| Vladivostok Владивосток | ||
 | ||
Coat of arms and flag   | ||
| State | Russia | |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Eastern Russia | |
| Territory | Coastline | |
| Altitude | 0-250 m a.s.l. | |
| Surface | 331.16 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 604.901 (2018 estimate) | |
| Prefix tel | 7 423 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 690xxx | |
| Time zone | UTC 10 | |
Position
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| Institutional website | ||
Vladivostok (Владивостойк) is a city of the Russia, located in the eastern region and capital of Coastal Territory.
To know
Geographical notes
Vladivostok occupies the southern end of the Muravyov-Amursky peninsula, which is about 30 kilometers long and 12 kilometers wide.
The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik of 257 meters.
Vladivostok is closer to Anchorage (Alaska) and even a Darwin (Australia) is Honolulu (Hawaii) than it is a Moscow.
When to go
Vladivostok has a continental climate of monsoon character with hot and rainy summers and cold and dry winters. Winters are much colder than a latitude of 43 ° N (roughly that of Florence and the French Riviera) might suggest. The January average is in fact attested to -12.3 ° C but between January and February it can drop to -20 ° C. The rainfall in the form of snow is about 18.5 mm from December to March.
Summers are hot and rainy due to the East Asian monsoon that sweeps the coast. The hottest month is August, with an average temperature of 19.8 ° C and skies almost always covered.
Background
On Chinese maps of the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368), Vladivostok is called Yongmingcheng (永明 城), "city of eternal light". At the time of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) it was visited by Chinese expeditions and a relic from that time (the Chongning stele) is on display in the local museum. The Nerchinsk Treaty of 1689 defined the area as part of China under the Manchu Qing dynasty. Later the Manchus banished the Han Chinese from most of the Manchuria including the Vladivostok region.In the summer of 1859, the governor general of Eastern Siberia, Nikolay N. Muravyov, visited the peninsula and the bay aboard the Amerika steam corvette. The peninsula was named Muravyov-Amursky in his honor. The first Europeans to visit the bay, later referred to as the Gulf of the Golden Horn, were the crews of the British warships HMS Winchester and HMS Barracouta in 1855.
On June 20, 1860 (July 2, according to the Gregorian calendar) the military ship Manchur, under the command of Lieutenant Alexey K. Shefner, landed in the gulf with the task of establishing an outpost. Officer Nikolay Komarov, with 28 soldiers and two officers were disembarked and after pitching tents at the entrance to the bay they built the first wooden buildings protected by a palisade.
In 1880 Vladivostok was officially proclaimed a city and administrative entity detached from Primorskaya Oblast. At that time the population of the city was 7,300, double that of two years earlier. Three hotels were in operation: the Mosca, the Vladivostok and the Hotel de Louvre.
From 1883 onwards masses of peasants from European Russia were brought to the entire Russian East with the aim of populating the eastern territories and Vladivostok became the hub. In 1888 the governor moved his residence from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok.
At the end of the 1880s Vladivostok had about 600 wooden houses and 50 two- and three-story stone houses. Most of the buildings were grouped in the area of today's central square and in Matrosskaya Sloboda (suburb of the sailors), along the Obyasneniya River. Construction of the Trans-Siberian railway began in 1891, and six years later, the first regular rail link to Khabarovsk was inaugurated.
From 1899 to 1909, four theaters opened in Vladivostok: the Tikhy Okean Theater (Pacific Ocean), the Public Theater (inspired by the Moscow Art Theater), the Zolotoy Rog Theater (Golden Horn) and the Pushkin Theater where Vera performed Kommisarzhevskaya famous actress of the time.
During the Russo-Japanese War (February 8, 1904 - September 5, 1905) a Japanese fleet of warships bombed the city.
Vladivostok participated in the revolution of 1905 and was ruled by rebel military units in early 1906. Unrest was forcefully suppressed and order was restored by General Georgi Kazbek.
After the October Revolution Japanese, British and American cruisers entered the Golden Horn Bay. The Entente soon expanded its operations in the Russian East and Siberia. Canada sent 4,000 soldiers who were placed in the Pushkin Theater and other barracks. The Bolsheviks waged a partisan struggle in the city against the occupiers until the last interventionist units withdrew on 25 October 1922 and the Red Army took control.
The Bolsheviks understood the strategic importance of Vladivostok and during the 1920s and 1930s the reconstruction of its port began. In the early 1930s, the first direct air flight to Moscow was inaugurated, and in 1932 the port of Vladivostok became the base of the Pacific naval fleet.
Many ethnic minorities considered rebellious in Stalin's eyes, including Chinese, Manchu, Jews, Ukrainians, Poles, Crimean Tatars, Chechens and Armenians were deported. Large-scale repression began during the 1930s, and a sorting camp for political prisoners from European Russia to the Kolima region was set up in Vladivostok. The prisoners arrived by train and were put on prison ships in terrible conditions. After the outbreak of World War II, prisoners began to flow in from European countries. New factories and infrastructures were built thanks to forced labor.
After the war Vladivostok expanded: the Churkin district was built in the late 1950s and in the following decade it was the turn of the Vtoraya Rechka (Second River) and Morgorodok districts. In 1980 the last construction of popular neighborhoods in grand style was started, including that of Patrisa Lumumbydi. In 1956, the Far Eastern State University was reopened.
The fishing industry got a big boost between 1950 and 1980 after which it marked a gradual recession. In 1974 Vladivostok hosted the arms control summit between Leonid Brezhnev and Gerald Ford. Since 1992, foreigners have been allowed to visit the city. In 1996 there were six consulates, four Japanese television company offices, an information service in the United States, about 100 representative offices of foreign companies, and about 600 joint ventures.
In December 2008, protests broke out against the high tariffs on imported used cars that had widespread coverage in the world media.
How to orient yourself
Vladivostok: full screen map.The center of Vladivostok, even if it has a checkerboard layout, is all a succession of steep climbs and descents: flat areas are almost completely absent.
The main streets in the center are Svetlanskaya with a west-east course and Aleutskaya from south to north. One block from Svetlanskaya is the Admiral Fokin pedestrian street which is the correspondent of the famous Muscovite street of Arbat.
How to get
By plane
- 1 Vladivostok airport (IATA: VVO). As of 2020, they operated on the Moscow-Vladivostok route Aeroflot and its subsidiary Rossiya Airlines while Ural Airlines operated flights from St.Pietroburgo and from other Russian cities as well as from Beijing.
- Numerous flights to / from Chinese airports.
- The airport is located in Artëm and is 23 km from the city center. Public transport lines 101 and 205 leave every hour from the Artëm bus station.
- Buses of line 107 run between the central station and the airport but their frequency is reduced (every two hours) -.
On the train
- 2 Vladivostok station. The central station is located in the center and is one of the most beautiful stations in the Russia. Once you enter the main entrance you will find the waiting room with rows of metal chairs. The corridor leads to the ticket offices for suburban trains, bypassing the canteen which offers hot or cold food and unappetizing salads.
- The long-distance train ticket offices are located on the upper floor. The left-luggage office is located in a separate building and operates 24 hours a day. The station also has a day hotel.
- Vladivostok station is at the terminus of the Trans-Siberian. At least one train a day arrives from Moscow. The trip takes just over 6 days.
- A steam locomotive and a small monument, with the inscription "kilometer 9288", mark the terminus of the Trans-Siberian railway and the distance from Moscow.
By bus
- 3 Intercity bus station, Ulitsa Russkaya 2 (7 km from the center), ☎ 7 (423) 232-33-78. The long-distance bus station is located in the Vtoraya Rechka area, next to the train station of the same name and a large market. The station building is new and quite welcoming. Inside there are many metal armchairs, a newsstand, a gift shop and a Coffee Express bar. The luggage room is open from 7:00 to 19:00 (break 11:00 - 12:00).
How to get around
What see
- 1 Arch of Triumph (Дальнем Востоке). Built in honor of Tsar Nicholas II's visit to the city, who visited Vladivostok in 1891. It is a stone arch with four pillars that was destroyed in 1927. At the end of 2002 the monument was raised to its original form.
- 2 Golden Bridge. The huge suspension bridge was built in the years 2008-12. The walkway on the bridge is closed but can be traveled by bus. The deck offers great views of the city and the bay.
Events and parties
What to do
Shopping
How to have fun
Where to eat
Average prices
- 1 Supra, Ulitsa Admirala Fokina, 1 б.
Mon-Sun 11: 00-00: 00. Georgian restaurant.
Mon-Sun 11: 00-00: 00. Georgian restaurant.High prices
- Zuma, Fontannaya Ulitsa, 2, ☎ 7 423 222-26-66. Mon-Sun 11: 00-02: 00. Seafood restaurant. Reservation required.
Where stay
Safety
How to keep in touch
Around
Other projects
Wikipedia contains an entry concerning Vladivostok
Commons contains images or other files on Vladivostok
Wikiquote contains quotes from or on Vladivostok
