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| Legnica | ||
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesia | |
|---|---|---|
| Residents | 99.350 (2019) | |
| height | 113 m | |
| Tourist information Tel | 48-76-7233801 | |
no tourist info on Wikidata:  | ||
| location | ||
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Legnica(German: Liegnitz) is one of the oldest and (after Wroclaw and Wałbrzych) the third largest city of Lower Silesia. It is one of the warmest cities in Poland and describes itself as the sunniest in the country. An old town that is well worth seeing (despite significant changes in the post-war period), beautiful surroundings and an eventful history invite travelers to visit.
background
Legnica is the county seat of the Powiat Legnicki and also the seat of the Catholic diocese of Legnica. A first mention of the place comes from the year 1004. The ruling dukes of the following time were Boleslaus I and his son Heinrich I of Silesia. In 1241 the city was destroyed by an onslaught of the Mongols of the Golden Horde. An exhibition in the copper museum reports on it. The city was re-established between 1242 and 1252. The Piast line of rulers came under in 1419. The following 200 years were marked by a few changes of rulers.
In 1742 Liegnitz fell to Prussia. In 1874 the place became an urban district. Until 1945, Liegnitz was the capital of the administrative district of the same name in the Prussian province of Silesia. Before the outbreak of World War II, Liegnitz had a good 78,000 inhabitants, over three quarters of whom were Protestant. After the war, the city was only under the Polish administration Lignica and later after Legnica renamed. Almost without exception, the German population was expelled and replaced by new settlers from the Soviet-annexed eastern Poland. In the post-war period, the place was the main base of the Soviet Army in Poland for a long time. In the 1960s, the medieval old town, which was barely destroyed in the war, was leveled with the exception of certain important buildings (churches, town halls, a few town houses) and replaced by a simplified street network with socialist apartment blocks.
getting there
By plane
The Wroclaw Nicolaus Copernicus Airport
(IATA: WRO) is the nearest airport and 73 kilometers by road from the city. It is served by Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Düsseldorf and Dortmund.
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By train
At the 1 Legnica train station Trains on the cross-border line stop three times a day Dresden–Gorlitz–Wroclaw (Cooperation of Trilex and Koleje Dolnośląskie/ KD), although the train has to be changed in Węgliniec near the German-Polish border. The journey from Dresden takes around 2:45 hours. From Görlitz you can get to Legnica every two hours with regional KD trains and a change in Węgliniec in 1½ hours.
The "Culture train" between Berlin-Lichtenberg / Ostkreuz and Breslau also stops in Legnica (also Cottbus, Forst). It takes 3½ hours from Berlin and 2:10 hours from Cottbus. The one-way trip costs 19 euros.
Within Poland, regional trains usually run every hour between Wroclaw and Legnica, the journey takes around 50 minutes. There are trains to / from at longer intervals Bolesławiec (35 minutes), Świdnica (1:15 hours), Żary (1:20 hours), Luban (1½ hours) and Kłodzko (just under 3 hours).
By bus
Long-distance buses and regional buses stop in the center.
In the street
From Berlin (A18), Dresden / Görlitz (A4) and Wroclaw (A4) motorways lead directly to Liegnitz. Federal roads lead in all directions and make the place easily accessible by car.
mobility
The old town is easy to explore on foot. Public buses go to the more distant parts of the city.
Tourist Attractions
Churches
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- 1 Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul (Katedra p.w. Św. Apostołów Piotra i Pawła).
The cathedral began in the 12th century. The current building was built in the 14th century and expanded a hundred years later. In 1892–1894, the building was converted into the neo-Gothic style that is visible today, based on a design by Johann Otzens. Between 1989 and 1992 the building underwent some changes necessary for a cathedral and certain liturgies. Inside there are some valuable elements, such as the Renaissance Liegnitz council stalls from 1568 and Caspar Berger's pulpit from 1586–1588.
- 2 Church of Our Lady (Kościół Mariacki, Church of Saint Mary).The history of the oldest church in the city dates back to the 12th century. At that time the Catholic church was built on sandstone and still had no side aisles. It is now a large hall church with three naves and two towers. The current structure dates from the 14th century. The choir was added in the 15th century. After a fire in 1822, it was rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style. Nowadays it belongs to the Evangelical Augsburg Church Community.
- 3 St. John Baptist Church (Kościół św. Jana Chrzciciela), ul. Partyzanów.The originally Gothic church was built on this site at the end of the 13th century. Later it was used as a burial place for the Dukes of Legnica and Brzeg. At the beginning of the 18th century the building was demolished and this baroque church was built. Only the presbytery survived.
Castles
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- 4 Piast castle from the 13th century. (Zamek Piastowski).In the 13th century the castle consisted of the ducal palace, a chapel, three towers, a fortification and parts of the city wall. This made it one of the largest building complexes of its kind. At the beginning of the 18th century, a fire destroyed some parts of the complex. Another fire raged in 1835. It was then rebuilt in neo-Gothic style. The next destruction took place during the second world war. The current condition goes back to the reconstruction in the years 1962-1969. The building now serves as the headquarters of an educational institution. There are still remains of a late Romanesque chapel founded by Henryk Brodaty.
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Buildings
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- 5 The house "under the quail basket" (Dom Pod Przepiórczym Koszem), Rynek 38 (at the market square).The patrician house from the 14th century has a striking round two-story bay window on one corner. It was restored in the 16th century and provided with elaborate sgraffito, which came to light in 1909 after the plaster was removed.
- 6 8 three-story renaissance houses, Rynek 24-31.The distinctive buildings are also called "herring houses" (Śledziówki) known and were first mentioned in 1574.
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- 7 Old Town Hall (Stary Ratusz), Rynek 39.In the baroque style, built 1737–41.
- 8 theatre (Teatr in. Heleny Modrzejewskiej), Rynek 39 (on the market).A neo-renaissance building. It was built in the years of 1841 and 1842. The architect was the well-known German builder Carl Ferdinand Langhans. He was also responsible for the Kroll Opera in Berlin, the City Theater in Breslau and the New Theater in Leipzig. At the time of its opening, it was one of the most modern and beautiful theaters in Silesia. Many details of the interior are still preserved. A new theater building was not necessarily wanted at the time. The building came about under constant pressure from the city council - ultimately even directly on the market next to the town hall.
- 9 Knight Academy (Gmach Akademii Rycerskiej), ul.Chojnowska 2.Former school for the sons of the evangelical Silesian nobility, who learned courtly here. The academy's monumental baroque palace, which is arranged around an inner courtyard, was built between 1726 and 1738. The design comes from Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach from Vienna (who was also the architect of Schloss Eckartsau and the Michaeler tract of the Hofburg and planned the expansion and renovation of the Klosterneuburg monastery). In 1811 the knight academy was converted into a grammar school, which citizens' sons were also allowed to attend. From the end of World War II until 1978, the building was used by the Russian army. Now it is being renovated piece by piece and used for the Polish administration.
- 10 Renaissance building, ul.Najświętszej Marii Panny 7. The tenement house has a richly decorated facade from 1611.
- 11 new town hall (Nowy Ratusz), plac Słowiański 8 (opposite the cathedral).Neo-Renaissance, built 1902–05.
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- In the posh residential area 12 Tarninów (around ul. Św. Maksymiliana Kolbe, Tadeusza Kościuszki and Stefana Okrzei) there are some beautiful villas from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The streets are lined with trees and most of the houses have a front garden, which gives the area a very green character. From 1945 to 1993 the houses of the "square" served (Kwadrat) the officers of the Soviet Army.
- The former 13 soviet guest house, ul. Okrzei 14, is a neoclassical villa from 1926. It now houses the Hotel Rezydencja (see below).
Museums
- 14 Muzeum Miedzi (Copper Museum), ul.Partyzantów 3 (northwest of the market square). Tel.: 48 (0)76-8620289, Email: [email protected].The museum isn't all about copper. It was established in 1962 and is located in the former home of the Leubus abbots (Dawny dwór opatów klasztoru cystersów Lubiążu). The building with its baroque, palatial architecture dates from 1728. In the museum you will find exhibits relating to the precious metal and its extraction as well as some works of art. The museum also has a pavilion with relics from the 18th century from the chapel of the Piast Castle. The exhibition on the Battle of Legnica tells of the Mongol invasion in 1241. A lapidarium shows some stone work from the 13th to 18th centuries. Century.Open: Tue-Sat: 11: 00-17: 00.
- 17 Lapidary, ul.Rycerska 2 (next to Muzeum Miedzi). Historical sculptures, epitaphs and architectural fragments such as stone columns and arches are collected and exhibited here in the open air. Belongs to the neighboring copper museum.
Streets and squares
- 18 Marketplace (Rynek, ring).As in many Silesian and Polish cities, the market square extends in a ring around a central building. The development is not a real ensemble, but a strange mix of styles. On the one hand, there are a number of historical buildings from different epochs, from the late medieval "Haus zum Wachtelkorb" to the "Herring houses" from the Renaissance period and the baroque old town hall to the classical theater. However, a large part of the ring development was destroyed during the war or subsequently demolished and replaced by new buildings in the 1960s to 70s, some of which allude to classic forms, but can clearly be assigned to the “socialist” era. On the ring there is also the cathedral, the Neptune fountain and a Copernicus mosaic.
- 19 Skwer Orląt Lwowskich. Large (over 1 ha), park-like space. It was laid out in 1895 and was initially called Bilseplatz, later Hindenburgplatz, and after 1945 Stalinplatz. Today it is named after the "Lviv Eagle Boys", a group of child soldiers who fought for Lwów to belong to Poland in the aftermath of the First World War. In the middle of the square is an obelisk, which was erected on the 760th anniversary of the Battle of Liegnitz (1241) against the Mongols and is supposed to commemorate 2000 years of Christianity. On the north side of the square is the magnificent building of the former Auguste Victoria School from 1909, which today serves as the seat of the episcopal curia and seminary.
Parks
- 20 city Park (Miejski Park).The city park has an area of 50 hectares and is home to 130 species of trees and shrubs. An avenue was built here at the end of the 18th century. A hundred years later the park area was expanded. From 1860 the well-known landscape architect Eduard Petzold, the court gardener of Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau, was responsible for the landscaping of the park.
activities
Theatre:
Tennis:
shop
- 1 Gwarna Mall, ul. Złotoryjska. The small shopping center, more of a shopping arcade, has a number of retail stores and is located a little bit southwest of the cathedral.
- 2 Galeria Piastow. Largest shopping center in the city with various shops in a main building and a smaller one right next to it.
kitchen
- 3 Tradycja Restauracja Po Polsku, Rynek 9. Tel.: 76 852-35-33, Email: [email protected]. Traditional Polish cuisine in a rustic vault on the market square. Goose dishes are particularly recommended, the meat comes from a farm in the region.
Cafes
- Kawiarnia Pacykarz, pl. Katedralny 1. Tel.: 48 (0)76-7212199.
nightlife
- Pub Klimaty, ul.Młynarska 7. Mobile: 48 (0)605-766085.
- Bar-Kawiarnia-Cukiernia Hort-Cafe, ul. NMP 1. Tel.: 48 (0)76-8560536.
- Cubana Club, Rynek 33.
accommodation
Cheap
medium
- 1 Hotel Kamieniczka, ul.Młynarska 15-16. Tel.: 48 (0)76-72373 92-96, Email: [email protected]. The hotel has 21 rooms with shower / toilet, TV-SAT, telephone and 2 apartments with a living room and a bedroom.Check-in: 14:00.Check-out: 12:00.Price: room price including breakfast and parking space.
- 2 Hotel Pałacyk, ul.Tadeusza Kościuszki 37, 59-220 Legnica. Tel.: 48 76 8512535, Fax: 48 76 8620444, Email: [email protected]. Three-star hotel in a representative villa (one could also say: a palace) in the elegant and green district of Tarninów (a good 1 km south of the city center).Price: double room from PLN 180 including breakfast.
Upscale
- 3 Hotel Gwarna, ul.Złotoryska 30 (Navi: ul.Wjazdowa 2). Tel.: 48 (0)76-7450000, Fax: 48 (0)76-7450090, Email: [email protected]. The centrally located 4-star hotel with cozy and very well-equipped rooms is on the 4th floor of a small shopping center. Sauna, fitness equipment and swimming pool are in the attic and can be used free of charge. Wellness treatments and massages can also be booked. A special highlight are the jogging track and the ice skating circuit on the roof of the building, which can be used in winter. The restaurant stands out particularly positively with a pleasant selection of very good and interesting dishes apart from the standard program. - WiFi (free).Price: from PLN 259/320 (single / double) including breakfast.Accepted payment methods: MC / VISA.
- 4 Hotel Qubus, ul.Skarbowa 2. Tel.: 48 (0)76-8662100, Fax: 48 (0)76-8662200, Email: [email protected]. Price: from € 71.75 (promotions for online bookings in advance from € 37.00).Accepted payment types: Visa, JCB, Diners, MC.
- 5 Hotel Rezydencja, ul.Okrzei 18 (In the Tarninów district south of the center). Tel.: 48 60 1358183. Elegant hotel in a magnificent villa from 1926 with a very large garden.Price: double room from 232 zł.
security
It's pretty safe.
health
- hospital, on the eastern outskirts next to the Kaufland shopping center.
- pharmacy, ul.Złotoryjska (corner of ul. J. Matejki). This is not too far from the city center.
- pharmacy, S. Czarnieckiego ul. (corner of I. Daszyńskiego ul.). East of the river.
Practical advice
Tourist information:
- Center Informacji Miejskiej, ul.Najświętszej Marii Panny 1. Tel.: 48 (0)76-8525456.
- 1 Centrum Informacji Turystycznej OSiR, ul.Najświętszej Marii Panny 7. Tel.: 48 (0)76-7233801, Email: [email protected].
Post offices can be found in ul. Wjazdowa southwest of the cathedral, at the train station and north of the Piast Castle on ul. Pocztowa.
trips
- Chojnów (Haynau), historic small town with brick Gothic St. Peter and Paul Church and medieval weaver tower, 18 km to the west (14 minutes by train)
- Yes (Jauer) with the baroque Friedenskirche, UNESCO World Heritage Site, 20 km south (half an hour by train)
- The Cistercian monastery Lubiąż (Leubus) is located 30 km northeast of Legnica (30 minutes by car).
- China city Bolesławiec (Bunzlau), 45 km west (half an hour by train)
- Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg), worth seeing old town, 55 km southeast (approx. One hour by car)
- Fürstenstein Castle in the north of Wałbrzych, third largest castle in Poland, 60 km south (approx. 1 hour by car)
- Wroclaw (Wrocław) - The capital of Lower Silesia, one of the most beautiful cities in Poland, is located almost 80 km to the east. There are trains every hour that take around 50 minutes. It takes about an hour to get there by car.
- The Giant Mountains with the Schneekoppe is a good 70 km (one to 1½ hours by car) south of the city (beyond Jelenia Góra).
- Środa Śląska
literature
- : Liegnitz - the other modern, architecture of the 1920s. Munich, 2007, ISBN 978-3-486-58421-9 .
Web links
- http://www.portal.legnica.eu/ - Legnica official website
