Japan - Nhật Bản

Japan (Chinese: 日本, Japanese: 日本国 Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku; Sino-Vietnamese: Japan, abbreviated as Japan) is an arc-shaped island country with a total area of ​​379,954 km². lying on the eastern side of the continent Asia, east of South Korea, Russia and China, stretching from the Sea of ​​Okhotsk in the north to the South China Sea in the south.

overview

Japan is in a temperate zone with four distinct seasons. Japan has 4 large islands in order from North to South: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu with thousands of surrounding small islands. Most islands in Japan have many mountains and volcanoes, such as Mount Fuji, the highest in Japan. Japan is the world's tenth largest country by population with an estimated 128 million people. The Tokyo Metropolitan Area, which includes the capital city of Tokyo and a few surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world with about 30 million people.

Japan is the top country Asia on science and technology. Considered an economic powerhouse, Japan is the third largest economy globally by gross domestic product as well as the third by purchasing power parity after the United States and the People's Republic of China. Flower; and is the 5th country in the world in the field of investment in defense; ranked 4th in the world in terms of exports and 6th in the world in terms of imports. The country is a member of the United Nations, G8, G4 and APEC.

History

• Since 15,000 BC, in Japan has been inhabited by humans.
• From 13,000 BC, the Japanese knew how to grow rice and make pottery.
• Since 300 BC, metal has been used.
• From the 3rd to the middle of the 6th century, the first states appeared. Shinto flourished throughout the country. Japan began to be called Yamato (Dai Hoa).
• From the 6th to the beginning of the 8th century, a centralized state was established and was based at Asuka (nearly ). Nara City nowadays). Country name changed from Yamato to Japan. Around this same time, the Japanese feudal state was established, with the Dai Hoa reform initiated by Emperor Kōtoku.
• In the middle of the 8th century, Buddhism has established a solid base in Japan.
• From the 9th century to the end of the 12th century, powerful aristocratic families in Heian took turns wielding the political power of the country, overwhelming the power of the Emperor. Towards the end of this period, the samurai class began to form and compete for power with the aristocratic clans.
• In the late 12th to early 14th centuries, the real power was in the hands of the martial arts class in Kamakura. In 1271 and 1281, Japanese martial artists with the help of typhoons and tsunamis defeated the navy Nguyen - Mong intend to invade his country.
• From the 14th century to the end of the 16th century, Japan was in a state of instability due to civil war and division, known as the Warring States Period. Japan also attacked the peninsula North Korea and the Ming Dynasty (China) during this period, but failed.
• After that, Japan had a period of steady implementation of the closed-door policy lasting three centuries under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate. Economy, culture and technology have strong development conditions. Westerners, started with people Netherlands, was allowed to trade with Japan through a small trading port.
• In the middle of the 19th century, with the Meiji Restoration initiated by Emperor Meiji, Japan completely opened up to the West. The shogunate and the domains headed by the Daimyōs were abolished, and power was concentrated supremely in the hands of the Emperor. In 1868, Emperor Meiji moved the capital from Kyoto about Tokyo. Industrialization took place strongly, the country developed, invaded Taiwan, Ryūkyū (Rykyū), defeated the Qing Dynasty, the Russian Empire in the Sino-Japanese War and Russo-Japanese War, invading Korea. According to the Constitution of the Empire of Japan promulgated in 1889, Japan is a constitutional monarchy with absolute authority of the Emperor, holding all legislative, executive and judicial powers, but the Constitution has also limited influence the power of the Emperor.
• During World War I, Japan sided with the Allies. In World War II, Japanese militarists sided with the Axis side with Italy and Nazi Germany. For the first time in history, in 1945, Japan failed and was subject to foreign occupation. The United States was in charge of the occupation of Japan, and to this day the US 7th Fleet is still stationed on the island Okinawa of Japan.
• After the war, Japan focused on economic development. From 1955 to 1970 the economy grew very rapidly. In the late 1960s, Japan completed industrialization and became a developed capitalist country. The first signs of economic stagnation after the oil crisis in the early 1970s. The bursting of the real estate bubble caused the economy to stagnate from 1990 to now.
• Entering the 21st century, Japan gives more priority to national policies to increase its political and military position in the international arena. Upgraded the National Defense Agency to the Ministry of National Defense in January 2007. Japan is also the place to live, where the origin of advanced science and technology stories stands in the top 3 countries in the world.

Geographic

Japan is a country with more than three thousand islands stretching along the Pacific Ocean Asia. The main islands running from north to south include Hokkaidō, Honshū (main island), Shikoku and Kyūshū. The Ryukyu Islands, including Okinawa, are a chain of islands south of Kyūshū. Together, it is commonly known as the "Japanese Archipelago". About 70%-80% of Japan's land area is mountainous, a geographical feature unsuitable for agriculture, industry, and habitation. This is due to the steep altitude, climate and landslide hazards caused by earthquakes, soft soil and heavy rain. This has resulted in very high population densities in the habitable zones, mainly in the strait regions. Japan is the 30th most densely populated country in the world.

Japan is a country with a landscape that is considered one of the most beautiful in the world, rated as one of the 10 most wonderful countries in the world (2010) and also represents Asia The only one on this list with four distinct seasons: spring with cherry blossoms blooming from south to north, summer green trees, Fall Maple leaves (momiji) crimson from north to south, winter pure white snow. Phu Si mountain (Fujisan) is the highest mountain in Japan, located in the middle of the plain snow covering the top of the mountain, is the inspiration of many writers and poets as well as of writers and artists, including photographers and painters from all over the world.

Climate

Japan's climate is largely temperate, but varies from north to south. Geographical features Japan can be divided into 6 main climate zones: Hokkaido: the northernmost region has a temperate climate with long and cold winters and cool summers. Rainfall is not heavy, but the islands are regularly flooded with large snowfalls in winter. Sea of ​​Japan: on the west coast of Honshū', the northwesterly winds in winter bring heavy snow. In the summer, this region is cooler than the Pacific, although it also sometimes experiences very hot weather due to the Phen wind phenomenon. Central Highlands: A typical inland climate, with differences climate between summer and winter, day and night. Light rainfall.Seto Inland Sea: The mountains of the Chūgoku and Shikoku regions shield the region from monsoon winds, providing a mild climate all year round. Pacific Ocean: The East Coast experiences cold winters with little snow, hot and humid summers due to the southwest monsoon. Southwest Islands: The Ryukyu Islands have a subtropical climate, with warm winters and hot summers. Heavy rainfall, especially in the rainy season. Typhoons are normal. The hottest temperature measured in Japan is 40.9 °C - measured on August 16, 2007. The main rainy season starts from early May in Okinawa; On most of Honshū, the rainy season begins before mid-June and lasts six weeks. In late summer and early fall, storms often bring heavy rain.

Region

Japan is divided into nine regions, listed in order from north to south:

City

• Tokyo, capital, largest city, megacity
• Osaka, the center of the Kansai . region
• Kyoto, ancient capital
• Nara
• Sapporo
• Sendai
• Nagasaki
• Hiroshima
• Kanazawa

Other destinations

• Dewa Sanzan - three holy mountains frequented by pilgrims and ascetics on the west coast of Tohoku
• Japanese Apps - series of snow-capped mountains in the center of Honshu
• Miyajima - just get out of Hiroshima where the Torii floating symbol is
• Phu Si mountain - iconic snow-capped mountain, the highest peak in Japan (3776 m)
• Mount Koya - The mountain top headquarters of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism
• Sado Island - the island off Niigata, once home to exiles and prisoners, in a glorious summer getaway
• Shiretoko National Park - unspoiled wilderness at the northeastern tip of Hokkaido
• Yaeyama Islands - remote small islands of Okinawa, with scuba diving, beach sightseeing in the forest
• Yakushima - UNESCO world heritage site with huge incense tree and misty primeval forest

Arrive

Citizens of 61 countries and territories including most Western countries, and may be issued a stamp called "landing permission" upon arrival without a visa. This stamp is usually valid for up to 90 days, although some people have nationalities Europe and Mexico specifically are allowed up to 180 days if they note to stay longer than when entering. All other countries must obtain a "temporary visitor" visa prior to arrival, which is only valid for 90 days. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan maintains an online guide on visa issuance at its website [1]. No visa required for same day international flight transfers, not too long so you don't leave the security area.

All foreigners (except government merchants and permanent residents) aged 16 years or older must print their electronic fingerprints and take a photo when they pass through customs control. There may be a brief interview of the customs officer.

Tourists coming to Japan for more than 90 days must have a certificate of alien registration Certificate of Alien Registration (it is a card or Alien card for short or gaijin card) within 90 days of arrival and always carry the region with your passport. This card must be returned at the customs checkpoint if you leave Japan unless you apply for a re-entry visa.

While in Japan, You must carry your passport at all times (or Alien Registration Card or if after July 2012, Registration Card, is applicable) anytime. If you are found during a random check without bringing the above documents, you will have to keep them until someone brings the other documents to you. If hit the first time you can apologize and can be ignored with a warning but in theory you could be fined up to ¥200,000.

By air

• Narita . International Airport
• Tokyo International Airport
• Kansai International Airport
• Fukuoka Airport
• Chubu . International Airport

By train

By car

By bus

By boat

Go

Buy subway tickets and reserve Shinkansen seats(The article on how to ride the Shinkasen train is taken from the article http://toidi.net/diem-den-nuoc-ngoi/du-lich-nhat-ban.htmlIn Japan, people sell train tickets in denominations from 160 yen, 190 yen, 220 yen, 240 yen, 260 yen. For each denomination, you can go from the Base station (ie the station you are in) to (ie EXIT) any station (you can go as many lines as you want - see how limited your power is, because each line change is not just go up and down), as long as it doesn't exceed the amount you bought on the ticket. If you go down the stairs past the original fare, you will not be able to pass through the EXIT door, there will be an automatic machine right there to pay the extra fee.Steps to buy tickets

Get off the subway station, find the train line to use using the subway map and visualize the route to go (starting from which line, changing the line at which station and ending at which station) to save money. time and energy.

There will be an automatic ticketing area at the entrance.

Look at the map of the train, find the station you want to go to, right on the station name will clearly state the price that you have to buy? (Common types often bought for travel are 160 yen, 190 yen, 220 yen, 260 yen). If you are not sure, you can bring it to the train staff (very enthusiastic) the first time, then you can go by yourself.

In the ticket vending machine, there is also English, just insert the amount to buy, the number of people to buy and click on the correct amount (some machines will show the number on the ticket machine, some will show the number on the ticket machine). touch screen) then you already have the ticket in hand. The Zen vehicle will be released immediately after that (if any). You don't have to click words like OK, FINISH at all because it's not there. As long as you have the right money and the right amount to buy, the machine will issue tickets. If you put money in but don't want to buy anymore, just click CANCEL.

In case you only buy a 160 yen ticket, but want to go 190 yen or higher, as I said above, there will be a machine to top up the difference right at EXIT.

Language

Shopping

Expense

Food

Japanese cuisine is very rich and special. This includes sushi, tea ceremony and other dishes such as cakes made from rice flour. However, Japanese cuisine is also quite dangerous with dishes such as puffer fish salad and fugu, made from Japanese starfish. Ban, can be found in many restaurants in central Tokyo. How many people have died because of ingesting the poison of these dishes. Fish handlers must have a keen eye for removing toxic parts of fish while keeping safe parts. The puffer fish dish that has killed many people in Vietnam is considered a delicacy in Japan, only in high-class restaurants.

Drinks

Accommodation

Learn

Do

Safe

Learn to live with earthquakes.

Medical

To respect

Contact

This tutorial is just an outline, so it needs more information. Have the courage to modify and develop it !

Wikipedia has articles about Japan