Ząbkowicki Poviat - a district in the south-west Poland, in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, created in 1999, the administrative reform. Its seat is in the city Ząbkowice Śląskie. The county lies between The Bardo Mountains, Owlish and Golden, and the Niemczańsko-Strzelinskie Hills, is crossed by Nysa Kłodzka.
Information
Geographical coordinates of the district capital: 50 ° 35′29.07 ″ N 16 ° 48′45.87 ″ E
The geographical and historical region located in the Sudeckie Przedgórze has a very rich history: the main towns of this area were, from the earliest times, the city Ziębice - the seat of the Dukes of Ziębice and Ząbkowice Śląskiewhich administratively and economically influenced the surrounding villages.
The convenient location makes the Ząbkowice poviat an important element in the system of European connections: distance from Of Warsaw and Of Berlin is about 350 km, from Prague and Dresden about 280 km, from Brno and Krakow about 250 km; down Bristles, Vienna and Bratislava there is little more than 400 km to Gdansk about 600 km.
The poviat consists of:
- urban-rural communes: Bardo, Ząbkowice Śląskie, Ziębice, Złoty Stok
- rural communes: Heat pipes, Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, Stoszowice
- cities: Bardo, Ząbkowice Śląskie, Ziębice, Złoty Stok
Geography
The Ząbkowicki Poviat is located in the south-eastern part of the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship, bordering on the west with Kłodzko poviat, Dzierżoniów and Strzelinski on the north, Nyskie in in the Opolskie Voivodeship in the east and Czechs on the south. The main river flowing through the district is Nysa Kłodzka.
According to the data from January 1, 2009, the area of the Ząbkowice poviat is 801.75 km² and is inhabited by 68 374 people, so the population density is 85.28 people / km².
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Demography
31 353 people live in cities (urbanization 45%), including 16 630 women, 38 291 people in rural areas, including 19 386 women.
History
Due to the favorable climate, fertile soil and location near important trade routes, including the so-called the amber trail the areas of the present Ząbkowice poviat have been inhabited since the early Middle Ages by the Polish population, as evidenced by the numerous names of knights and peasants, as well as the names of places appearing in Book of Henrykow from the 13th century
Around 990, the area of Ząbkowice Land was incorporated along with the entire area Silesia to the state of Mieszko I. After the division Polish to the districts by the testament of Bolesław III the Wrymouth, it was part of the Silesian district, granted to the eldest son of the ruler - Władysław II the Exile who, after a conflict with his younger brothers, had to flee to German, and after some time his sons returned to Silesia: Bolesław Wysoki and Mieszko Plątonogi, who divided the district into two principalities. The land of Ząbkowice got to the first of them and became part of the Duchy of Wrocław. His great-grandson Henryk IV Probus is credited with founding Ząbkowice Śląskie.
After Probus's death in 1290, the Ząbkowice land came under the rule of his relative - Bolek I the Raw, who died in 1301, and the territory of his principality was divided in 1322 after a short period of co-rule by his sons. The Duchy of Ziębice was established, which covered virtually the entire area of the contemporary Ząbkowice poviat. Its first ruler was Prince Bolko II of Ziębice.
In the years 1327-1329, the Czech king John of Luxembourg forced most of the Silesian princes, including the ruler of Ziębice, to pay a feudal homage. Bolko II initially tried to resist the intentions of the Czech king, but eventually succumbed to his onslaught and in 1336 paid him a feudal homage.
From the very beginning, the rule of the Ziębice Piasts was not successful for the region and their principality was one of the poorest in Silesia. The subject of their pledges were, inter alia, Ząbkowice Śląskie, which in 1351 were sold to the Czech king for 6,000 Prague groszes. In the same year, Ząbkowice became the capital of the then established municipal district (German Weichbild Frankenstein), which was the prototype of the independent poviat of Ząbkowice established in the 18th century.
In 1428, after the death of the last prince, Jan Ziębicki, who died in battles with the Hussites, the principality was incorporated directly into the Bohemian Crown, and another urban district was created in Ziębice, which also included the surrounding villages.
In 1454, the principality and Ząbkowice were bought by Jerzy of Podiebrady, governor and governor of Bohemia, who later became the Czech king. From that moment until 1569, a dynasty ruled there with some breaks Podebrady. Its most outstanding representative was Karol I Podiebradowicz (1511-1536), who moved the seat of the principality to Ząbkowice, where he began building the first Renaissance Castle in Silesia in Ząbkowice Śląskie.
In 1569, the principality came under direct Czech rule again. On May 30, 1570, the states of the Duchy of Ząbkowice deposed Prague a feudal tribute to Emperor Maximilian II Habsburg, for which he rewarded them by giving them a national constitution, in which he ensured the observance of all existing privileges and promised that they would never be pledged or sold. The principality was to be administered by an appointed starost on behalf of the ruler. Henryków and Kamieniec, four representatives of the local knights and two representatives of townspeople from Ziębice and Ząbkowice. The emperor also established an official seal with the coat of arms of the Duchy (district) of Ziębice and the district of Ząbkowice.
In 1740, the Prussian army, under the direct command of King Frederick II the Great, unexpectedly occupied Silesia, starting the Silesian wars that lasted until 1763. Under the Treaty of Wrocław of June 11, 1742, most of Silesia (including the Ząbkowice Land) and the Kłodzko Land were incorporated into Prussia.
The Prussian authorities began reorganizing the administration dating back to the Middle Ages, dividing the existing principalities into counties. In the Duchy of Ziębice, the Ząbkowicki Poviat (Frankenstein Landkreis) and the Ziębice poviat (Landkreis Muensternberg) whose boundaries coincided with the existing urban districts.
This state of affairs lasted until 1932, and on November 1, 1932, the so-called Great Ząbkowicki Poviat.
The Ząbkowicki Poviat was taken over by the Soviet troops in May 1945. At the end of that month, the Polish administration started operating here, and in December of the same year the poviat starosty office was established.
The Ząbkowicki Poviat within the boundaries almost unchanged from before World War II, being part of the Wrocław voivodeship, existed until 1975, when as a result of the administrative reform large voivodeships and poviats were liquidated, replacing them with a two-tier division: commune-voivodeship. The land of Ząbkowice was within the borders of the Wałbrzych Province. The new division brought with it the marginalization of the Ząbkowice land located on the outskirts of the voivodeship and the degradation of Ząbkowice Śląskie, which from a center of regional importance became only the seat of one of the communes.
From the beginning of the 1990s, work was carried out on a new administrative reform of the Republic of Poland, which, after stormy debates, was completed in 1998 with the reactivation of poviats in Poland. In accordance with the original assumptions of the government of Jerzy Buzek, the Ząbkowice poviat was restored within the borders before 1975. The reform came into force on January 1, 1999.
Tourism
Walking trails in the district of Ząbkowice
- Bardo - Złoty Stok - Radochów (green),
- Kłodzka Pass - Bardo - Srebrna Góra - Woliborska Pass (section of the European Long-Distance Trail E3 Atlantic - Black Sea) (blue),
- Srebrna Góra - Woliborska Pass (red),
- Srebrna Góra - Nowa Wieś Kłodzka (red),
- around the Silver Mountain (yellow),
- Kamieniec Ząbkowicki - Ożary (blue),
- Ząbkowice Śl. - Tąpadła Pass (green),
- Ząbkowice Śl. - Silver Pass (green),
- Ząbkowice Śl. - Henryków - Zakrzowskie Wąwozy (blue),
- Ziębice - Chałupki - Paczków (yellow),
- Ziębice - Zakrzowskie Gorges (red),
- Błotnica - Złoty Stok - Jawornik Wielki (section of the Main Trail of the Sudeten Mountains named after M. Orłowicz Świeradów - Paczków) (red),
- Złoty Stok - Chwalisław - Bystrzyca Kłodzka (black),
- Bardo - Ząbkowice Śląskie - Stolec - Kamieniec Ząbkowicki Railway Station (yellow).
Bike trails
Ziemia Ząbkowicka is a place where you will have a great time on "two wheels", regardless of whether you are starting your adventure with a bicycle or looking for demanding, even extremely difficult MTB routes. There are approx. 450 km of marked bicycle routes:
- EuroVelo 9 - also known as the Amber Route (R9)
One of the 12 pan-European, long-distance cycling routes - EuroVelo 9 from Gdańsk to Pula in Croatia, about 40 km long runs through the area of Ziemia Ząbkowice (Grodziszcze - Rudnica - Jemna - Srebrna Góra - Mikołajów - Brzeźnica - Potworów - Przyłęk - Kamieniec Ząbkowicki - Śrem - Poplar - Mud).
- European Cistercian Route (ER 8)
The 45 km long route starts in Henryków and leads through Ziębice, Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, Suszka, Bardo and Opolnica. Then it enters the area of the Kłodzko poviat
- "Between Gold and Silver" route (section of the Route of Underground Attractions of the Glacensis Euroregion)
A bicycle route approx. 45 km long. It leads from Złoty Stok through Mąkolno, Ożary, Dzbanów, Przyłęk, Potworów, Brzeźnica to Srebrna Góra, and then through Jemna, Kolonia Grodziszcze towards the underground attractions of the Sowie Mountains. MTB routes have been marked out in the area of the Złote, Bardzkie and Sowie Mountains. The great advantage of these areas is forest, wide, gravel paths, cutting into deep ravines. There are also technical, winding, rocky sections with varied profiles.
As a starting point, I propose one of the three "bicycle cities": Złoty Stok, Bardo or Srebrna Góra. We will find there accommodation of various standards and additional attractions attracting many tourists to the Ząbkowice Land. The Gold Mine and the Forest Adventure Park - Skalisko in Złoty Stok, the picturesque Nysa Kłodzka Gorge in Bardo and the monumental complex of mountain fortifications known as the Srebrna Góra Fortress - are places that are always worth visiting. You can also stay in one of the dozen or so agritourism farms located in picturesque mountain villages.
Winter ski runs
- "Wokół Ostrogu" (green), 2.1 km long - start from the Mała Przełęcz Silver.
- "Around Donżon" (red), 3.4 km long, start from the Mała Przełęcz Srebrna (ski and bicycle route).
- "Dziewięć Buków" (blue) - 5.5 km long - start from the Hanging Bridge along the upper Military Road - return along the lower Military Road (ski and bicycle route).
Adventure tourism in the Ząbkowice Land
- Unconventional Tourism Center in Srebrna Góra - www.srebrna.com
- Kortunal in Srebrna Góra - www.kortunal.com
- The Gold Mine in Złoty Stok - www.kopalniazlota.pl
- The "Skalisko" Forest Adventure Park in Złoty Stok - www.skalisko.eu
- Folwark Leszczynówka - www.leszczynowka.pl
tourist information
Poviat Tourist Information Center ul. St. Wojciecha 5/1 57-200 Ząbkowice Śląskie tel. 74 815 74 01 e-mail: [email protected] www.ziemiazabkowicka.pl Open Monday - Friday from 8.00 to 15.30
County website: http://www.zabkowice-powiat.pl/
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