Iceland（Icelandic：Ísland) Is NorthAtlanticAn island country on China. Iceland isNordic countriesOne, so culturallyEuropea part of. The name Iceland is obviously a misnomer: Although glaciers cover 10% of the land, the climate is mild and volcanic activity keeps the country warm. existViking AgeThe settled Iceland has the oldest surviving parliament in the world-the Icelandic Parliament (Alþingi). It is also calledLand of fire and ice。
area
| Southwest Iceland Capital of icelandReykjavikLocated here. Most of the residents of Iceland live here. |
| Westfjords Sparsely populated, rugged geographical environment, and steep fjords surrounded by dozens of mountains |
| West Iceland Snæfellsjökull, Breza Bay, and many islands, etc. |
| Northern Iceland Rapid lava fields and turbulent waterfalls |
| East Iceland Many fjords and the only international passenger ferry terminal |
| South Iceland The main most popular tourist attractions, including the Golden Circle |
| Inland Iceland Glacier mountains |
town
- 1 Reykjavik（Reykjavík）。IntroductionThe capital of Iceland and the largest city in Iceland
- 2 Akureyri（Akureyri）。IntroductionThe capital of the north and the largest town except the southwest
- 3 Egilsstadir（Egilsstaðir）。IntroductionThe main town in the east, sometimes has the best weather in Iceland
- 4 Habnafjordur（Hafnarfjörður）。IntroductionCozy town located on the outskirts of the capital region
- 5 Hepburn（Höfn）。IntroductionMajor towns on the southeast coast
- 6 Husavik（Húsavík）。IntroductionOne of the most reliable whale watching locations in the world during the summer
- 7 Isafjordur（Ísafjörður）。IntroductionThe largest town in the Westfjords of Iceland
- 8 Selfoss（Selfoss）。IntroductionThe largest town in South Iceland, the center of the main agricultural area
- 9 Stikisholmi（Stykkishólmur）。IntroductionThe main town on the Snæfellsnes peninsula, the entrance to Breza Bay
Other destinations
Regrettably, most tourists do not leave the capital very far, because some of the most memorable sights in Iceland are farther away. The tour company offers many short trips fromReykjavikandAkureriWait for the main center to get it at any time. They will take you everywhere at reasonable prices, take you to glaciers and large volcanoes. However, the cheapest option is still to drive around in a rented car, as there are no tickets for these attractions.
National Park
- 1 Thingvellir National Park。IntroductionNational parks andUNESCO World Heritage. Located 30 to 50 kilometers (19 to 31 miles) east of Reykjavik. There are many interesting reasons: for example, it is the original site of the longest-running parliament in the world (literally "parliamentary territory"), and it is the place where the North American and European continental shelves were torn apart.
- 2 Vatnajökull National Park。IntroductionIceland's newest national park. Established in 2008, including the former Skaftafell (Skaftafell) And Jokulsargljufur National Park. Vatnajökull National Park is the largest national park in Europe, covering an area of 12,000 square kilometers (4,600 square miles), accounting for about 12% of the area of Iceland. The park is the highest peak in Iceland-Hvannadalshnúkur (Hvannadalshnúkur), and the largest glacier-Vatnajökull (Vatnajökull), and the largest waterfall in Europe, Detforth (Dettifoss) Location.
- 3 Snefir Volcano Park。IntroductionThis park is located on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula in western Iceland (SnæfellsnesThe top of) is the location of the frozen crater. Jules Verne's "Journey to the Center of the Earth" is based on this crater.
Other attractions
- 1 Blue Lagoon（Blue Hole, Icelandic: Bláa Lónið (BLAU-ah LONE-eeth)）。IntroductionBlue Lagoon is most famous for its outdoor swimming pool and wellness center. The spa is located in Grindavík on the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwest Iceland. It is approximately 13 km (8 miles) from Keflavik International Airport and 39 km (24 miles) from Reykjavik. This geothermal hot spring bath located in the center of the lava field has milky blue water and is very surreal.
- 2 Lake Mývatn（Icelandic: Mývatn (MEE-fatn)）。IntroductionLocated in northern IcelandAkureyriIn a nearby lake area, Lake Myvatn takes on a mysterious appearance due to the special type of volcanic craters scattered throughout the lake. There are many activities in this area: Smajfall (a desert with sulfuric acid vapors from the ground) and Dimmuborgir (also known as the Black City and the Gate of Hell).
- 3 Gufos（Gullfoss）。IntroductionGolden waterfall. On the edge of the uninhabitable Icelandic interior, about 100 kilometers east of Reykjavik, the river pours down along the double waterfall, forming what many people consider to be the most beautiful waterfall in Iceland.
- 4 Gesir（Geysir）。IntroductionThe geothermal hotspot is located 10 kilometers west of the Güder Waterfall. Geysir itself (derived from the English word "geyser") is no longer reliably active, but fortunately, Strokkur next door explodes every five to ten minutes.
- 5 Glacier lake，addressJökulsárlón。IntroductionA magnificent glacial lagoon in southeast Iceland, near Höfn on Highway 1. From 1920 to 1965, the Breiðamerkurjökull glacier quickly receded, forming this breathtaking 190-meter-deep lagoon. The ice breaks out of the glacier, making the lagoon have icebergs all year round. James Bond's film "Death Another Day" was shot here in 2002.
- 6 Landmanalauka（Landmannalaugar）。IntroductionFrom Reykjavík you can take a bus or 4WD to reach an area with excellent natural scenery. The hotel is located in an inland area, which allows people to experience the uninhabited highlands in the heart of Iceland.
- 7 Þórsmörk（Þórsmörk, Thor's Mark）。IntroductionHidden between three glaciers, Þórsmörk is an incredibly beautiful and relatively isolated area. Icelanders like to camp there in summer. There are many hiking trails in the area, offering spectacular views of the surrounding glaciers and lava formations. It can only be reached by truck or bus: it is a good idea to check the itinerary to tourist attractions at the tourist information center.
learn
 | |
| capital | Reykjavik |
| currency | Iceland Krona (ISK) 1 ISK = 0.0088 USD 1 ISK = 0.0066 EUR |
| population | 357,050（2018） |
| Power Systems | 230 volts / 50 (European plug, Schuko) |
| country code | 354 |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 |
| Language | Icelandic |
| Emergency call | 112 |
| Driving direction | right |
| Edit on Wikidata | |
If you like strange and desolate scenery, then Iceland will be an amazing place. Because it's away fromArcticThe circle is very close, so the sunshine time varies greatly from season to season. Every night in June, the sun will go down the mountain briefly, but before it rises again, the sky is not completely dark. As in the rest of the world, at the equinoxes in March and September, the length of day and night are roughly the same. If you go in December, you will almost face nearly 20 hours of darkness every day. Summer is definitely the best time to travel, and even so, the tourist traffic is still mild. The midnight sun is a beautiful landscape, definitely not to be missed. When the sun is still high in the sky at 23:00, people can easily forget the time. However, morning and evening in winter is a good time to travel. In late January, the sunshine hours are approximately between 10:00 and 16:00, which is lower than the peak season, and the snow-covered scenery is strangely beautiful (however, some places are inaccessible in winter).
history
The first people to settle in Iceland were fromNorwayandDenmarkVikings and sailors. The first known settlement isReykjavik, The remains from 871 AD were found here. In 930 AD, settlers established the oldest surviving parliament in the worldAlþing. Iceland is the bridgehead for the Viking expedition to Greenland and Newfoundland. However, those settlements have become extinct.
Norway ruled Iceland until the reunification of Norway and Denmark in the so-called Kalmar Union in the late 14th century. Iceland remained in the Kalmar Union until it was dissolved in 1814 and Denmark gained control. In 1918, Iceland became a sovereign state within Denmark. existSecond World Warperiod,GermanyOne month after occupying Denmark,UKThe army peacefully occupied Iceland. The United States took over the occupation in 1941, and they remained neutral during the war. In 1944, Iceland declared independence from Denmark, and Alsing became a sovereign legislature again.
Since the Viking era, Iceland has had almost no immigrants. The biggest influx of foreigners was the Allied occupation during World War II, when the British andU.SThe number of soldiers exceeds that of adult men in Iceland. Many of them have established a family in Iceland.
Iceland's economy is mainly based on fisheries and aluminum smelters. Electricity and heating in Iceland come from hydroelectric and geothermal power plants.
At the beginning of the 21st century, Iceland's banking industry was booming, and the 2008 financial crisis dealt a heavy blow to the country. Through fiscal austerity, currency devaluation and government changes, Iceland recovered from the economic recession and once again became one of the strongest economies in Europe. Tourism has now become the main pillar of Iceland's economy.
nationality
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In the 9th century AD, the Norwegians first settled in Iceland. Traditionally, the first permanent settlers were Norwegian VikingsInge Yves Arnason（Ingólfur Arnarson), he made his home in Reykjavik where he is now. It is believed thatIrelandThe monks have temporarily resided on the island a few years ago this point. Icelanders retain their old age when they first settledNorthern EuropeMany characteristics of people, many Icelanders can be traced back to their ancestry, at least one party is one of the early settlers.
Iceland’s immigrants now account for more than 10% of the total population, which makes Iceland’s immigrants more thanNorwayandSweden. Since 2010, the number of immigrants has doubled. Most immigrants come fromEastern EuropeandSoutheast Asia, They are mainly looking for work.
As for names, Icelanders use the ancient Norwegian paternal surname system (Norway, Denmark, Sweden andFaroe IslandsIt was used until the 19th century, until their government decided that their citizens should use surnames).
climate
Volcano Statistics
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Although Iceland’s name is "Iceland", becauseAtlanticWith the warming effect of the Gulf Stream, this country at its latitude has a mild winter climate, especially withRussiaCompared to the climate, even withNew EnglandorU.SThe climate in the Midwest is even more so. Iceland has a temperate oceanic climate. Although the wind is bitter in winter, people often compare its winter with the winter in the Pacific Northwest. However, Iceland’s rapidly changing weather gave the locals a proverb: “If you don’t like this kind of weather, please wait five minutes!” This is a place that is often scorched by rain and sun at the same time. Some Icelanders believe that if the winter is long and cold, then the summer will be warm and beautiful. Compared to other places at the same latitude, summer is generally cooler and milder (again under the influence of the ocean) 20-25 degrees Celsius is considered quite warm.
Holidays and festivals
- Christmas: Follow the date of the Western church. Traditionally, shops are closed on Christmas Eve (December 24), Christmas Day (December 25), New Year's Eve (December 31) and New Year's Day (January 1). There are 13 boys in Iceland. Historically, Julie’s lads are jokers, and they atone for their sins by giving gifts to the children. Every Juli boy has his own day, and the first Juli boy entered the city on December 12. Epiphany (Þrettándinn) Celebrate with a bonfire and firework show. On this day, Icelanders play the roles of elves and hidden people.
- Easter: Follow the date of the Western Church. Traditionally, shops are closed on Good Friday (the Friday before Easter), Easter and Pentecost (49 days after Easter). There are Icelandic traditions in the next few days:
- Cream Puff Day（Bolludagur): Held on the Monday 7 weeks before Easter. Icelanders eat ice cream pie and cream festival. Icelanders eat puffed bread stuffed with jam and whipped cream at festivals. Traditionally, children were allowed to spank their parents before they got out of bed, instead they were given a puffed bread.
- Shrove Tuesday（Sprengidagur): Held on Tuesday, 7 weeks before Easter, this is a festival for Icelanders to eat bacon and yellow peas.
- The first day of the fast（Öskudagur/Ash Wednesday）: Held on a Wednesday in the seven weeks before Easter. On this day, the children put on costumes and sang for candy. This is the Icelandic version of American Halloween.
- Seamen's Day（Sjómannadagurinn): Held on the first Sunday of June. Icelanders go to the nearest port to celebrate a national holiday with seamen.
- Iceland National Day（Þjóðhátíðardagurinn): It has been on June 17th. Traditionally, shops are closed on this day. Celebrations usually start with parades and speeches, followed by less formal celebrations.
- Worker's weekend（Verslunarmannahelgi): Held on the first weekend of August. This is usually the biggest holiday in Iceland. The shop is traditionally closed. Icelanders flock to outdoor festivals across the country.
Time zone
Iceland andUK、IrelandandPortugalIn the same time zone (Greenwich Mean Time). However, unlike these countries, Iceland does not observe daylight saving time, which makes it aWestern EuropeThe only country that does not do this.
arrival
Visa and immigration
Iceland isSchengen areaOne of the members.
- There are usually no border controls between the countries that sign and implement the treaty. This includes mostEuropean UnionAnd some other countries.
- Before boarding an international flight or ship, there is usually an identity check. Sometimes there are temporary border controls at land borders.
- Similarly, any Schengen member’svisaIt is valid in all other countries that have signed and implemented the treaty.
- For more information on how the program works, which countries are members and your nationality requirements, please refer toTravel around the Schengen area。
However, due to IcelandnoIn EU member states, all passengers entering Iceland, including those from EU countries, must undergo customs inspection upon entry.
aviation
Iceland is easy to reach by air. The main international airport is Keflavík International Airport Template:Iata, located in the southwest of the country, about 40 kilometers (25 miles) from Reykjavík, and there are about 30,000 passengers a day in peak season. . The airport itself is a simple place, if you are staying for a long time, you should bring books or other entertainment facilities. Even better, make sure you can leave this barren land and explore the country.
From outside Iceland (includingEuropean UnionCountries), passengers whose final destination is Iceland, or passengers who need to re-check their luggage, no matter where they come from, they must be at the port of entry (usually referred to asKeflavik) Pass the customs inspection. There is a duty-free shop at the arrival baggage claim area, where you can buy duty-free goods in continental Europe. Those from Schengen Agreement countries do not need a separate visa, and if they are from other Schengen Agreement countries, they do not need to undergo immigration inspections. Airlines even require ID cards on flights to and from other Schengen countries.
Round trip with IcelandairAmericaandEuropeTravellers have the right to travel in IcelandStayAt least one night, and no additional airfare fee. Icelandair allows up to 7 nights during each segment of the journey.
Airport shuttle bus service (FlyBus) It runs between the airport and Reykjavík BSÍ Bus Terminal. The one-way operation time is 45 minutes, and the one-way cost is 3000 CZK and the round-trip cost is 5,500 CZK (as of May 2019). If you have special needs, you can also purchase a Flybus travel plan, including getting off at a series of hotels in Greater Reykjavík. If you request it the day before, you can also get on the bus directly at the designated place, one-way fare 4000 SEK, round trip cost 7000 SEK (as of May 2019). Even if you don't stay in any of these hotels, they may be within walking distance of where you want to go, so depending on where you use the Flybus option, you may avoid taking a taxi.
Another good option is to ride inBlue LagoonThe parked bus travels to and from the airport, and then continues to Reykjavík every half an hour or so (NetbusIs the cheapest option). The taxi fare from the airport to Reykjavik is approximately 16,000 crowns (as of May 2019).
The following airlines fly to Keflavik:
 | warn:After months of financial difficulties. WOW Airlines hasCease operations. The Icelandic Transport Authority has aWeb page, To help stranded passengers find alternative airlines. |
- The national airline Icelandair (Icelandair) isU.SandCanadaProvide the most favorable direct flights, includingNew York City（John F. Kennedy International Airport）、Seattle、Boston、Halifax、Minneapolis/Sao Paulo Airport、Toronto、DenverandOrlando（Sanford). Destinations outside of Iceland include most major European cities (i.e.Amsterdam、Bergen、Berlin、Copenhagen、Frankfurt、Glasgow、Helsinki、London、Oslo、Madrid、Manchester、Milan、Munich、Paris、Stockholm、DusseldorfandStavanger), and Icelandair’s hub, a spokes network connected through Iceland’s Keflavík (some destinations are seasonal).
- Delta AirlinessupplyNew York CityJohn F. Kennedy International AirportFlights to Keflavik;
- Easyjet, Provided fromUKCheap flights departing:London、Manchester Airport、EdinburghandBristol,as well asSwitzerlandGeneva。
- Eurowings Airlines, FromCologneSeasonal flights.
- Wizz AirFollowBaltic SeaCheap flights
- Scandinavian AirlinesProvided fromOsloDirect flight, connectionStockholmandScandinaviaThe rest of the peninsula.
- Norwegian AirlinesDirect flights to Oslo are available.
- British AirwaysFrom LondonHeathrow Airporttake off.
IcelandairandAtlantic AirwaysOffer toGreenlandandFaroe IslandsScheduled flight service.
Passenger ship
Smyril LineOnce or twice a week fromDenmarkofHirtshals（Horsshals) Departure, afterFaroe IslandsofTorshavn(Torshavn) (you can stay there) to the east coast of IcelandSeydisfjordur（Seyðisfjörður). This is not just the flight cost, but check the different language versions of the Smyril website (.fo, .dk, .co.uk, .de and .is) to get the best price. Smyril no longer sails toShetland IslandsorScotlandmainland.
But in Seydisfjörður, your journey is only half complete: there are no rental cars there, so you must occasionally take a bus to Egilsstadir and then take another bus toAkureyri（Akureyri), and then take another bus toReykjavik. This takes at least two days, is more expensive than domestic flights, and is completely unsuitable for coastal sightseeing. For more information on practicality, see the above Wikivoyage entry.
Travel around
aviation
Airplanes in Iceland are like buses or trains elsewhere-they are the main form of internal travel apart from roads. But it should be noted that if you are going to enter a fjord like Akureyri, the road may be a bit bumpy.
All domestic flights from Reykjavik are fromReykjavik AirportTake off, this is a different airport close to the town of the same name. Depend onIcelandair、Atlantic AirwaysandGaruda IcelandProvides travel to nearby destinations (includingGreenlandandFaroe Islands) Timing service.
Private car
Cars provide maximum flexibility for traveling around Iceland. Many agents canRent a vehicle, The ferry also allows individuals to bring their own cars. The rental price is very high. It is estimated that two-wheel drive vehicles will pay at least 4000 kronor a day, while four-wheel drive vehicles will pay more than 12000 kronor a day. These prices include basic cars.Insurance, But you can purchase additional insurance to prevent damage caused by grit or other common accidents.
Four-wheel drive vehicles that are only open inside are only open in summer. Renting a car in advance is often cheaper than renting a car on site. Iceland strictly prohibits off-road driving and imposes a fine of 300,000 to 500,000 kronor. Iceland is very sensitive by nature and it is not easy to recover from tire tracks.
Keep right when driving in Iceland. The headlights and seat belts of all passengers must be on at all times. There is a main road, the No. 1 ring road, which surrounds the country. Due to the changing weather in Iceland, people should keep extra food and know the location of the guesthouse/hotel in case the road is closed in case the road is closed.
Most mountain roads will be closed until the end of June, or even longer, because wet and muddy conditions make them completely impassable. When these roads are opened to traffic, many roads can only be passed by four-wheel drive vehicles. Roads that require four-wheel drive (and possibly snow tires) are route numbers starting with F, for example, F128. Some roads that used to start with F have been upgraded and assigned a number without F. Generally speaking, these names can be trusted in both cases.
The general speed limit for rural roads in Iceland is 90 km/h on paved surfaces and 70 km/h on gravel. In urban areas, the general speed limit is 50 km/h. Driving on gravel can be a challenge, and losing control on a cliff-side road can be fatal. Speed cameras are installed all over the country, and a fine of 5,000-70,000 Iceland Krona can be imposed in case of violation. Once the blood alcohol content exceeds 0.05%, you will face a minimum fine of 100,000 Iceland Krona. Therefore, do not drink or drive.
Drivers in Iceland should be familiar with road signs and be prepared for the unique driving conditions in Iceland. Iceland’s roads are of medium to low quality and are usually made of slightly rough black basalt. Foreigners should pay special attention to two signs. First of all,malbik endarIt means that the road changes from a paved road to a gravel road. Slow down before preparing for these changes, because people can easily lose control. also,einbreiðbrúIt means that the one-lane bridge is approaching, so please reach the bridge slowly and evaluate the situation. If another car has reached the end of the bridge, give them way first.
If you are traveling on the road, you canIceland Meteorological OfficeCheck out some related information, they have an excellent set of web pages, including the Icelandic Highway Administration on all major roads.
Surrounding the island countryHighway 1It is the main attraction for tourists who want to see the diverse geological features of Iceland, from waterfalls, icebergs, fjords to volcanoes.
bus
Timed trips between Icelandic towns are run by Strætóbs. Various companies also provide regular departure tours, includingReykjavik tours(Also operatesFlyBus）、Trex、Sterna、NetBusandSBA-NORÐURLEIÐ. Long-distance bus travel can cost thousands of crowns and is sometimes more expensive than flying. For example, the cost of a one-way trip from Reykjavik to Akureyri is 10,340 kronor, while the flying cost is 8,925 Swedish kronor (as of May 2019). It is possible to travel from the east of the country to the west by bus in one day, but there are only a few trains per day.PublicTransport.isAll public transportation services are listed on.
The internal travel of some special 4x4 buses can be cheaper and easier driving alternatives and serve most major locations (eg Landmannalaugar, Thorsmork, Aksja). The inland trip is limited to summer.
Many tour operators in Reykjavík can take part in the Golden Circle day tour, which will take you aroundGullfoss Falls、Geyser, Volcanic crater and the mid-Atlantic rift/place of Iceland’s first parliament. Although you don't have much time at each site, the guide will tell you the history of Iceland and some general information. The cheaper tour (approximately 55 euros) will be a full guided tour, while the more expensive tour (approximately 80 euros) will be a minibus or van. The currency for booking a tour can vary from Euros to U.S. dollars to Krona, so please be sure to check carefully before booking if you need to.
Depend onStrætó bsThe operating capital area bus system is inefficient, costly and unreliable. The one-way fare is 470 CZK (as of May 2019). The bus driver will not get the change back, so if you only have a 500 kronor banknote, don't expect to get the change back. You can also buy a set of twenty tickets from the main bus station for 9,100 kronor or from the driver (as of September 2016). Once you pay the driver, the driver will not give you a ticket unless you specifically explain it to the driver. If you get the ticket, you can take another bus again within 75 minutes.
All buses stop running at midnight, some stop earlier, and some stop as early as 18:00. The bus starts from 9:30 to 10:00 on Sunday morning. Zone 2 and above (extended toHöfnandEgilsstaðir) Fares are higher, although Reykjavik,Garðabær、Hafnarfjörður、Mosfellsbær、ÁlftanesandSeltjarnarnesThey are all located in the first district, where the regular fare is 420 crowns.
bike
ridebikeIt is one of the best ways to experience Iceland and provides an experience very different from other means of transportation. You should bring your own touring bicycle, as it can be expensive to buy a bicycle locally. Traffic in and out of Reykjavik is heavy, but otherwise everything is normal. You can ride a bicycle safely on the ring road, or ride a bicycle on the bus on the ring road (the bus is equipped with a bicycle rack) and take a side trip. However, if the weather and conditions are taken into consideration, if it is a self-service travel, it is best to have travel experience.
When riding a bicycle in winter, use studded tires and wear light but warm clothes. Bicycle maintenance is usually not a problem. For example, the brake pads may last 12 months or more, depending on the quality of the brakes.
For travel outside of towns or cities, please bring food. Iceland towns are 100-200 kilometers apart. Food cooked in 10-15 minutes is preferred. It is possible to forage blueberries and herbs, but don't just rely on it as a food source.
Hitchhiking
HitchhikingTraveling in Iceland is a cheap way to travel. This country is one of the safest countries in the world. The people are very friendly and the driver has a high percentage of ride-hailing, especially in the off-season. However, the low traffic flow outside of Reykjavik makes hitchhiking in Iceland an endurance challenge. Even on the main ring road, the frequency of cars in the east usually makes it difficult for you to catch a car within an hour. Almost everyone can useEnglishCommunicate with you, and most drivers are very interested in talking.
Avoid hitchhiking after nightfall, especially on Friday and Saturday nights. Alcohol consumption is high, and alcohol-related accidents are not uncommon.
It is difficult to hitchhike into the interior, but if you have enough time, everything works-in days, not hours. For longer distances or less tourist areas, please prepare some food, water and tents or the like. The weather can be terrible, sometimes ruining the fun of this way of traveling.
All terrain vehicle
In the past few years, all-terrain vehicle travel has become more and more popular among adventure travel enthusiasts. There are several companies that offer ATV tours across Iceland.
Conversation
The official language of Iceland isIcelandic（íslenska), it is the same as the 13th centuryNorwegian(SeeVikings and Old Norwegians) Are very similar, although not exactly the same.
People avoid borrowing foreign words and often create new words for concepts such as computers, called tölva ("number-prophet"). Icelandic and other Scandinavian languages (Danish、SwedishandNorwegian) There is a connection, although it is difficult to understand each other.FaroeseTo some extent, Icelandic and Icelandic are mutually understandable. Since Icelandic is a Germanic language like other Scandinavian languages,GermanandDutchSpeakers of will recognize many cognate words, and even English speakers will be able to recognize this strange vocabulary with some effort.
Alphabet Icelandic is written in the Latin alphabet, two of which were used in English but are now obsolete: one iseth（Ð, ð), pronounced like "th" (voiced) in "them"; the other letter isthorn（Þ, þ), pronounced like "th" (light tone) in "thick". Most of the current English materials replace these two letters with "dh" and "th". E.gFjörðurBe writtenFjordhur，þingvellirIs written asThingvellir。 |
All Icelanders will study in schoolDanishandEnglish, But except for the older generation who grew up under Danish rule, the proficiency of Danish is often somewhat lacking. On the other hand, English is widely used, and most young people are close to their native language level. The students in the Icelandic Gymnasium (High School) choose the fourth language and usually choose the fifth language to study, usuallySpanish、German、FrenchorItalian, But often still not proficient in using it. Although most Icelanders can speak English, trying to speak Icelandic is always welcome. Learning some basic greetings and phrases in Icelandic will make your trip smoother.
Icelanders use commas instead of dots as the decimal notation for numbers, that is, 12,000 means 12, not 12000; and 12,000 or 12.000 means 12,000. Icelanders use a 24-hour system and a 12-hour system. The 12-hour system is used for oral English, but the 24-hour system is used in writing. Icelanders do not use PM/AM to indicate morning and afternoon. In Iceland, "half ten" (hálf tíu) Means half past nine (9:30). When talking to people who are not fluent in English, it is best not to use this form to avoid misunderstandings. The date can be abbreviated in many ways, but the order is always day, month and year, for example: 12/07/19, 12.7.19 or 120719, which is equivalent to July 12, 2019. The Icelandic calendar also shows the number from week 1 to week 52.
Iceland only uses the metric system. Little is known about measurement data in English or US systems.
In Iceland, there is no concept of the first floor like the British one. In contrast, the entrance level of a building is called the first floor (jarðhæð), just like in the United States. Then count up 1, 2, 3...
Almost all foreign TV shows and movies are broadcast in the original language with Icelandic subtitles. Only children's programs will be translated into Icelandic.
go sightseeing
- Gullfoss Fallsvery impressive.
- Geyser, With the same name as all geysers, its neighbor Stoke (Strokkur) Erupts approximately every five minutes.
- Thingvellir National Park, A beautiful landscape of a water-eroded lava field, from 930 AD, as an important history of the Icelandic Parliament.
- VatnajokullLocated in southeastern Iceland, it is the largest glacier in Europe.
- Glacier lake（Jökulsárlón) Is the largest glacial lake in Iceland. It is located on Route 1 and is part of the Vatnajokull.
- In the darker months (September to April), you can often see the amazing northern lights far away from the city lights.
Activity
- Geothermal hot springBlue LagoonAlthough it is an artificial hot spring, it is a very popular attraction and activity. Located between the capital and the main airport. Mývatn Nature Baths is another option, but it is smaller and located in the eastern part of the country. There are many local hot springs throughout the country, but not all hot springs are safe.
- Iceland offers many opportunities for hiking. If you choose to walk outside the sidewalk, it is recommended to wear sturdy walking boots that support your ankles, because the terrain here is usually rugged lava rocks or elastic moss with hidden caves!
- Iceland is not known for skiing or large ski resorts, but the northernAkureyriThere is a large small ski resort, and the mountains of the Troll Peninsula provide world-class terrain for ski trips, ski mountaineering and heli-skiing.
- With world-class frozen waterfalls and a large number of glaciers, it is very suitable for ice climbing.
- Glacier hiking is one of Iceland's most popular tourist activities, because the Skaftafell region in southeast Iceland is the center of tourist activity.
- Can be in Reykjavik all year roundWhale watchingIf it is summer, you can also go to Husavik to watch whales.
- There are some good opportunities to drive snowmobiles, which can provide access to other inaccessible areas.
Shopping
currency
Icelandic króna exchange rate As of January 2019:
The exchange rate fluctuates from time to time, so you can refer toXE.comThe current exchange rate provided by the website. |
The local currency in Iceland isIceland Krona, With abbreviationskr(ISO code:ISK)Express. Although its value plummeted during the 2008 economic crisis, it has recovered from the world's major currencies.
If you buy and sell your Icelandic krona in Iceland, you will get a better exchange rate. Almost every hotel in Iceland accepts credit cards, including taxis, gas stations, souvenir stands, and even the most remote hotels, so there is no need to carry large amounts of Icelandic currency.
Overhead
The cost of getting to Iceland is quite low: Icelandair offers excellent tickets, and Keflavik International Airport Airlines will soon welcome the European low-cost airline, EasyJet.
However, the situation changed drastically after getting off the plane—Iceland is usually avery expensiveThe tourist destination is partly due to high import tariffs and a 25.5% value-added tax rate. The price of retail goods may be 3-4 times that of North America, while the price of groceries is at least comparable to the most expensive cities. Those who travel to Iceland should have at least the same budget as traveling to Norway or Switzerland.
For tourists, useful discount card programs are available, the most important of which is the Reykjavik City Card operated by the Reykjavik Financial City.
When buying food or other basic necessities, you can look for Bónus, Netto or Krónan stores, as their prices are much lower than other stores. Reykjavík’s city centre is also home to several second-hand stores such as the Red Cross and the Salvation Army, which can be used to buy cheap warm clothes.
A pint of beer or a glass of wine may cost 700-1200 krona, a pizza for a person may cost 1700-2200 krona, a city bus may cost 350-krona, and a cup of coffee or espresso may cost 350-600 krona.
A pack of 20 krona cigarettes sells for about 950 krona. Please note that according to Icelandic law, cigarettes are not allowed to be sold in stores, but most gas stations, supermarkets and newsstands sell cigarettes.
tip
Iceland did not paytiphabit. In rare cases, trying to tip may be seen as an insult, so you can consider giving verbal praise for well done work. Although some Icelandic companies have begun to put a tip jar next to the cash register, these are usually overlooked.
Shopping
Typical Icelandic products that make exquisite souvenirs include:
- Icelandic wool products. Icelandic sheep is a unique breed that can produce soft and durable wool, while Icelandic wool products (hats, gloves, etc.) are soft and warm. If you plan to travel to the mainland of Iceland, be sure to buy one for yourself. Not just for your friends.
- Arts and crafts. Iceland has many exquisite small craft shops, selling all kinds of goods, from music baskets, wonderful porcelain sculptures to paintings, glass products and jewelry. The National Gallery tends to put the works of the same artist in the gift shop instead of the popular products that are usually sold in many other museums.
- Local music. There are many interesting local music CDs (not just Björk and Sigur Rós) worth visiting. Notable ones include Eberg,Hera, Retro Stefson, FM Belfast, Worm is Green, Múm, Singapore Sling and Bellatrix. Please note that many of these CDs can usually be returned as imported products at much lower prices. CDs often cost 1,500 to 2,000 crowns.
diet
- See:Nordic cuisine
In the past few decades, with the popularity of other types of food, the Icelandic diet has undergone great changes, from some form or other mainly involving lamb or fish. Maintaining a vegetarian diet is more tricky, but there are several vegetarian restaurants in Reykjavik, and other restaurants also widely offer vegetarian dishes.
Common and unique Icelandic foods include:
- Bonito (harðfiskur), dried fish fillets and butter (can also be served with coleslaw);
- Icelandic yogurt (skyr), a cheese similar to yogurt, with flavored and tasteless varieties all over the country. Low fat content, high protein content;
- Smoked meathangikjöt), with smoked lamb;
- Smoked lamb sausage
- Roast lamb's head
- Blood pudding (Slátur), a food made from the internal organs, blood and fat of sheep.
Iceland is famous for whale meat and is one of the few places in the world where you can eat minke whales. Whaling has long been a tradition in Iceland, although it has recently become a controversial issue. However, most restaurants that cater to tourists sell whale meat, and if you feel a little adventurous, some places will use it to grind muffins if you ask for it.
In Midwinter (Þorri) (From late January to early February), many Icelanders like to use Icelandic stinky food (Þorramatur), it includes a series of traditional Icelandic cuisine, usually containing the following:hákarl(Rotten shark pieces),Sviðasulta(By roasted lamb's head (svið) Made of crystal meat),Lundabaggi(Sheep's fat) andhrútspungar(Pickled ram's testicles). Smelly food is usually calledÞorrablótServed at the party. If you find yourself being invited to the Smelly Food Festival, don't be afraid, you can (politely) refuse some of the more unpalatable foods, because many Icelanders choose to do the same. Don't worry about starving though, because many of the "normal" foods mentioned above are almost always available. If you are not sure which is which, don't be afraid, please directly ask the caterer for help.
Activities similar to the Stinky Festival areÞorláksmessa(Before Christmas), celebrated on December 23 every year. On this day, you may find yourself invited to provide pickled ice skatesskötuveislurs restaurant. As with the Smelly Food Festival, you can politely refuse to enjoy ice skates together (other types of fish are usually put together with ice skates to make it easier for less adventurous people). As a reminder, the pungent smell that accompanies the cooking of marinated rays is very strong, and it can easily stick to hair and clothes. Don't wear formal (expensive) clothes at these parties, especially the clothes you plan to wear during Christmas.
The fast food of choice for any Icelander is usually hot dogs (pylsa). A variety of fried onions, fresh onions, ketchup, mustard and mayonnaise are usually offered. Compared with other major fast foods, the price of this food is cheap, about 350 kronor, and it is sold in small convenience stores/restaurants/video rental shops/candy shops everywhere in Icelandic towns. At least in Reykjavik, you can also see food trucks and trolleys selling hot lamb soup (kjötsúpa). They also have vegetarian options-the same soup minus the meat.
Food prices in Iceland are particularly high: the following sample prices are accurate as of summer 2016:
- A burger is about 1000-2000 krona;
- 350-500 crowns per month for a hot dog;
- Three meals in a restaurant cost 3000-6000 crowns.
Drink
In Iceland, drinking tap water is safe, and Iceland is one of the cleanest countries in the world. Coffee is easy to find, comparable to coffee in Europe. Juices are generally imported and made from concentrates.
Compared with the United Kingdom and the United States, alcoholic beverages are very expensive-for example, drinking half a liter of Viking beer in a bar costs about 900 crowns. Liquor can be monopolized in licensed bars, restaurants or stateVínbúðinYou can buy it, and the wine you can buy there is much cheaper than the bar. The same beer you can buy at the bar for 900 krona only costs 350 krona. Local Icelandic beverages, such as Brennivín ("shochu") contain quite high alcohol content, so you have to control your rhythm in the bar.
The local beer brands are:
- Egils: Lite, Gull, Pilsner, Premium, El Grillo;
- Vífillfell: Thule, Gull, Lite, Víking;
- Bruggsmiðjan: Kaldi;
- Ölvisholt Brewery: Skjálfti;
- Ölgerð Reykjavíkur: Gullfoss.
For tourists arriving by plane, there is a duty-free shop where arriving passengers can buy cheap alcohol (at least cheaper than Iceland). Just follow Icelanders to find duty-free shops. No normal Icelander will pass the duty-free shop directly on arrival!
In Iceland, you need to be at least 18 years old to drink alcoholic beverages, but you must be at least 20 years old to buy these.
stay
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If you go in the summer, you will not regret wearing a blindfold. Because in the midsummer season, there is no real darkness here, and in the north, the sun may be only a few minutes below the horizon.
For the peak tourist season (July and August), or even September travel, it is best to book a room a month or more in advance to help you find suitable and affordable accommodation. Late bookings may put you at risk of having to accept more expensive accommodation.
On the islandhostelIt's usually very rudimentary, but even in August, you can book a room by phone. They are clean, well maintained, well-lit, well ventilated, and have nothing to be considered dirty. Although they are expensive.
FosshotelsIt is a hotel chain consisting of 12 hotels all over Iceland, adjacent to Iceland's most precious natural attractions and the main cities of Iceland. The most popular hotel is Fosshotel Nupar, located beside Skaftafell National Park. Accommodation at the Fosshotel is varied and always includes a Scandinavian-style breakfast buffet. Fosshotels isIceland Hotelsa part of.
Icelandair HostelincludeEddaSummer hotel and Icelandair hotel. Icelandair Hotel is an upscale Scandinavian style hotel located in most major cities in Iceland. The most striking is Nordica, located on the outskirts of downtown Reykjavik.
HotelIn terms of price and service, it is between hotels and inns. Sometimes, if you travel in groups, a hotel may be cheaper than a hotel. Hotels usually have more space than inns with shared bathrooms, so they are cleaner and less crowded.Iceland farm holidays: The members are farmers. They provide accommodation for travelers, including their homes, hotels, rural hotels and villas. The association was established in 1980. Since 1990, Iceland Farm Holidays has been a fully licensed tour operator and travel agency. Accommodation is diverse, with four different types of beds, with or without private bathroom, sleeping bag accommodation, cottages and camping. Some farms also provide various recreational activities: horse riding, fishing, hunting, sailing, swimming, glacier tours, golf, etc. You can get their brochures from the Tourist Information Center or find them on their website. It provides a lot of information, listing all the farms, the services they provide, when of the year and contact information. It is best to call in advance to book, especially in summer.
Iceland has many hotels throughout the country. 37 of them belong toIceland International Youth HostelIf you are staying at an international youth hostel in Iceland or abroad for four nights or more in the next 12 months, it is best to purchase an international membership card (if you don’t have one). Bring your bedding or sleeping bag to avoid additional costs.
If your travel cost is low, thencampingIs the best choice. There are such sites all over the country, especially where you want to go. From well-equipped facilities (hot showers, washing machines, cooking facilities) to cold water taps in the farmland, everything is available. Expect to pay 500-1000 crowns per person per night. If you plan to camp in Iceland, you must be prepared for the cold, and a three-season sleeping bag is essential. Thick pajamas and warm hats are also recommended! Bedding rolls are also useful because you might sleep on very rough ground. Don't wait until the last minute to find a place to camp. Campers and mobile homes are very popular among Icelanders, and they take up a lot of space. You might arrive at a large campsite, where campers and mobile homes are everywhere, so that you have no place to pitch a tent. However, it is not allowed to camp or park mobile homes anywhere except these campgrounds!
Hikers need to use someMountain hut, Whether it is government or private. Fully equipped facilities from dormitory to staff. During the most popular times of the year, advance reservations may be necessary (and may only be available in summer).
Don't try to stay overnight at Keflavik Airport. It is best to find a hotel in Keflavík or Reykjavik before you arrive. If there are no flights to service in the middle of the night (which is usually the case), the airport will be closed for a few hours at night and you may have to stand outside to get caught in the rain and wind.
jobs
Apart fromGreenland、Faroe Islands、Denmark、Norway、Sweden、Oak Islands、FinlandAnd other five European and Nordic countries andEuropean Union/Except for citizens of European Economic Area countries, citizens of most countries require a work permit. There are no restrictions on the latest entrants into the EU.
If you are not from any of the above countries, it is difficult to obtain a work permit because Iceland has a relatively strict immigration policy, and employers are obliged to treat Icelandic or EU citizens as higher than all other applicants. As a small country, people attach great importance to family relationships and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, it is difficult to find a job in Iceland without personally knowing someone in the company. However, the unemployment rate is low, the unemployment rate in 2017 was about 2%.
Beware of contract work in Iceland. Your salary level may be lower than average, and your rights may be affected. Iceland is a highly unionized society, with more than 90% of the unionized labor force.
A good resource isOffice of Labor Website。
Safety
Iceland is one of the safest places in the world, so there is almost no chance of being robbed or harassed. However, isolated incidents have been reported, especially in Reykjavik, so the usual precautions are worthwhile. Use common sense and be vigilant when sampling nightlife.
Emergency number: 112.
nature
For Icelandic tourists, the greatest danger lies in nature. Always follow what the signs tell you to do. If there are no signs, use common sense. Every year, many tourists are injured or even killed in the mountains or at sea. For example, unless you know what you are doing, don’t approach the front of the glacier, the big waves on the coast, or the big waterfall, and don’t walk on the glacier without proper training and equipment. Iceland is a country with active volcanoes and you may be trapped by a volcanic eruption, although this possibility is extremely low.
When hiking or skiing, be prepared for sudden changes in the weather, as these will happen soon in Iceland. If you are unsure, ask a local or join a guided tour. Icelanders have been taught since childhood to respect the power of nature and take care of themselves in the wild, so even in the most dangerous places, you usually won't find fences or warning signs.
drive
Driving in Iceland can be difficult or even dangerous. Inform yourself about the local situation and make sure that your vehicle and driving skills are up to the task. Please note that many roads (even part of the main country roads) are unpaved roads and turn into slippery mud in the summer. In some cases, foreigners who are unprepared for Icelandic roads are prone to traffic accidents, some of which are fatal. Because the road is very quiet and the distance between the settlements is long, some Icelanders abuse this to speed. Sheep sometimes roam near the road or even on them, so keep your eyes open at all times and be careful of the flock, because they usually wait for the car before crossing the road.
Can be viewed byVegagerdinGet the latest road condition information.
Road numbers starting with F are only suitable for four-wheel drive vehicles. They are usually simple dirt paths made by road scrapers. It is not uncommon to cross a river. Due to extremely poor road conditions from October to mid-June, many F-class highways have been closed. Non-four-wheel drive vehicles are prohibited on these roads.
The speed limit of expressways is 90 km/h on paved roads and 80 km/h on unpaved roads.
- Terms and rules
Traffic rules and regulations are generally the same as elsewhere in Europe. Foreign tourists should be aware that police control is common and the fines are very high. Special attention should be paid to the following rules:
The rule of giving way is universally applicable. On roads without a "yellow diamond" sign, all vehicles coming from the right have priority; except for private places such as parking lots, you must give way to vehicles coming from the right. Even in the daytime, headlights are mandatory.
The general speed limit for villages and highways is 90 kilometers per hour, and for urban areas it is 50 kilometers per hour.
When driving conditions change, there are no specific regulations for changes in speed limits (as in some other countries). In the case of fog, heavy rain, heavy snow, etc., the driver needs to lower the vehicle speed to a safe level.
Do not drink and drive. Your blood alcohol concentration cannot exceed 0.05%. A small bottle of beer is enough. This regulation has been strictly enforced, and violators may face a minimum fine of 100,000 kronor, long-term (or even indefinite) revocation of their driving license and the risk of imprisonment.
On typical Icelandic two-lane narrow shoulder roads, overtaking is only allowed on long straight roads with sufficient visibility. So please only overtake when really necessary, otherwise you should consider other options, such as taking a short break.
The use of car horns is considered impolite and should only be used in emergency situations. It is illegal to turn right at a red light.
Do not park directly on the highwayIt is best to park in the following areas: parking lots (with a blue or white "M" sign), specific parking areas (with a white "P"), picnic areas, or farmer’s roads. Parking on a road with a speed limit of 90 kilometers is not only dangerous, but also illegal. However, there are still many stupid tourists still doing this.
poison
Iceland’s anti-drug police has a very strict drug policy. Possession of any illegal substance of less than 1 gram may result in a fine of at least SEK 70,000.
Medical treatment
IcelandicMedical FacilitiesVery good, and subsidies for EU citizens with European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) and passports. Scandinavian citizens must show a validpassportIn order to get subsidized medical expenses.
If EU citizens do not bring the necessary documents, they will be charged the full medical expenses. Citizens outside the EU should check whether their travel insurance includesmedical insurance。
infectious diseaseNot a problem in Iceland. Unless you are from a country with infectious diseases such as cholera, you don’t need tovaccination。
The biggest threat to your health may be accidental injury orBad weather. Make sure you have enough warm and waterproof clothes. In Iceland, choosing the right clothing is especially important, and it may even be a matter of life and death. Be extra careful in geothermal areas: seemingly solid ground can sometimes be less solid, and suddenly dive into deadly boiling water from under your feet.
IcelandicWater qualityVery good, the tap water can always be drunk directly. The hot water from the tap smells a bit like sulfur because it is heated by geothermal energy, but it is also safe to drink.
The sanitary conditions in public kitchens are very good, and food poisoning rarely happens to tourists.
manner
Is it Ms. Pétursdóttir or Ms. Guðrún? Iceland retains another Nordic tradition: the custom of using the father’s surname instead of the surname. An Icelandic’s name is followed by his or her parent’s name (usually the father’s name), in the case of genitive, the suffix -son or -dóttir, as in Guðrún Pétursdóttir (Guðrún, the daughter of Pétur). Therefore, members of the same family can have many different "surnames", which sometimes confuses visitors. Because of surnames, Icelanders use first names in most cases. For example, the phone book is sorted alphabetically by first name instead of last name. This also applies when dealing with individuals. Icelanders will never expect to be Mr. or Ms. Jónsson/-dóttir, no matter how important they are. |
- Some Icelanders claimed that they believed in these hidden people-called huldufólk-and some even claimed to have seen them. They are similar to elves, but are generally considered independent. There is even a museum in Reykjavik dedicated to these hidden people. This is an ancient Icelandic belief, and most Icelanders respect this tradition. Therefore, skepticism may appear rude.
- It is a custom to take off your shoes after entering a private house. If your host doesn't mind, they will say so.
- In Iceland, punctuality is not as important as in many other Nordic countries. People usually do not show up 15 minutes later than the stipulated time, or even much later than attending parties or other social gatherings.
- When speaking English, Icelanders may use the word "fuck" more often than expected in English-speaking countries. This is because vulgar opinions are usually expressed and should not be misunderstood, and the counterpart of the word in Icelandic is not as strong as the swear word in English.
- If you feel the urge to discuss the global economic crisis, please remember that this is an emotional issue-Iceland suffered more losses in the banking crisis than many countries, and ordinary people lost a lot of purchasing power.
- It is not uncommon for Icelanders to ask foreigners what they think of Iceland as the first question. The standard questions are: "What do you think of Iceland?" or "Do you like Iceland?". Since Iceland is a very small country, this is a big problem, but it is also a national internal joke. It is usually best to be positive, because many Icelanders may get angry with negative views of their country and take defensive measures.
- Iceland is one of the few countries with an active whaling industry. If you choose to stand against whaling, then you can expect that some Icelanders will have strong support for whaling and are ready to debate this issue. Don’t Hope to win the argument.
- Although Iceland is officially aLutheranismHowever, only a few Icelanders actively practice this belief, while contemporary Iceland is largely secular. Despite this, even non-religious Icelanders tend to be proud of their church, so when you visit them, you should always dress and behave politely.
Communication
Telephone
If you need urgent help, please call directly112. This call is free and will be answered by an emergency service operator who will ask you what services you need (police, fire, ambulance, coast guard, rescue team, civil defense and child abuse prevention) and your location.
The phone number for non-emergency calls is different from the phone number in your country. To apply for non-emergency medical services in the Capital Region, you can call1770。
Directory lookup (number lookup) of Iceland phone numbers is provided by Iceland Telecom. The phone number is1818。
The country code for Iceland is354. When calling Iceland from overseas, dial the international access code (in most parts of Europe,00, The U.S. and Canada are011Or any mobile phone is ""), followed by the user number. Iceland does not use area codes.
due tomobile phoneThe widespread use of pay phones is not common.
The cost of the fixed telephone is calculated based on the dial-up fee and the cost per minute. The dial-up fee for all domestic calls is usually 3 crowns, the cost per minute to fixed calls is 10 crowns, and the cost per minute to GSM is about 21 crowns (as of December 2014).
mobile phone
Mobile phones are widely used in Iceland. The main communication operators are Icelandic telecom, Vodafone and Nova. The first two (Iceland Telecom and Vodafone) use 2G services, and all of these services use 3G and 4G services. 2G coverage is very wide, covering most areas of the country. 3G coverage is relatively small, and 4G only covers cities and towns in the country.
Since it is from a domestic number, the calls you receive on your mobile phone are free.
Anytime payment (prepaid) plan is available. Fill up the phone with a top-up card on the ATM or the telecommunications company's website. There is no contract and no bill. Some operators also offer packages that mix text, phone and/or data at reasonable prices. These packages can be added with your initial recharge or deducted from your balance.
If you have an unlocked GSM compatible phone (dual-band and tri-band phones compatible with 800, 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz), you can purchase a SIM card from the phone socket.
The cost of the mobile phone is calculated based on the dial-up fee and the cost per minute. The dial-up fee for all domestic numbers is usually 15 krona, all domestic calls are charged at 25 krona per minute, and each text message is charged at 15 krona. The cost of Internet access is 12 CZK/MB (as of May 2019).
the Internet
Internet hotspots can be found in restaurants, cafes and airports. For customers in these places, the Internet is free.
Most parts of Iceland have 3G network coverage. 3G data services should roam seamlessly to the Icelandic network. A USB data card that provides a 3G or 4G connection can be obtained from Iceland Telecom. 4G is also gradually being rolled out in Iceland.