Taiwan - Đài Loan

Taiwan is an island in East Asia, off the southeastern coast of Mainland China, to the south Japan and northern Philippines.

overview

The word "Taiwan" is also commonly used to refer to the territory administered by the state of the Republic of China (THDQ), including the islands of Taiwan (including Lan Tu and Luc Dao), the Penghu Islands in the strait. Taiwan, Kinmen, and Mazu are off the coast of Fujian, while the ROC also controls Taiping Island and the Dongsha Islands in the South China Sea.

Taiwan's main island was also referred to in some Western languages ​​as Formosa until the 1960s (Portuguese sailors called it Ilha Formosa, meaning "beautiful island"), bordered to the east by the island of Taiwan. bordering the Pacific Ocean, to the south by the South China Sea, to the west by the Taiwan Strait, and to the north by the East China Sea. The island is 394 km long and 144 km wide, consisting of many steep mountain ranges and covered with tropical and subtropical flora.

Taiwan is home to a large number of impressive scenic statues, and Taipei is a cultural center of recreational activities. The island is also a center of Chinese pop culture with a substantial entertainment industry. Taiwanese cuisine is also highly regarded.

The Japanese love short trips to pass and stay and indulge in hospitality. In recent years there is an increasing number of Chinese visiting Taiwan. Taiwan is home to a number of internationally renowned companies such as Acer, Asus, HTC, and Bicycle Giant, whose technology is among the most advanced in the world.

History

Taiwan has been populated by dozens of non-East Asian tribes for thousands of years. Written history begins with the colonization of part of Taiwan by the Dutch and then the Portuguese in the early 17th century. (The name Taiwan, Formosa, comes from the Portuguese Ilha Formosa "island". beautiful island".). Han Chinese immigrants came here in large numbers with the beginning of trade Europe. Although controlled by the Dutch, Ming loyalists Koxinga defeated the Dutch garrisons and established Taiwan as the remaining Ming Empire in hopes of reconquering colonial China. Bar. His son surrendered to the Qing in the late 1600s. Although contact between China and Taiwan dates back thousands of years, it was not until large numbers of Koreans arrived during the Qing dynasty that Taiwan was just officially annexed to the rest of China as part of Fujian province.

Taiwan became a separate province in 1885. Defeated by the Japanese, the Qing Empire ceded Taiwan to Japan under the terms of the 1895 treaty of Shimonoseki. Japan ruled the island all the way to Japan. until the end of World War II in 1945, and had a profound influence on its development. The island's entertainment and pop culture were and still are heavily influenced by Japan. Much of the Japanese-built infrastructure can still be seen on the islands today, and has been practically continuously used to this day (e.g. railroad crossings, buildings, etc.). administrative house, and the old port in Kaohsiung).

During the early 20th century, the Kuomintang (国民党) and the Communist Party fought a massive bloody civil war in mainland China. Although the two sides briefly united over Japan during World War II, they quickly began fighting again after the war ended. In the end, the Communists won in 1949. The Kuomintang government, the rest of their army, and hundreds of thousands of supporters then fled to Taiwan. From Taipei, they continue to assert their rights as the sole legitimate government of all of China. Initially very repressive, the government began to loosen its grip in the fourth decade under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek's son, Chiang Ching-kuo. Taiwan also experienced rapid economic growth and modernization under the leadership of Chiang Ching-kuo, becoming one of the richest and most modern economies in the world and earning Taiwan the title of one of the largest economies in the world. of the East Asian tigers. Taiwan remains a leading country in the consumer electronics industry and is home to well-known computer brands such as Acer, Asus, Garmin, Gigabyte and HTC. Democracy began in earnest through the 1980s and 1990s, culminating with the first direct presidential election in 1996, and the first peaceful transition of power between the two parties. politics in the year 2000.

Taiwan's political status is still dominated by relations between Taiwan and the People's Republic of China, China still declares Taiwan a "traitor province" and regularly threatens military action. if Taiwan self-declares secession. A current China status quo, where both sides agree that there is only one China, but disagree on whether this country is governed by China or the Republic of China. To summarize a very complicated situation, Pan-Lam () led by the Kuomintang favors eventual reunification with the mainland when politically appropriate, while Pan-Luc (泛绿) led by the Democratic Party the last pro-independence Progressive Master (DPP) under the name "Taiwan". The division extends down to trivial matters such as the Chinese national language - the Kuomintang prefers the mainland pinyin, the DPP prefers a Taiwanese-made version called the Common Pinyin - and mainstream protests Politics and protests, always volatile, on occasion even become violent.

Human

Taiwan was originally settled by indigenous tribes that spoke many Austronesian languages, related to Malaya, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Today the remaining tribes make up only about 2% of the population, while the other 98% are considered ethnic Han. The Han ethnic groups are again divided into Taiwanese, who make up about 84% of the population and whose culture has its roots in immigrants during the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as the mainland, who make up about approx. 14% of the population and family have fled to Taiwan from the mainland after the communist takeover of China in 1949. Among the Taiwanese groups, the Hoklo (Minnan) speakers make up the majority, about 70% of the population. , the remaining 14% are mostly Hakka or Hakka speakers. There is also a sizable Japanese community, with many members working in the entertainment industry.

It should be noted that the Taiwanese (who make up 84% of Taiwan's population and Chinese culture) are to a large extent the descendants of immigrants from the mainland in recent centuries, who married native. As a result, the genetic composition of the Taiwanese is noticeably different from that of the mainland. In recent years there have also been migrant workers Vietnam, Indonesia and the Philippines live in harmony with other ethnic minorities in Asia as well as mainland Chinese immigrants. As for the 14 million post-1949 immigrants, they came from all over the provinces and included many non-Han residents.

Geography

The island of Taiwan is located about 180 kilometers from the southeast coast of mainland China across the Taiwan Strait. The island's area is 35,801 km² (13,822.8 mi²). The East China Sea lies to the north, the Philippine Sea to the west, the Luzon Strait to the south, and the South China Sea to the southwest. The island has a contrast between two-thirds of the territory, mainly in the east consisting mainly of rugged mountainous areas, with up to 5 mountain ranges running from north to south of the island. The delta is concentrated in the west and is also home to most of Taiwan's residents. The highest point in Taiwan is Ngoc Son with a height of 3,952 meters and 5 other mountains with an altitude of over 3,500 meters. Taiwan is ranked as the fourth tallest island in the world. Taroko National Park (Thai Cac Lo) located in the hills east of the island is a prime example of geology, the park has gorges and is eroded by a fast-flowing river.

Climate

Lowland Taiwan enjoys a tropical marine climate during hot, humid summers (above 30 °C, 86 °F) from June to September In winter the weather is influenced by the nearby continent, and in the northern areas the temperature can go as high as 8 °C at night. The best time of year to visit Taiwan is from October to December, although even then frequent typhoons can ruin your trip. Spring is also nice, although it rains more than in autumn. During the typhoon season, the east coast bears the brunt of the damage as Taiwan is facing the Pacific Ocean.

On the other hand, when you go into mountainous areas you will encounter milder temperature conditions. Rapid weather changes can be dangerous for unprepared travelers, so advice on proper preparation should be obtained before you visit such areas. In fact, there is snow every year on Taiwan's highest mountain and sometimes even on mountains like Alishan.

Region

City

• Taipei, Capital City
• Cao Hung, port city
• Taichung
• New Bac, the most populous city
• joint Flowers
• Tainan
• Keelung

Other destinations

Arrive

Vietnam establish a special diplomatic mechanism with Taiwan. Citizen Vietnam need to apply for a visa online, after the computer approves and agrees, prints the necessary documents to submit to Taiwan customs and get a visa on arrival. Visa validity is 30 days.[1]

By air

Taiwan's main airport is Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport near Taipei (台北), with Cao Hung (高雄) and has few international connections to Taichung and Hualien.

• Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport (台灣桃園國際機場) (formerly ) Chiang Kai-Shek International Airport ) [2] (TPE) is Taiwan's main international airport. It is located 40 km southwest of Taipei and has a well-connected transport network with cities Asia and North America. The airport has direct buses to Taipei, Taichung and other nearby cities. In addition, U-Bus company has buses connecting to Taoyuan Express Station (台灣高鐵桃園站) to take high-speed trains to Hsinchu (新竹), Taichung (台中), Chiayi (嘉義), Taiwan. Nam (台南), and Kaohsiung (高雄); and to Jhongli Transit Station (中壢), to connect the main tram line TRA (Taiwan Railways Administration 台灣鐵路管理局) and the southbound bus lines connecting Tainan, Hsinchu (新竹)...
• Songshan Airport (松山機場) [3] (TSA) in central Taipei mainly serves domestic flights and a few flights connecting to Mainland China.
• Kaohsiung Airport (高雄) [4] (FUCKING) has domestic and international flights. International flights only fly to cities Asia as well as mainland China.
• Taichung Airport (台中機場)(RMQ) serves domestic flights as well as international flights to Hong Kong and Vietnam through mainland China.
• Hualien Airport (花蓮機場)[5] (HUN) has domestic and international flights to Japan, Korea, and Macau.

By train

By car

By bus

By boat

Go

Language

Standard Mandarin (also known as Mandarin) is recognized as the official language of the Republic of China, which is spoken by the vast majority of the population. About 70% of the people of Taiwan are of Hokkien origin and they speak both Taiwanese (a dialect of Minnan) and Mandarin. Mandarin has been the predominant language of instruction in schools since Japan withdrew from the island in the 1940s. The Hakka group, which makes up about 15% of the population, speaks Hakka. Aboriginal groups mostly speak their native language, although most can also speak Mandarin. Aboriginal languages ​​do not belong to the Chinese or Sino-Tibetan language family, but belong to the Austronesian language family

Although Mandarin is the language of instruction in schools and dominates television and radio, other languages ​​or dialects have seen a resurgence in public life in Taiwan, mainly since the 1990s after language restrictions were relaxed. A large part of the population can speak Taiwanese, and many others can also understand the language to varying degrees. Old people who were educated during the Japanese occupation (1895-1945) can speak Japanese.

English is a common language in Taiwan, some large private schools have conducted instruction in English. English is compulsory in the curriculum when students enter primary school. English quite appreciated in Taiwanese schools

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