This article lists the practices listed in UNESCO intangible cultural heritage in Spain.
Understand
The country has seventeen practices listed on the "representative list of intangible cultural heritage "Of UNESCO and three practices included in the"register of best practices for safeguarding culture .
No practice is repeated on the "emergency backup list ».
Lists
Representative list
| Convenient | Year | Domain | Description | Drawing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 The mystery of Elche | 2008 |  | ||
| 2 La Patum de Berga | 2008 |  | ||
| The irrigating courts of the Spanish Mediterranean basin: the Council of Good Men of the Plain of Murcia and the Water Tribunal of the Plain of Valencia | 2009 |  | ||
| 3 The whistled language of the island of La Gomera (Canary Islands), the Silbo Gomero | 2009 |  | ||
| 4 The song of the Sibyl of Mallorca | 2010 |  | ||
| Flamenco | 2010 |  | ||
| Human towers | 2010 |  | ||
| 5 Algemesí's "Mare de Déu de la Salut" festival | 2011 |  | ||
| 6 Cordoba Patios Festival | 2012 | .jpg/150px-Patio_cordobés_(7155650543).jpg) | ||
| The Mediterranean diet | 2013 | * oral traditions and expressions * social practices, rituals and festive events * knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe * know-how related to traditional craftsmanship | The Mediterranean diet involves a set of skills, knowledge, rituals, symbols and traditions that concern crops, harvests, picking, fishing, breeding, conservation, processing, cooking and, in particular, the way of sharing the table and of consuming food. Eating together is the foundation of the cultural identity and continuity of communities in the Mediterranean basin. It is a moment of social exchange and communication, of affirmation and refounding of the identity of the family, group or community. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes the values of hospitality, good neighborliness, intercultural dialogue and creativity, and on a way of life guided by respect for diversity. It plays an important role in cultural spaces, festivals and celebrations by bringing together populations of all ages, classes and conditions. It includes craftsmanship and the production of objects for transporting, preserving and consuming food, including ceramic dishes and glasses. Women play an essential role in the transmission of know-how and knowledge of the Mediterranean diet, in the safeguarding of techniques, in the respect of seasonal rhythms and festive punctuations of the calendar, and in the transmission of the values of the element. to new generations. Likewise, markets play a key role as spaces for the culture and transmission of the Mediterranean diet, in the daily learning of exchange, mutual respect and agreement. |  |
| The summer solstice fire festivals in the Pyrenees | 2015 | * oral traditions and expressions * social practices, rituals and festive events, * knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, * know-how related to traditional craftsmanship | The summer solstice fire festivals take place in the Pyrenees every year on the same night, when the sun is at its zenith. After dark, the inhabitants of different towns and villages carry torches from the top of the mountains to set bonfires of traditional construction. For young people, the descent of the mountain is a very special moment signifying the passage from adolescence to adulthood. The festival is seen as a time that provides time for the regeneration of social bonds and the strengthening of feelings of belonging, identity and continuity, with celebrations that include folk dances and communal meals. Roles are assigned to specific people. In some municipalities, the mayor is involved in setting the first pyre on fire. In others, a priest blesses or lights the fire. Elsewhere, the most recently married man in the village lights the fire and leads the descent into the villages. Often, unmarried young girls await the arrival of torchbearers in the villages with wine and pastries. In the morning, people collect embers or ashes to protect their homes and gardens. The element has deep roots in local communities and is perpetuated through a network of local associations and institutions. The most important place of transmission is the family, where people keep the memory of this heritage alive. In Andorra, these festivals take place at Andorra la Vella, in Sant Julià de Lòria and in Escaldes-Engordany. |  |
| The feast of the Valencian Fallas | 2016 | * social practices, rituals and festive events * Performing Arts * know-how related to traditional craftsmanship * oral traditions and expressions | The main feature of the Fallas Festival, a tradition followed by the Valencian communities in the region and abroad to celebrate the arrival of spring, are the gigantic fallas. The falla is a construction made up of ninots (caricatured figurines), which local artists and artisans create based on current social issues. Erected in the town squares, the fallas are reduced to ashes at the end of the feast, which takes place from March 14 to 19, to symbolize the arrival of spring, the purification and the renewal of the social activity of the community. During this time, bands march through the streets, serve meals outside and fireworks. Each year, a Falla Queen is elected, who will promote the festival throughout the year and encourage visitors and locals to participate. The know-how associated with this practice is transmitted to the families, in particular those who intervene in the construction of the ninots and who are grouped together in several guilds within the participating communities. The Fallas festival is conducive to collective creativity and the safeguarding of traditional arts and crafts. It is also a source of pride for the community and contributes to cultural identity and social cohesion. In the past, it also helped to preserve the Valencian language when it was banned. |  |
| Falconry, a living human heritage Note Spain shares this practice withGermany, the'Saudi Arabia, the'Austria, the Belgium, the United Arab Emirates, the France, the Hungary, the'Italy, the Kazakhstan, the Morocco, the Mongolia, the Pakistan, the Portugal, the Qatar, the Syria, the South Korea and the Czechia. | 2016 | social practices, rituals and festive events | Originally used as a source of food, falconry is now more linked to the protection of nature, cultural heritage and the social engagement of communities. Following their own traditions and ethical principles, falconers train, train and fly birds of prey (falconids, but also eagles and accipitridae) by developing a bond with them and becoming their main source of protection. Found in many countries around the world, practice may vary, for example, in the type of equipment used, but the methods remain the same. Considering themselves as a group, falconers can travel for weeks to hunt, telling each other their day in the evening. They see falconry as a link to the past, especially as it is one of the last links with the natural environment and the traditional culture of the community. Knowledge and skills are passed on from generation to generation through mentoring, family learning, or training in clubs and schools. In some countries, a national exam must be passed to become a falconer. Meetings and festivals allow communities to share their knowledge, raise awareness and promote diversity. |  |
| The art of dry stone construction: know-how and techniques | 2018 | know-how related to traditional craftsmanship | The art of dry stone construction is the skill associated with building stone structures by stacking stones on top of each other without using any other material, except sometimes dry earth. Dry stone structures are found in most rural areas - mostly on hilly terrain - both inside and outside inhabited spaces. However, they are not absent from urban areas. The stability of the structures is ensured by a careful choice and placement of stones. The dry stone structures have shaped many and varied landscapes, allowing the development of different types of habitats, agriculture and livestock. These structures bear witness to the methods and practices used by populations from prehistoric times to modern times to organize their living and working spaces by optimizing local natural and human resources. They play an essential role in preventing landslides, floods and avalanches, combating land erosion and desertification, improving biodiversity and creating suitable micro-climatic conditions for agriculture. Bearers and practitioners are the rural communities in which the element is deeply rooted, as well as professionals in the construction sector. Dry stone structures are always made in perfect harmony with the environment and the technique is representative of a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. The practice is mainly transmitted through a practical application adapted to the specific conditions of each place. |  |
| Tamboradas, rituals of drumming | 2018 | * social practices, rituals and festive events * know-how related to traditional craftsmanship * oral traditions and expressions | The “tamboradas” are sound and collective rituals based on the simultaneous, intense and continuous beating of thousands of drums, playing for days and nights, uninterrupted in the public spaces of towns and villages. Each year recreates a captivating soundscape and identity charged with emotion and an intense feeling of collective communion. Tamboradas are part of the celebrations of Catholic Holy Week and are of particular importance depending on the different places, days and times. Whether religious and devotional or secular and playful, the practice everywhere creates a landscape of feelings and mutual respect. Costumes, instruments, beats and drum rolls generate rich local crafts in which families and women play an important role. Shared meals in public spaces reinforce the feeling of conviviality. The communities, organized in different groups, prepare the ritual throughout the year. Practice and knowledge are transmitted within these groups by the more experienced, and the process of transmission generates a strong sense of belonging to the group and creates a deep connection with the ritual. Various events ensure the intergenerational transmission of the practice, such as national and children's tamboradas, drumming and clothing embroidery workshops, and competitions. |  |
Manufacturing process of artisan talavera from Puebla and Tlaxcala and ceramics from Talavera de la Reina and El Puente del Arzobispo
Note Spain shares this practice with the Mexico. | 2019 | Two communities in Mexico and two others in Spain manufacture artisan talavera from Puebla and Tlaxcala (Mexico) and ceramics from Talavera de la Reina and El Puente del Arzobispo (Spain). Ceramics are used for domestic, decorative and architectural purposes. Despite the changes and evolutions that ceramics have faced in both countries (related to the use of electric potters' wheels today), artisanal manufacturing processes, including manufacturing, glazing and decoration, remain the same as in the 16th century. Knowledge and skills relating to this element include the preparation of clay, the manufacture of earthenware using a potter's wheel or mold, decoration, preparation of enamels and pigments and the management of the furnace, which requires a great deal of expertise. Some ceramists handle the whole process, while others specialize in specific tasks. Knowledge related to the element (including extraction of raw materials, processing of materials, decoration and firing techniques) is mainly held by master eartheners and ceramists who have developed their skills over time and have been transmitted orally to the younger generations, in their workshops or in the family. Each workshop has its own identity, which is reflected in the detail of the shapes, decorations, colors and enamels of the pieces. The production of ceramics remains a key identity symbol in both countries. |  | |
| 9 Horses of wine | 2020 | * Knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe * Social practices, rituals and festive events * Know-how related to traditional craftsmanship | The festival of Los Caballos del Vino (the horses of wine) takes place every year from 1er to May 3 at Caravaca de la Cruz, as part of the festivities organized in honor of Santísima y Vera Cruz de Caravaca. The equestrian ritual includes a series of events in which the horse is the main actor. Enjaezamiento consists of adorning the horse with superb capes richly embroidered with silk and gold thread. Several parades take place in the streets of the city, during which one can admire the horses and their ornaments, accompanied by four leaders who walk by their side and who are followed by all the inhabitants. Finally, the most anticipated moment is a race against time along the coast to the castle, where the horses race up to the fortress with four leaders. Prizes reward the participants in the race as well as the ornaments of the horses. Knowledge and techniques in the care, breeding, harnessing and handling of horses are passed on within families and groups, while embroidery techniques are learned in workshops and from families of embroiderers. The relationship between humans and horses, based on respect and collaboration, is also passed down through generations. Viticulture and horse breeding are two activities that are inseparable from the economy, history and culture of the region, and the festival highlights values such as camaraderie and solidarity, because everyone has the feeling of be part of a socially united group. |  |
Register of Best Safeguarding Practices
| Convenient | Year | Domain | Description | Drawing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Center for traditional culture - museum-school of the Pusol educational project | 2009 | * Performing Arts * knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe * social practices, rituals and festive events * know-how related to traditional craftsmanship * oral traditions and expressions | This innovative education project has two main goals: to promote value-based education by integrating the local cultural and natural heritage into the school curriculum and to contribute to the preservation of Elche's heritage through education, training, direct action and awareness in the educational community. Implemented at the one-teacher rural public school in Pusol (Elche, Spain) in 1968, the project successfully integrated heritage into formal education. Guided by teachers and external collaborators, the children explore, in an atmosphere of play, the rich heritage of Elche in contact with the bearers of the traditions and thus contribute directly to its safeguard. Children collect data in the field, do museography and teach heritage to each other and visitors, studying and exploring on their own. The project has already trained almost 500 schoolchildren and resulted in a school museum with more than 61,000 inventory entries and 770 oral files, thus preserving the heritage of everyday life and promoting the cultural mapping of local heritage resources. . Between 1968 and the mid-1980s, the project remained within the borders of the rural area of Pusol, where the school is located. But as knowledge of the project's values and achievements spread, the operational scope of the project became greater, first involving the remaining rural areas of the Elche countryside (mid-1980s) and more later the city of Elche (in the 1990s). The project is highly esteemed by the local rural community, the population of Elche and experts in education and culture for its pioneering democratic, inclusive and participatory nature and can serve as a model demonstrating the feasibility of safeguarding heritage from the bottom up. the top. |  |
| 11 The revitalization of the traditional knowledge of artisanal lime making in Moron de la Frontera, Seville, Andalusia | 2011 | know-how related to traditional craftsmanship | The traditional practice of making lime has long been a source of employment for Morón de la Frontera and a marker of his identity. When production was replaced by industrial lime, the kilns gradually fell into disuse and the transmission of this knowledge ceased. The main objectives of the project are to raise awareness of the practice and importance of artisanal lime production, while improving the living conditions of artisans. The Cultural Association of Lime Kilns of Morón was created for this purpose. It gave birth to an ethnography center and a living museum where the manufacturing process is exhibited in situ. The ovens have been restored and the project actively encourages the transmission of techniques to new generations. Awareness-raising activities, organized in collaboration with lime artisans, focus on the recovery of expertise and techniques for their use in sustainable construction. The project has also produced audiovisual and paper publications, carried out demonstrations at trade fairs and is currently preparing the Iberian Lime Congress for 2012. The Association has been involved in a national project to raise awareness of fresco painting, as well as in an international project "Transfer to Morocco (North Africa) of the model of craft promotion centers". The project involved the actors and the inhabitants of Morón de la Frontera in the decision-making process |  |
| 12 Methodology for the inventory of intangible cultural heritage in biosphere reserves: the experience of Montseny | 2013 | Launched by the UNESCO Center of Catalonia, a non-governmental organization, this project aims to identify intangible cultural heritage in a biosphere reserve and to draw up inventories. This project was carried out in a region covering the Montseny Biosphere Reserve and the National Park, in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, in cooperation with local institutions and stakeholders working in the field of ethnology and popular culture. and traditional Catalan. Its three main objectives were: to create an inventory methodology, to draw up an inventory and to produce a document on the contributions of intangible cultural heritage to sustainable development. In addition, the participation plan and the work on the ground helped to encourage the involvement of the local population in the identification of its intangible cultural heritage. The methodology developed for this project could be taken up at regional and international levels, and can be used in developing countries. The observations of the project on the contributions of intangible cultural heritage to sustainable development could also prove useful for countries benefiting from a rich natural and intangible heritage which are looking for ways to improve the living conditions of their populations. without compromising those of future generations. | .jpg/150px-Museu_Etnològic_del_Montseny_(6).jpg) |
Emergency backup list
Spain does not have a practice on the emergency safeguard list.
