| Bertinoro | ||
 | ||
| State | Italy | |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Emilia Romagna | |
| Territory | Romagna Apennines | |
| Altitude | 254 m a.s.l. | |
| Surface | 57.25 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 11.005 (2019) | |
| Name inhabitants | Bertinoresi | |
| Prefix tel | 39 0543 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 47032 | |
| Time zone | UTC 1 | |
| Patron | Santa Caterina (November 25) | |
Position
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| Institutional website | ||
Bertinoro is a city ofEmilia Romagna.
To know
Geographical notes
Site on Romagna hills, a few kilometers from the Via Emilia, between Forlì and Cesena, south of Forlimpopoli, Bertinoro, a typical medieval village, occupies the top of Mount Cesubeo.
Adjacent to the built-up area is Monte Maggio (formerly Monte dei Cappuccini), which has remained covered with woods; with its 328 meters it represents the highest point.
Background
In the area, artefacts referable to the Neolithic and Bronze Age have been discovered. The place gained importance with the construction of communication routes that connected this part of Romagna with Forum Livii (Forlì) and Ariminum (Rimini).
In the early Middle Ages the peaks of Mount Cesubeo and Mount Maggio were equipped with a defensive fortification; both fortresses had Ghibelline battlements. The towers and walls were perfectly integrated on the natural rock spurs which by themselves already represented a defensive bulwark for the castra. At that time the influence of the city of Ravenna reached up to these lands. Ravenna was also the main ally, in Northern Italy, of the Germanic dynasty, heir of Charlemagne. It was during the reign of Otto III (emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 996 to 1002) that the archbishop of Ravenna established the bertinorese county, obtaining the territory from the comitatus of Forlimpopoli. Monte Maggio was Bertinoro's neighbor and rival castle.
At the beginning of the 11th century, Count Ugo di Bertinoro entered into a vassal-like agreement with Archbishop Giovanni of Ravenna. Ugo placed the castle under the authority of Giovanni and that of his successors, together with the rights that depended on it. In exchange, the archbishop undertook to destroy the castrum of Monte Maggio and to transfer its inhabitants to the Castrum Cesubeum. Castrum Cesubeum was refounded as Castrum Brittinori. The new title of Count was presumably assigned to a local family, loyal to the emperor and linked by a vassal relationship to the metropolitan of Ravenna. The count's dynasty retained the title for over a century and a half, ending in 1177. Subsequently, the county of Bertinoro was devolved to the emperor. Around that year the Bertinoro fortress hosted the Emperor Frederick I of Swabia and his court. In 1278 the new imperial family, the Habsburgs, ceded to the Church the imperial rights over Bologna and Romagna: Bertinoro also passed under the sovereignty of the State of the Church.
In 1306 at the behest of Pino degli Ordelaffi, the Town Hall was built in the area of the central square below the fortress. Since then it became the seat of the municipality without interruption. Also in these years the castrum was embellished with the Column of Hospitality, still present in Piazza della Libertà next to the Town Hall, and with a series of architectural works.
In 1361 Bertinoro was elevated to a bishopric, a title transferred from nearby Forlimpopoli. In the official documents of the time it went from being indicated as castrum to civitas. Ten years later, according to the tax census of Cardinal Anglico de Grimoard (Descriptio provinciæ Romandiolæ), Bertinoro had 177 focularia, for a total population of about 700-800 inhabitants.
In 1394 Pope Boniface IX ceded the county to the Malatesta of Rimini, who thus became the new lords of Bertinoro. From 1449 to 1469 it was under the dominion of the Malatesta family, to then pass to that of the Ordelaffi. After the lordship of Cesare Borgia (1500-1504), in 1523 it was given by Pope Clement VII as a fief to Lionello Pio of the Carpi counts; then, to the Aldobrandini.
The presence of a Jewish community in Bertinoro is attested starting from the 14th century. In a document dated 1444 we read that the Jews of the countryside had the right to sell land. In Bertinoro was born in 1485 Obadiah Yare ben Abraham, rabbi and commentator of the Mishnah who in 1486 moved to Jerusalem. The Jewish community had to move forcibly to Lugo or to One hundred or a Ferrara as a result of the bull Hebraeorum gens of Pius V of 1569.
In 1548 Bertinoro had 930 inhabitants. In 1580 the city definitively returned to the Church. Later the new cathedral was built, dedicated to Santa Caterina.
How to orient yourself
Bertinoro: full screen map.The municipal territory also includes the hamlets of Bracciano, Capocolle, Collinello, Fratta Terme, Ospedaletto, Panighina, Polenta, San Pietro in Guardiano, Santa Croce, Santa Maria Nuova Spallicci-
- 1 Parking area, Via Salvador Allende, 149.
- 2 Vignaiuolo parking, Via Del Soccorso, 7. parking area.
- 3 Parking 1 - Largo Cairoli, Via Aldruda Frangipane. free parking
- 4 Parking via dei Santi.
- Parking 3 - Rocca. free parking
- 5 Parking 5 via Badia. free parking
How to get
By plane
- 6 Bologna airport (G.Marconi), Via Triumvirato 84, ☎ 39 051 6479615.
By car
- Highway A! $: Exit the Cesena Nord toll booth, take the E45 for Rome to the Cesena Ovest exit. Turn right onto SS9 via Emilia, towards Forlì-Bologna. The road to Bertinoro is located immediately after the locality of Capocolle, on the left at the traffic lights. The Cesena and Bertinoro toll booths are about 12 km away.
On the train
- Forlì or Cesena stations, both about 13 km from Bertinoro, which can then be reached by bus or taxi.
By bus
- Forlì (Punto Bus next to the railway station) there are daily connections to Bertinoro.
How to get around
What see
- Rocca. It was probably built around the year 1000. The fortification rested on several rock spurs to increase its protective capabilities. The defensive system included a strong circle of walls reinforced by four towers, a drawbridge and a series of fortified gates to ensure the safety of the village. In addition to its main function as a defensive center, the fortress also served as a prison and as a deposit for food and water supplies. After hosting Federico Barbarossa in 1177, its walls hosted personalities linked to the Sforza and Borgia families, until it became a bishopric. It is home to the Museum of Sacred Art and the Bertinoro University Center.
- Town Hall. Built in 1306 by Pino I Ordelaffi, lord of Bertinoro, it is perhaps the most beautiful palace in the city and directly overlooks Piazza della Libertà, from whose balustrades you can enjoy a vast panorama. The palace, 40 meters high, has several rooms that can be visited. Of particular interest: the first, called "del Popolo", as the citizens used to meet here to take decisions on public affairs; the Sala Magna, decorated with precious paintings and the Sala del fuoco, named after the original hearth that still dominates the room.
- Placed lower than the Rocca, it snatched from it the rank of center of the town, so much so that communal life developed more around the palace.
- 1 Column of the Rings (or "delle Anella"). It is the main monument of Bertinoro. It is a column of white stone and testifies to the hospitable nature of the citizens of Bertinoro. It is said that the column was built by Guido del Duca and Arrigo Mainardi in the thirteenth century to put an end to the disputes over who should host a stranger whenever one of them set foot in the city. The column was equipped with 12 rings that were used to tie the horses' bridles. Each ring corresponded to the name of a family. Depending on which one was chosen to tie the horse by the unsuspecting traveler, the corresponding family had the honor of hosting the stranger.
- 2 Co-cathedral of Saint Catherine. It was built in 1500 on the remains of the small oratory of Santa Caterina. In Bramante style it preserves a remarkable painting of Saint Catherine of Alexandria and a wooden crucifix from the 16th century to which a story is linked. In fact, it is said that it was sculpted by a pilgrim who, having found refuge in the area on his departure, obtained the artifact from an imposing fig tree.
- The crypt is accessible from the outside.
- Parish church of San Donato (in the hamlet of Polenta). It is the most characteristic church, mentioned by Giosuè Carducci in his song "La Chiesa di Polenta".
- It still retains many parts of the original construction (columns, capitals, crypt) from the end of the 9th century. It underwent a major restoration at the end of the eighteenth century which changed its original appearance. A second restoration was carried out at the end of the nineteenth century, which ended in 1898 with the construction of the bell tower.
- Villa Norina. Antonio Canova stayed there.
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- 3 Old prisons, Via Aldruda Frangipane, 5. The old Bertinoro prisons are in an 18th century building located in the historic part of the town.
- An imposing building, originally the seat of the bishop's seminary of Bertinoro - later transferred to the former monastery of Corpus Domini - during the 19th century it was used as a Rubicon district prison. Owned by the municipality, after a conservative restoration carried out at the end of the last century, it was destined for civilian use.
- Thermal establishments (in the hamlet of Fratta Terme). Reopened in May 2008, after 5 years of renovations, the thermal establishment of Fratta Terme is the only one in Italy to offer such a vast variety of thermal waters. In fact, from the 11 springs distributed along the Rio Salso, 7 waters with unique characteristics, rich in mineral, hypothermal salts, flow out. Salty, salsobromoiodic, sulphurous, salsosulfurous, ferruginous, magnesium, arsenical waters.
Events and parties
What to do
Shopping
How to have fun
Where to eat
Average prices
- 1 La Divina Bistecca - Steakhouse, Via dei Santi, 3, ☎ 390543445860, @[email protected].
- 2 Bistrot Colonna - restaurant, Via Arrigo Mainardi, 10/12, ☎ 390543444333, @[email protected].
- 3 Da Lorenzo - pizzeria restaurant, via Trò Meldola (in Fratta Terme), ☎ 39 0543460860, 39 3284925644.
closed on monday. - 4 Balcony Mirastelle Restaurant, Via Giuseppe Mazzini, 18.
- 5 Antica Porta Restaurant, Via Giuseppe Mazzini, 76/78, ☎ 39 3884743283.
closed on monday.Where stay
Moderate prices
- 1 La Colonna Hotel, Liberty Square, 8, ☎ 39 0543445147. two star hotel
Average prices
- 2 Panorama Hotel, Liberty Square, 11, ☎ 39 0543 807348. three star hotel
Safety
- 7 Azzaroni Pharmacy, Piazza Giuseppe Garibaldi, 25, ☎ 39 0543 445125.
- 8 Casetti Pharmacy, Piazza Adelio Colitto, 5 (in Fratta Terme), ☎ 39 0543 460961.
How to keep in touch
Post office
- 9 Italian post, Via Santa Croce, 3667, ☎ 39 0543 442074.
Around
- Cesena - Of the Malatesta many memories remain in the historic village within the walls; it preserves beautiful monuments.
- Forlì - The abbey of San Mercuriale, the Cathedral, the museum complex of San Domenico characterize the historic center of this ancient city which was the Forum Livii Roman.
- Forlimpopoli - The Roman Forum Popilii, on the Via Emilia, is now a commercial, agricultural and industrial center. It still has a good part of the ancient walls.
