| Delphi Δελφοί | ||
 | ||
| State | Greece | |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Phocis | |
| Altitude | 570 m a.s.l. | |
| Surface | 1,122 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 26 992 (2001) | |
| Prefix tel | 30 22650 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 330 54 | |
| Time zone | UTC 2 | |
Position
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| Institutional website | ||
Delphi is a center of the Phocis, region of the Central Greece.
In this city you usually stay for one night, since the real reason for a visit is related to the archaeological site.
To know
The municipality is located next to the ruins of ancient Delphi and its economy is based on its proximity to the archaeological site, a cultural tourist destination.
In ancient times it was the site of the most important oracle of the god Apollo. Delphi was revered throughout the Greek world as the site of the stone óμφαλός (omphalos), the center of the universe. In the interior ἑστία (hestia), or hearth, of the Temple of the Delphic Apollo, a άσβεστος φλόγα (eternal flame) burned. After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought the new fire from the hearth of Greece, to Delphi; in the founding histories of several Greek colonies, the founding settlers were initially dedicated to Delphi.
Background
The importance of Delphi in antiquity is difficult to underestimate. Built in the 9th century BC, the Sanctuary of Apollo is built on the ruins of a culturally significant Mycenaean settlement (from the 15th - 12th centuries BC). In ancient times, Delphi was the center of the world. In mythology, Zeus he raised two eagles at the ends of the world, and the place where they met was Delphi. The site was marked byOmphalos (stone of the navel of the world) at the Temple of Apollo. According to another legend, Apollo killed the dragon Python. This protected the crevice, from which the vapors rose, where people could plunge into a trance and predict the future. After Apollo took possession of the place, he moved the priestess Pythia with the task of announcing the famous oracles in his name. The oracle established the immense importance of Delphi in ancient times. From all over the (ancient) world rulers and army leaders traveled to Delphi to predict their future. This made Delphi an important political center and gave priests great power to direct destinies through the interpretation of oracles. Later (from the 6th century BC), the barbarians (non-Greeks) began to consult the oracle. With increasing importance, growing tensions also arose in and around Delphi.
In addition to the oracle, Delphi was also the seat of the Pythian Games, which were held every four years. Today the treasures of the various polis (city-states) testify to the significance of these events. They measured themselves in various sports disciplines, but also in various arts such as music, singing, dance and theater. After all, Apollo was the divine patron of these arts. In the 2nd century BC, the Romans took over the domain of Delphi, but declared by the Senate of Rome as a formally independent place. In 86 BC on sacked by the Roman general Silla. Three years later, when the Thracians conquered Delphi, according to legend, the holy flame that had been burning for centuries is said to have gone out. A last golden age of Delphi was there in the 2nd century AD. under the emperor Adriano before 392 A.D. was closed to worship by the Byzantine emperor Theodosius.
Delphi disappeared from history and reappeared in 1892 when French archaeologists began excavating the site. The small and insignificant village that was then on the ruins was moved without further delay. The first excavation lasted until 1903. Many others followed, the most recent in the 1990s.
Today the Delphi site belongs administratively to the municipality of Amfissa.
How to orient yourself
Delphi: full screen map.The town of Delphi develops along the main road, except for a few blocks. The archaeological site and museum are 10 minutes away. This shows how the dimensions are particularly small and the site very accessible.
The main roads that can be traveled along one way or the other are home to all the hotels and restaurants, while the highest part of Delphi is the residential and less touristy area.
How to get
By plane
The nearest airport is the international airport Eleftherios Venizelos of Athens.
By car
Delphi is located north of the Gulf of Corinth, at the foot of the Parnassus Mountains. The small town is only crossed by one road (number 48). From Athens there are two ways to get to Delphi by car. Or choose the highway 
(also known as 
direction My and then turn to Thebes on the state road 
to Livadia and then continue on 
up to Delphi. Alternatively, you can also leave Athens from the west towards Corinth off the highway 
and then turn a Eleusis on towards Mandra and Thebes. In terms of time from Athens you should calculate about 3 hours.
From the east (e.g. from Patras) the path leads from Lepanto along the coast from the state road Street Itea in Delphi. For the 110-kilometer route, you should expect an hour and a half to two hours. From the north you can come from My on the state road and then on 
. From Lamia the distance is about 100 kilometers.
On the train
The nearest station is located at Livadeia about 50 km away.
By bus
There are several companies that offer day trips from Athens in Delphi, with prices ranging from 80 € to 100 €. To save money, you can easily organize your day trip using Athens intercity buses. The trip takes about 3 hours. One-way fare: € 15.10. The seats are numbered. Buses depart from the terminus KTEL Liosion at No. 260 of Liosion Street (see Athens # By_bus). It is recommended that you buy your bus tickets (round trip) to Delphi one day in advance, so that you can be sure that they are not sold out and that you can find the bus terminal in time. Daily schedules to Delphi from Athens: 07:30, 09:30, 10:30, 13:00, 15:30, 17:30, 20:00 (only on Fridays and Sundays) Return: 05:30 (not Saturdays and Sunday), 07:15 (Saturday and Sunday only), 09:00 (not Sunday), 11:00, 16:00, 18:00. For more consult the bus schedule.
Other buses depart from Patras, Thessaloniki is Livadia where is the nearest train station. The 1 terminus in Delphi is located a short distance from the archaeological area.
How to get around
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Delphi is small enough that walking is the only means of transportation required. The museum and the archaeological site are both within walking distance of the city, there is also a dedicated sidewalk although it does not cover the more distant archaeological areas.
By public transport
There is the possibility of taking a rubberized train that allows you to visit the city and move to the archaeological areas.
By taxi
Taxis are readily available in the city.
- 2 Taxi point, ☎ 30 22650 82000.
By car
Some parking spaces are located directly at the archaeological site and in the museum, but these are quickly occupied during the tourist season. It is not a problem to park in the village itself, although in periods of greater tourist influx the nearby parking can be a problem. In the summer months, Delphi is regularly blocked. Since local transit can take up to half an hour by car.
What see
Those who come to Delphi obviously do so for the archaeological site and the museum which have a single ticket. However, we must consider the opening hours a bit tight. Only during the summer the site is open until 20:00. It's always best to arrive early or stay somewhere nearby the night before as the museum and site are filled with schoolchildren and tour groups from 10am.
Delphi sanctuary
The sanctuary was the sacred area of Delphi enclosed by the wall of the temenos, in which almost all the buildings are collected. The area is located in a higher position than the other areas of Delphi.
1 Temple of Apollo. The temple consisted of 6x15 Doric columns. According to the descriptions of the time there must have been the inscription "know thyself". In this place, precisely in the adyton placed curiously under the temple, there was a sort of crypt where the Pythia emitted her oracles sitting on a tripod hit by vapors. Here Apollo spoke to the Pythia and gave the often obscure responses. In this temple, the winning athletes of the Pythian games were also awarded every four years with a laurel wreath. Next to the temple (to the right of the altar going up the sacred way) various dedications by the winners are engraved, among which that of the Tyrant of Syracuse stands out Hieron I. who personally won a chariot race.
- The temple has had a troubled history, built on the basis of pre-existing older temples dating back to the Mycenaean era. The current temple is that of the 4th century BC. place of many pilgrimages precisely for an oracular consultation until 390 AD when the emperor Theodosius had it closed, declaring it a pagan place and activity.
- 2 Altar of Apollo (Altar of Chios) (In front of the temple of Apollo). Located in front of the Temple of Apollo, the main altar of the sanctuary was paid for and built by the people of Chios. It is dated to the 5th century BC. from the inscription on its frame. Made entirely of black marble, except for the base and cornice, the altar would have made a big impact. It was restored in 1920.
- 3 Halos (The space in front of the Stoa of the Athenians). Halos was a round open space near the temple of Apollo, where ancient rituals were performed. One of them was the Septerion, in which Apollo's death of Python was ritually recalled, which took place once every eight years.
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- 4 Bouleuterion (Next to the treasury of the Athenians). The bouleterion is a building where the political issues and problems of a city were discussed. The shape is generally semicircular, resulting in a sarota of a small local parliament. The structure of the Delphi bouleterion remains, albeit incomplete.
- 5 Prytaneum.
- 6 Delphi Theater. The theater dates back to the 4th century BC. and it was the place where the theatrical activities and the recitation of poems took place during the Pythian Games. It could hold up to 5000 spectators. It underwent restorations until Roman times, then it fell into neglect. Today it presents several problems of a static nature due to the slippery ground.
- From the theater there is an exceptional view over the entire site of Delphi.
- 7 Sanctuary of Dionysus (Next to the theater).
- 8 Sanctuary of Gaea (Between the polygonal wall, under the temple of Apollo, behind the bouleterion).
- 9 Sanctuary of Neoptolemus (Between the Monument of the Thessalians and the stoa of Attalus).
- 10 Lesche of the Cnids. It was a meeting room built between 475 and 460 BC. by the inhabitants of Cnidus. Today the building is hard to read.
- 11 Stoa of the Athenians (Under the temple of Apollo). Located close to the polygonal wall, it was built between 478 BC. and 470 BC with a dedication linked to one of the successes of the Persian wars by the Athenians. It consisted of a sloping roof and a long colonnade.
- 12 Stoa of Attalus.
- 13 Western Stoa (Stoà degli Etoli). The stoa placed outside the sacred area of Delphi bounded by the temenos walls. Little remains of the building.
- 14 Treasury of the Athenians (next to the bouleterion). This Doric building was rebuilt in the early twentieth century thanks to funding from the municipality of Athens and for this reason it is among the best preserved. The decorations are kept in the Delphi Museum and represent scenes from mythology that stylistically highlight the transition from archaic to classical representation.
- 15 Treasure of the Siphnians (along the sacred way, near the treasure of the megarese and Sicyon). Of this building dated between 530-525 BC. very little remains on site, except for some remains in the archaeological museum of Delphi. It is known that the entrance columns were in the shape of a caryatid and that the entire building was decorated with rich bas-reliefs in part saved.
- 16 Treasure of Sicyon (along the sacred way, next to the Treasury of the Aetolians). This building is actually the superposition of several buildings whose construction began in the sixth century BC. with a tholos (a circular building) erected following the First Sacred War. A monopterous temple follows and finally the treasure, of which the foundations remain today.
- 17 Treasure of the Aeolians.
- 18 Boeotia treasure (along the sacred way, next to the Treasury of the Potidea and the megaresi). Little remains of this building as well, it was identified thanks to the inscriptions found. The dating traces it back to 525 BC.
- 19 Treasure of the Cnids (next to the bouleterion). The building resembled that of the Sifni, it too had statues of caryatids at the entrance and many decorations. However it was a bit smaller. Today almost nothing remains.
- 20 Treasury of Corinth. The oldest building among the treasures was built around 600 BC. by the Corinthian tyrant Cipselo who gave it to Delphi. The treasure is located in front of the area, where there was the oldest sacred space where Gaea, the earth, the first keeper of the Oracle, was venerated. It is in this treasure that some of Croesus's offerings were deposited after the temple was burned in 546 BC.
- 21 Treasure of Cyrene (Next to the prytaneum, along the temenos wall, in the eastern part). The treasury was probably built as a token of gratitude for a large endowment of grain offered to the inhabitants of Delphi during a time of famine. This turns out to be the later building of the complex, in fact it is dated to 334-322 BC. about. Today it is hard to read.
- 22 Treasure of the Megarians (near the Sifni Treasury). The building was recognized thanks to the inscriptions that spoke of the citizens of megara. It has a trapezoidal base. It is from the 4th century BC. and in the 70s it was renovated.
- 23 Treasure of the Potidea (Near the Treasury of Boeotia and that of the Athenians).
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- 24 Treasure of the Thebans (Next to the Treasury of Boeotia and that of the Sifni). This building of which only a few aligned stones remain was dedicated by the Thebans for their victory against the Lacedaemonians at Leuctra in 371 BC.
- 25 Rock of the Delphic Sibyl (Between the bouleterion and the polygonal wall under the temple of Apollo). The Rock of the Sibyl is a pulpit-like outcrop of rock between the Athenian Treasury and the Stoa of the Athenians on the sacred way leading to the temple of Apollo in the archaeological area of Delphi. It is said to be the place where an ancient Sibyl dating back to the Pythia of Apollo sat to make her prophecies.
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- 26 Column of Prusia II (Next to the temple of Apollo). This column is actually an ex voto which contained the statue of King Prusia II on top. An inscription that also allowed the identification of the monument read: "For King Prusia, son of King Prusia, the Aetolian League for his virtues and the graces he bestowed on them."
- 27 Column of Emilio Paolo (Next to the temple of Apollo).
- 28 Column of Naxos.
- 29 Serpentine column of Platea. This column is a copy of the one currently in the Istanbul museum. In turn, an identical copy is present in the hippodrome square also in Istanbul. The original was placed in Delphi after the battle of Plataea in 479 BC. against the Persians. In 324 it was the Emperor Constantine who moved it and has remained there ever since. Originally this bronze column featured three snakes in three directions. Today remains the memory of its original location.
- 30 Monument of the Thessalians (Votive Daochos).
- 31 Krateros Monument.
- 32 Chariot of Rhodes.
- 33 Exedra of the Kings of Argos. Semicircular building specular to the exedra of the followers of which many parts still stand.
- 34 Exedra of the Epigoni. Semicircular building with an inscription at the bottom that mirrors the exedra of the kings of Argos.
- 35 Votive altar of Taras.
- 36 Votive altars of Athens, Arcadia, Argos and Sparta.
- 37 Bull of Corcira. On this platform there was the Corcira Bull exhibited at the Delphi Museum.
- 38 Wall of the Temenos. It is the wall that distinguished the sacred area from the outside of the sanctuary of Delphi and runs in a straight line.
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- 39 Roman Agora of Delphi (The first monument you come across upon entering the site). It was a square from the Roman era in which there were probably shops where ex-votos for the oracle could be bought. It is located outside the temenos.
- 40 Sacred way. It was the gateway, as it is today, to the sanctuary of Delphi.
- 41 Delphi stadium (At the highest point of the Delphi site (not present in the schematic map on the side)). The stadium was the place where the Pythian games took place, an event similar to that of Olympia. Athletic competitions, perhaps even musical, took place here. The stadium was built in the second half of the 4th century BC. and turns out to be one of the best preserved in Greece. The stands with the steps and the starting line with aligned stone blocks are clearly visible.
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- 42 Omphalos (Navel of the world). In addition to the omphalos that was present in the cave of the Pythia and which today is in the archaeological museum, along the sacred way there is this other and stylized form. According to tradition, but also according to myth, this was the stone thrown by Cronus when Zeus made his father drink a poison with which he freed the brothers swallowed by his father. The first thing he rejected was the very stone given by Rhea in place of his newborn son. The stone arrived in Delphi, precisely in the place of union between men and divinities.
- 43 Dedicatory inscription of Hieron I. At the base of this old column there is a dedicatory inscription of the tyrant of Syracuse Ierone I following one of his victories at the Olympic games, to which Pindar also dedicated odes.
Delphi stadium
The Omphalos
Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia
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This sanctuary is located a little apart from the sanctuary of Delphi, just go along the main street. It contains both the temple of Athena and the famous tholos.
- 44 Temple of Athena Pronaia (In the side map with n ° 1). The temple of Athena Pronaia has undergone various constructive and destructive phases. The first temple dates back to the 6th century BC, it was destroyed, perhaps by an earthquake and rebuilt in the same spot (to the right of the Tholos). Finally a third temple, the so-called temple C or new temple, was built to the left of the Tholos and dates back to the 4th century BC.
- 45 New temple of Athena Pronaia (In the side map with n ° 2). This is the 4th century BC temple. that is the third temple rebuilt compared to the previous ones a short distance from the original.
- 46 Tholos of Delphi (In the side map with n ° 3). Built between 380 and 370 BC. this famous circular temple of the Doric order was part of the sanctuary dedicated to Athena.
- 47 Treasure of Massalia (In the side map with n ° 4). The Massalia treasury is a building located next to the tholos. It was the place where the treasures of Massalia, today's city of Marseille. From the reconstruction of the temple sponsored by the city of Marseille in 2013, we note the fact that the capitals were aeolian, i.e. an order that precedes the Ionic one. In addition to various decorations similar to those of a Greek temple.
- 48 Treasure of the golds (In the side map with n ° 5).
- 49 Temenos of heroes (In the side map with n ° 6).
- 50 Altar of Athena Pronaia (In the side map with n ° 7).
- 51 Altar of Hygieia and Ilizia (In the side map with n ° 8).
- 52 Archaic altar (In the side map with n ° 10).
Other monuments
- 53 Castalia source (Halfway between Marmaria and the sanctuary of Delphi.). In this source the pilgrims (but also the priests of Delphi) purified themselves before entering the sacred enclosure thus propitiating the rite of the pythia. There are two sources whose waters come from Mount Parnassus, an archaic one from the 4th century BC. and the other from the Roman period and cited by various authors. The source takes its name from a nymph who was chased by Apollo who, in order to escape, threw herself into a source of Parnassus. Another myth says that it was Apollo himself who turned it into a source.
- 54 Delphi gymnasium (Gymnasium) (Between the Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia and the Castalia spring.). The Gymnasium dates back to the 4th century BC. and a pre-existing church on the structure was unearthed. The upper part included a 186 m portico with 83 columns.
- 55 Delphi gymnasium (Inside the gymnasium.). The gymnasium is located on the lower level of the gymnasium terrace. It included several rooms such as changing rooms and even bathrooms, identifiable with the circular structure. The water came directly from the Castalia source and in later times hot water was also provided.
- 55 Delphi gymnasium (Inside the gymnasium.). The gymnasium is located on the lower level of the gymnasium terrace. It included several rooms such as changing rooms and even bathrooms, identifiable with the circular structure. The water came directly from the Castalia source and in later times hot water was also provided.
- 56 Archaeological Museum of Delphi (Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Δελφών), ☎ 30 22650 82313, 30 22650 82312, fax: 30 22650 82966, @[email protected].
12 € full price, 6 € reduced price (Feb 2018), from 1st November to 31st March reduced price by half.. 
9:00-16:00. This museum is one of the most important in Greece due to the presence of many important finds that attest to the history of the site and the oracular cult. Divided into 14 rooms according to a chronological criterion, exhibits such as a gold statue of a bull, chryselephantine torsos, friezes of various treasures, the imposing sphinx of the Naxians, several statues from the Hellenistic and Roman periods, the famous omphalos as well as thecharioteer of Delphi in bronze.
12 € full price, 6 € reduced price (Feb 2018), from 1st November to 31st March reduced price by half.. 
9:00-16:00. This museum is one of the most important in Greece due to the presence of many important finds that attest to the history of the site and the oracular cult. Divided into 14 rooms according to a chronological criterion, exhibits such as a gold statue of a bull, chryselephantine torsos, friezes of various treasures, the imposing Events and parties
What to do
The Delphi region is typically the Greek countryside: mountainous, with narrow streets. It is great for hiking and biking, especially in spring and autumn, as summer is very hot. Some hostels rent bicycles.
- 1 Polytropon Art (Polytropon Art Ceramic Art workshop), Athanasiou Diakou 45, ☎ 30 6986108710, @[email protected]. Polytropon Art is a ceramic art workshop founded in Delphi in 1986. Specializing in museum copies of Greek ceramics, the result is authentic and diverse works, which are simultaneously decorative and useful objects for everyday life, as the raw materials used for the construction they are completely natural, non-toxic and food safe.
- Polytropon Art also organizes a limited number of Ancient Greek pottery courses each year. Classes take place in the workshop and are open to anyone interested in learning about Greek pottery, from beginners to advanced potters.
Shopping
Delphi has a few grocery stores where you can purchase all your daily necessities for a slightly higher price. These are small shops with only essential products, no supermarkets.
There are of course countless souvenir shops selling postcards, T-shirts, statues and other souvenirs.
How to have fun
Where to eat
Moderate prices
- 1 Melopoleio, 14 Vasilevn Pavlou. Excellent coffee shop for breakfasts with croissants and cakes. Prices a bit high, perhaps due to the central location. Possibility to sit outside.
Average prices
- 2 DION Tavern, Apollonos 30, ☎ 30 2265 082790. Greek restaurant with outdoor seating on a staircase. Great food and affordable prices. To try.
Where stay
Many of the hotels in Delphi are a bit run down as most guests only stay for one night before visiting the archaeological sites. Tourists in groups are the main source of income and prices start at 20 euros per night. Most mid-range hotels charge 50-70 euros per night for a double room. Hotels are easily booked on weekends and public holidays (e.g. Easter). Arachova and Galaxidi are less than 30 minutes away and good options for avoiding too many tourists.
Moderate prices
- 1 Fedriades Hotel, 46 V.Pavlou & Friderikis str., ☎ 30 22650 82370. The Hotel has some of the rooms overlooking the Corinthian Gulf and the olive groves of Itéa
- 2 Orfeas Hotel, 35 Iphigenias Singrou St., ☎ 30 2265 082077. Budget hotel just at the top of the hill in the main town. Clean rooms, with doubles available for solo travelers for 20 euros, with bathroom. No wireless, breakfast available for extra.
- 3 Delphi Camping (4 km from Delphi, towards Itea. Immediately after the bridge in the direction of Crisso. The campsite is on the right after 500m.), ☎ 30 22650 082209, fax: 30 22650 82363, @[email protected]. 7-10 € (Mar 2018). Warm welcome. Located on the southern flank of Mount Parnassus, its view looks directly over a sea of olive trees and the Gulf of Corinth, which separates the Peloponnese from mainland Greece. Open from March to October.
- 4 Chrissa camping, Chrisso (6 km from Delphi, towards Itea.), ☎ 30 22650 82050, fax: 30 22650 83148, @[email protected]. 7-10 € (Mar 2018). Open all the year.
- 5 Sybilla hotels, Friderikis 9 (Located on the lower public road no. 9 at the eastern end of the city), ☎ 30 2265 082335. 24 € (Mar 2018). The rooms are clean, but a little old and poorly soundproofed. Facilities include television and bathroom, but not air conditioning.
- 6 Athina Hotel, Vasileos Paylou & Freiderikis 55, ☎ 30 2265 082239. 40 € (Mar 2018). Also located on the lower public road (n ° 55), the hotel offers clean and nice rooms with private bathroom.
- 7 Epic room, Vasileos Pavlou & Freiderikis 7, ☎ 306973057225. 33 € (Apr 2018). Very central, not far from the archaeological sites, balconies with a wonderful view of the sea.
Average prices
- 8 Leto Hotel, 15 Apollonos str, ☎ 30 22650 82302. 800 meters from the archaeological site. It is a modern hotel overlooking the city of Itea and the Corinthian gulf.
Safety
The nearest hospital is located in Anfissa.
- Police, ☎ 30 22650 82222.
- Pharmacy, ☎ 30 22650 82700.
How to keep in touch
Post office
- 3 Post Office (Ελληνικά Ταχυδρομεία (ΕΛΤΑ)), Friderikis 26, ☎ 30 2265 082376.
Keep informed
- Delphi bus info, ☎ 30 22650 82230, 30 210 8317096 (Athens office).
Around
Visit the ski resort of Arachova and also the Mount Parnassus especially during the winter season for skiing. If you have your own car go up Galaxidi, a traditional Greek seaside town about 40 minutes away, or Itéa.
- 57 Ossios Loukas monastery (Ὅσιος Λουκᾶς) (36 km from Delphi, about 50 min by car.), ☎ 30 21 3052 2228, fax: 30 2267021164, 30 22670 21305. 10:00-17:00. It is a beautiful World Heritage monastery famous for its relics and splendid mosaics.
Other projects
Districts and neighborhoods of the Center: Omonia | Syntagma | Acropolis | Psirì | Exarcheia | Plaka | Monastiraki | Gkazi | Thisio | Kolonaki
Districts on the waterfront: Paleo Faliro | Alymos | Glyfada | Vari-Voula-Vouliagmeni | Varkiza. Northern districts: Kifisià | Amarousio | Ports: Piraeus | Rafina | Laurium - Surroundings: Eleusis | Mount Parnitha. - Excursions: (1)Saronic Islands (Salamis | Aegina | Angistri | Poros | Hydra | Spetses). (2)Coast of Poseidon. (3) Coast ofAtticaOriental (Marathon, Nea Makri). (4)Delphi is Mount Parnassus.