 | warn:It is very important to connect the device to a suitable voltage. For example, connect a device with a rated voltage of 110V to a 230V power supply.Is very dangerous, This may cause the equipment to completely burn down, catch fire, burn or even explode; conversely, it is also risky to connect equipment with a higher rated voltage (220-240V) to a lower voltage power supply (such as 110V). In this case, the equipment It may not be used normally, or even completely damaged. in addition,foreverDon't think that as long as the plug and socket are suitable, the appliance can be used normally. |
all over the worldPower SystemsThere are some differences. The design of sockets and plugs is also different due to the difference in the power system. Nevertheless, you can still take some measures to ensure the safety of you and your electronic equipment.
basic concept
Voltage and frequency
Blue is 220--240 V, 50 Hz
Orange is 100--127 V, 60 Hz
Dark blue is 220--240 V, 60 Hz
100--127 V, 50 Hz for brown
Check your electronic equipment. If noted above100–240V, 50/60 Hz, Then as long as you find a suitable plug, you can use it anywhere in the world, and you don’t need to care about the following content anymore. Otherwise, please continue reading.
You may not intend to understand the knowledge of the power system, but it is actually not difficult. For traveling, you only need to know that the current outlets are all alternating current, and you only need to understand the two concepts of voltage and frequency. There are two main types of power systems used in countries around the world:
- 100–127V voltage, 60Hz frequency (such as North America and Central America and Western Japan)
- 220–240V voltage, 50Hz frequency (usually in other places)
You can occasionally find voltage and frequency combinations that are not common in your area. For example, you can findTokyo、MadagascarAnd someCaribbeanThe island finds a power source with a voltage of 100–127V and a frequency of 50 Hz. In other places, for example South Korea、Peru、BrazilSome areas andGuyanaThere are also power supplies with 220-240V voltage and 60 Hz frequency. Some countries use 60Hz power supply, but in some areas use 100-127V voltage and 220-240V voltage, for exampleBrazil、the PhilippineswithSaudi Arabia. When you travel to these countries, you must be very careful, you need to confirm the local voltage and frequency. In addition, you may also need to pay attention to multi-phase power systems, please refer toLarge-scale household power supply (single-phase power supply, split-phase power supply or three-phase power supply)Subsection.
If the rated voltage and frequency of your device are the same as your destination, then you only need to care about the plug. Note that the voltage and frequency numbers of the device and the power supply should be strictly equal, even if 110V and 120V or 220V and 240V seem not much different, it is still a world of difference for the device; for example, the local power supply is not compatible with your device , Then you need atransformerorconverterTo convert the voltage. You can find these things in most travel product stores.
Plugs and plug adapters
ifBoth voltage and frequency are the same, But the shape of the plug and the socket are different, you can consider buyingPlug adapter, For example inGermanyUse British plugs. The plug adapter is small and cheap. Insert the plug into the adapter, and then plug the adapter into the socket, and then you can use the electrical appliances normally.
There are many types of plugs and sockets in the world, among which there are three widely used plugs:
American type A plug has two parallel pins.
European-style C-type plugs have two round-headed pins. (The picture is the German version)
The British type G plug has three rectangular pins.
Australian Type I plug with two slanted pins and one vertical pin.
- The "American" (Type A) plug has two parallel pins.
- The "European" (C-type) plug has two round-headed pins.
- The "British" (G-type) plug has three rectangular pins.
 | Notice:Do not use the 4.0 mm round needleEuropean socket(Europlug) with 4.8 mm round needleEuropean plug(Schuko) Confused. If you make a mistake, either the plug cannot be inserted tightly, or it cannot be inserted at all. |
If your device uses one of the plugs listed above, you can use your device plug in up to 90% of the world, but it is best to bring a plug adapter to avoid unnecessary trouble. The main exceptions areSouth Africa、Australia、new Zealand、ArgentinawithChinaIn some areas.
Experienced person: If you cannot find a suitable plug adapter, and you have to stay there for a long time, you can buy a plug locally, remove the plug of your device, and replace it with a new one. Unlike plug adapters, plug adapters are easier to use and do not require replacement parts.Note: You must know what you are doing! If you have no experience in replacing plugs, it may cause your equipment to catch fire or electric leakage/electric shock.
In addition, the C-type plug can be forcibly inserted into the G-type socket without any adapters and safety standards are ignored. First, insert a pen or a pointed object into the ground hole (the upper hole), the socket will think that the ground hole has been inserted by the plug and open the other holes (in fact, this is what cheap CG plug adapters do ). Be sure to turn off the power to the socket and use a non-conductor/insulator (a dry and non-metallic object). This process may damage the socket (it may cause leakage of electricity and shock innocent people), and it is illegal in some countries. If it causes damage, I hope the owner of the socket will forgive you.
There is another situation to be concerned about here: any double-pin socket isNo ground wire, And all three-pin headers haveGround wireof. It is difficult to make a plug without a ground wire function as a ground wire. C, D, E, F, H, J, K, L-type sockets will accept groundless, C-type plugs will not have the function of grounding. So try to avoiddo not wantUse a plug adapter to convert a three-pin plug into a two-pin plug: This will cause the device to lose the function of the ground wire, which may cause electric shock and other unpleasant things.
Final reminder: Many developing countries useMultiple sockets. This socket accepts Type A and Type C plugs. but,Don’t think that the plug is compatible with the socket, and the voltage is compatible with the deviceFor example, Thailand A C type socket can supply 220V voltage and may cause damage to American (110V) A type plug equipment.
Transformer or converter?
Technical information The difference between a transformer and a converter is whether they convert the waveform of the electric power. Some converters simply remove half of the peaks. This method is simple and can be implemented in a small space, so such a converter is very cheap. Linear transformers change voltage and current. This solution is more complicated and requires more space: transformers consist of wires wrapped in iron blocks in a special way, so they are larger, heavier, and more expensive. General electrical appliances can work in full-wave or half-wave, but electronic devices must use a complete sine wave to work, so electronic devices cannot use simple half-wave converters. |
- If you use 220-240V electrical appliances on the 110V power supply, you need a transformer.
- If you want to use 110V electrical appliances on the 220V to 240V power supply, you can also use a transformer butUse a converter to save money。
If your device is only a heating device or an electric motor such as a curling iron, a dryer or a hair dryer, then you only need to use a converter, butMake sure that your transformer or converter can provide the power your equipment needs. If your device isElectronic equipmentOr use some electronic chips and circuits, such as computers, printers, TVs, microwave ovens, video recorders or battery chargers, you must use a transformer.
Before you buy a transformer or converter, please read the following articles to learn more about the functions and differences between the transformer and the converter.
transformer
- There are two types of transformers:BoostwithBuck。
- The step-up transformer allows you toThe low voltage provided by the power supply should be increased to the high voltage required by the equipment(For example, using Chinese equipment in Japan).
- The step-down transformer allows you toThe high voltage provided by the power supply is reduced to the voltage required by the device(For example, using Japanese equipment in China).
- Some transformers have both step-up and step-down functions. You must be careful with the transformer you use: if you connect a 110- to -220V booster transformer to a 220V socket, you will get a voltage of 440V and your equipment will catch fire or even explode.
- You must also ensure that the transformerpower（watt) At least 10% more than the rated power of the equipment; otherwise, the transformer will overheat or even catch fire. Before purchasing a transformer, check the "input" information of the device: it is usually located in the plug of the device or in the manual of the device. Some devices may not indicate the power, but you can directly multiply the voltage (V) by the current (amperes (A); if it is milliamps (mA), divide by 1000). The calculated result is power.
- Transformers are suitable for various electronic equipment (such as those with electronic chips and circuits) and electrical appliances (such as some heating equipment and motors). The transformer can continue to run longer than the converter.
converter
The converter is lighter and cheaper than the transformer. The converter can handle up to 1600 watts of electrical power, but it can only step down, not step up. The converter is suitable for 110-120V equipment in countries where the power supply is 220 to 240V. The design of the converter makes it only work every timeOne to two hours，Instead ofContinuous work. As mentioned before,The converter is not suitable for use in electronic equipment: Those devices that use electronic chips or circuits, such as computers, printers, video recorders, or battery chargers.
In modern times, many electronic devices actually already have a converter. It will convert the current to direct current. Nevertheless, if the device still cannot withstand the local voltage (check the plug or the label elsewhere on the device) youCan notUse another converter. You must use a heavier transformer directly. Fortunately, in recent years, more and more devices have the world voltageAC/DCAdapter, of course, if the plug of your device is not compatible with the local area, you still need a plug adapter.
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (sometimes calledCycle/sec) Under normal circumstances, there is no problem-most scenic spots use 50 or 60 Hz power supply. If all electrical appliances emit light and heat normally (except fluorescent lights), then frequency is generally not a problem. Japan is an exception. Eastern Japan (e.g.Tokyo) Use 50Hz power supply but Western Japan (e.g.Osaka) Use 60Hz power supply. Equipment made for the Japanese market may have a switch to choose between 50Hz or 60Hz power.
The frequency most likely to affect is the clock or the motor of the device. They may work faster or slower than they should, and may cause damage in the long run. In addition, some mobile devices can work at 50 or 60 Hz—especially those that can work on batteries. If you want to know the scope of application of electrical appliances, just check the device label or plug.
However, if you have a sensitive or expensive device that uses alternating current (from a wall socket) to direct current (like battery current)-especially if you also need to switch its voltage, you still need to be careful . A device that converts AC power to DC power can save battery power. It allows you to plug in the battery in the utility power or charging device. The power supply design supports the conversion of AC to DC equipment to take the frequency into consideration.
Although it is easier to convert 60Hz alternating current than 50Hz,mostSmall appliances and electronic products have enough redundant design to allow you to ignore frequency issues. However, you still need to change the voltage (because the voltage of your device is different from the power supply), youcan notUse switching converters. If in doubt, please consult a reputable electronics distributor.
If your equipment can't work at different frequencies (high-power motors, non-quartz clocks), you have almost no way to solve the problem of different frequencies. Unlike voltage, the frequency cannot be easily changed because the frequency is designed in the power plant. Foreign embassies may need to use huge generators to provide current compatible with household appliances.
If you desperately need the same frequency as your home country, you can try an on-board 12V DC to AC converter. However, most of these converters (especially those commonly found in shopping malls) output a "sawtooth" wave instead of a sine wave. Check the manufacturer’s website. If you need a sine wave output, you may need a special product. For example, a sine wave must be used for the clock holding time. Make sure that the power of the converter is enough to meet the needs of any device to operate, and the 12V battery has enough current to work. For example, 12V and 15 amps can get a maximum of 180 watts (with sufficiently small losses).
Another option is to use an "uninterruptible power supply" (UPS), usually used for computer equipment. Prices and sizes vary. If the voltage in your country is different from what you need, you need an iron core transformer with the same rated power. If necessary, be sure to check the output of "pure sine wave".
Unstable power supply
In many developing countries, the power supply is very unstable and you need to take precautions to protect your equipment.
The main danger isSurge, The voltage provided in an instant surges to a dangerous level, with potentially catastrophic consequences. In developed countries, the main source of power surges is lightning strikes, but in developing countries, they are oftenpower failureAfter reIncoming callWhen appearing. The simplest protection method is to simply "disconnect the electronic device" after a power failure. Once the power fails, wait a few minutes after re-powering, and then plug the plug back into the socket.
Surge protector It is a device specially designed to prevent spikes and surges, and there is a portable travel version. Some surge protectors can also be installed on the phone line to protect the modem connected to your mobile phone or laptop. The most common models usedMetal oxide varistor(MOV), if it exceeds the specified voltage, it will short-circuit to ground. But this is easy to be damaged by larger lightning. The better model will have an indicator light when the MOV is damaged, but you still need to pay attention to your device, because the device will continue to supply power when the protector is damaged. There are also surge protectors equipped withfuse——A circuit safety device (a blown fuse will stop power supply) and can be replaced, but there is still a risk of fast and intense lightning strikes, which can damage your equipment before the fuse blows.
In some (mostly backward) areas, you may encounterBuck. Taking 240V as an example, you may only be able to obtain a voltage of 200V or even lower (50% of the unknown rated voltage). Especially if you are at the "end of the line" (away from the power supply or transformer) and it is caused by the resistance of the wire itself, then some electrical appliances, such as light bulbs and heating equipment, can only work at lower voltages, although only 20 % Of the voltage drops, but the power will drop by 36%, and there are more unknown reactions. Most electronic devices still keep working, but the voltage drop is critical for fluorescent lights, refrigerators, and air conditioners that may stop working (usually not damaged: when the voltage returns to normal, they will start working again).
Can be used calledStabilizerorAVR(Automatic voltage regulator) special device to solve the voltage drop. The stabilizer will rise to the normal level again. The principle is the same as that of a switching converter, even if the input is unstable, it can produce a stable output. Stabilizers have different power ranges, but they are all heavy and bulky, making them impractical. However, please also note that some electrical appliances, such as refrigerators, will consume two or three times the usual power when they are started, and the stabilizer should be able to provide this power. If there is a power failure, the voltage stabilizer may cause a surge. The cheaper and most common type of relay can also damage electronic equipment, not worth the gain.
Electrical appliances
If you need to buy a new electrical appliance, then please also develop the habit of checking the voltage that the product can withstand. Buying a dual-voltage appliance is not more expensive than a single-voltage appliance, and it can save a lot of trouble.
laptop
Virtually all notebook computers (including those with a built-in power supply) can withstand voltages from 100V to 240V and frequencies from 50 to 60 Hz. In other words, you don’t need any converters or transformers: the power information that the laptop can accept is printed somewhere on the computer (usually on the back of the laptop or on the power adapter). You also need to check whether the computer's plug is compatible with the local outlet.
The laptop’s power supply is usuallyIdeal for accepting bad or changing power supply. Many manufacturers use the same type of power supply, so obtaining spare parts is not very difficult. For example, the types used by Hewlett-Packard and Compaq are very common. It is also very easy and cheap to obtain backup power from major online shopping sites. However, please also make sure that it can completely replace the power supply made by the real manufacturer, rather than using cheap spare parts (which can cause great danger). When using spare parts, you may be exposed to the risk of unknown reactions. Of course, if the supply of your laptop is small, thenDon'tTake any risks.
If you want to carry a laptop, you can choose a laptop with a USB interface (please rest assured that almost all laptops on the market currently have at least one USB port), even if these interfaces are not used at all at all— This saves you a complete set of transformers in your luggage. You only need to have a correct USB data cable, because there are many types of data cables.
radio
Radio signals can often be connected between countries. The FM ranges used in different countries/regions are different, so you may not be able to access all radio stations. E.g:
- existAmerica, Only odd-numbered channels (such as 88.1, 88.3, 100.1, etc.) will be used. Radio stations broadcast specifically for the U.S. market will not be available in most other countries.
- existJapan, Japan’s FM band is from76MHz to 90MHzRather than the more common87.5MHz to 108MHz。
- Former Soviet UnionOf countries also use similar frequency bands.
For the mid-band, the channel spacing (the difference between each effective frequency) can be 9kHz (Europe) Or 10kHz (America). Radios with digital displays and tuning buttons may have switches or settings to choose which channel spacing to use. Without this, they may not work properly outside of the expected market. But old-fashionedAnalog dial tunerThere is no such restriction.
If you need a new radio during international travel, you can choose to consider a radio that includes a "short wave band" (SW). In this way, you can receive news and information from all over the world. The short wave is higher than the AM band (frequency), but the number is particularly large.
In the past ten years, the size and price of AM, SW, and FM radios have dropped significantly, making them more convenient to use, and many mobile phones have radio functions (although some mobile phones need to use plug-in headsets as antennas). There are now some base stations that provide the SSB function. They are usually used for voice communication for hobbyists, but for most people, this is not necessary. If you need the SSB function, then please make sure it can automatically adjust the signal, because it is quite difficult to adjust the signal manually. On the radioBFOKnob means SSB tuning is notAutomatically adjust the signalof.
Digital broadcasting
Digital broadcasting is widely used in some countries, but generally does not attract a large number of viewers. So listening to the radio is still their main channel for getting news. The most common systems are DAB (Europe), DAB, DRM and HD Radio (USA). For travelers, chooseAnalog signal radioIs the best choice.
Mobile phone and digital camera
- See:mobile phone
These chargers may be compatible with both 110V and 240V systems, but if possible, you still need to be equipped with an adapter plug or must use a shaver socket. You can get a second charger for another voltage system, or even use a dual voltage charger for both systems. However, your mobile phone may not be compatible with the country’s network, or you may be limited to certain specific cellular network operators to receive the mobile signal normally.
Use standard equipment battery
The size and voltage of the battery are often two places and two standards, and devices that use off-the-shelf batteries are often interchangeable. In some countries, it may be difficult to obtain high-quality batteries, especially alkaline batteries required by most electronic devices, so if necessary, please purchase the corresponding batteries before entering the country. If you use a relatively cheap battery, make sure to remove it immediately after it is exhausted, otherwise it may be due toDanger of battery leakageThe device cannot be used for a period of time.
The cost of dual-voltage battery chargers for NiCad and NiMH usually does not exceed that of single-voltage chargers. You need to find out if this feature is available before purchasing. If the existing single-voltage charger uses a 12V DC adapter, pleaseVFind a good quality dual voltage adapter under the DC power supply (110VUp to 240V), its DC current rating (inmand / orABetween) is equal to or equal to or higher than the charger end of the same size plug, if the charger is directly plugged into the power source without any power cord, this operation cannot be performed.
Be cautious
Large-scale household power supply (single-phase power supply, split-phase power supply or three-phase power supply)
Most countries use a three-phase system to distribute power to industrial/commercial facilities such as large hotels and factories. There are three different straight/phase wires and an optional single neutral wire.
Three-phase outlets (although rare) are mainly found in industrial buildings. They can be identified by seemingly non-standard connectors (compared to ordinary household plugs and sockets in a country), are larger because they can carry more power, and usually have at least four pins to accommodate three Add neutral or ground. They are usually used in motors, large air conditioners, industrial/commercial ovens and other large machines that require a lot of power. No matter how many phases they use, the frequency of the power supply (50 Hz or 60 Hz) remains the same.
On these systems (if there is a neutral wire), the voltage from one phase to the other is 1.73 times the voltage from one phase to neutral or ground.
The domestic outlets are always single-phase. Household outlets will only accept phase or neutral wires.
In countries with poor power performance, connecting a single-phase socket to two phases does not increase the voltage. Because it is dangerous and may damage electronic equipment. usually,Do not try to connect your personal electrical appliances directly to an unknown three-phase system。
In most countries, the lowest available line-to-neutral voltage of a three-phase power supply will match the domestic single-phase voltage, but there may be other high-risk voltages used for industrial distribution. For example, Canada uses 600 volts (from one phase to the neutral point, it provides a voltage of 347V), while the United States uses 480 volts (of which 277 volts is used for the neutral line). So it's best to simply leave these systems behind, the actual equipment used (not to mention the need) is not suitable for travelling luggage with so many functions.
There is a change in North America: the center uses a 240V system. This is anNominallyA single-phase system, which consists of two wires (a total of 240V, 60Hz line-to-line) plus a neutral wire (so the neutral wire on either side of the line is 120V 60Hz). The 240V socket on this system is usually driven by two currents to drive the blades to rotate sideways (making the 120V plug not suitable for 240V sockets), or use physically larger incompatible connectors: electric stoves or ranges usually carry heavy four-wires The cable, which carries the circuit on both sides, has a neutral and special protective ground on the oversized plug.
If you see a non-standard (for its country) or super-large connector, please note that the voltage or current it provides may also be non-standard (for example, 240V, 60Hz in the nominal 120V area to transport large appliances). Don't just connect and directly hope this is the best.
Dynamo
In many countries where the power distribution system is not fully developed, you can often see the use of generators, and the sales are also very high. However, in many places, they are bad and may cause damage to connected sensitive devices because the voltage, frequency, and waveform shape (it should be a smooth sine wave) can be different.
In some places, people usually modify the generator to run faster, which can provide more voltage and power, but also increases the frequency. The part of the generator that keeps running at a constant speed is called the governor. If it is tampered with, the output voltage may rise enough to cause damage to the appliance. So the best advice is:Do not connect any valuable equipment to the generator to supply electricity, or at least disconnect it after completion。
If you are not sure about the quality of using a generator, then here are some simple rules:
- If this generator uses a gasoline power system, then the quality of this generator is not very good. Because any generator of good quality will be driven by a diesel power system.
- A high-quality generator will have a relatively low engine speed: for example, 1500 RPM at 50 Hz or 1800 RPM at 60 Hz. If the engine speed is above 3000RPM, then the quality of this generator is not very good.
light
Lamps and bulbs are very sensitive to voltage. If you switch between voltage systems, you need to replace a bulb to match the current voltage, unless the bulb is designed to run on both systems, such as through a low-voltage adapter. If you plan to buy lamps abroad, when your country meets the electrical safety standards of your country, you may need an electrician to help you install and light the lamps.
And also need to pay attention to the connection of the bulb. In a 100-127V system, it is usually usedScrew connector, And in 220-240V system, usually useBayonet connector. These connectors also come in a variety of different sizes, so make sure you can get the correct voltage, size and connector shape of the bulb in the country where you want to use the bulb, and the price is reasonable, otherwise when the bulb fails, the bulb may be more garbage Also rubbish.
Please note that both fluorescent lamps and LED lighting contain electronic components, so they must be usedHeavy iron core transformerTo convert the voltage. The converter isUnacceptable。
Some fluorescent lamps may be very sensitive to changes in frequency (50 or 60 Hz) if it is different from the specified frequency. The most affected are those with large coils or inductors asBallastThe fixture to limit the current into the bulb, because the impedance of these coils is proportional to the frequency. Electronic ballasts usually connect AC linesDirect conversionIt is DC, and then converted to a higher frequency alternating current, causing the frequency of the line to be ignored.
Electric motor
The motors of appliances such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners, washing machines, etc. are usually very sensitive to changes in frequency. For example, old hair dryers and electric razors are also possible.
Even if a step-up or step-down transformer is used, the different power frequency will mean that the motor will run at the wrong speed and quickly burn out the appliance. The greater the frequency of the motor, the greater the speed.
For example, don't bring vacuum cleaners from the United States to Europe (and vice versa). It is almost completely guaranteed to be useless-even if you have a voltage converter.
Electric shaver
Hotels usually provide special power sockets for electric shavers and electric toothbrushes. They allow any voltage shaver to be inserted into it and are safely prevented from in front of the bathroom mirror.
They can also accept your mobile phone adapter or similar low-power battery charger. Many-but not all-electric shavers sold today are dual-voltage 50/60Hz, and some can even be charged in 12V DC (such as in cars).
In any case, please be sure to check the compatibility of the label and the instructions.
hair dryer
If you use a hair dryer, please be aware of a possible danger: if you accidentally plug your 100-120V hair dryer into a 240V socket, you may find it catches fire in your hands!
However, newer models should have a thermal switch. If possible, please cool down for about 15-20 minutes, and then use a voltage converter (if the dryer is compatible with 50Hz).
Similarly, if a 220V-240V hair dryer runs on a 120V socket, the speed may be extremely slow and it will not heat up.
High-level hotels and motels may provide their own hair dryers. However, you may also need to buy or borrow a hair dryer that is suitable for your country's electrical system.
Many new hair dryers sold in countries that use voltages of 100-120V are dual-voltage hair dryers with voltage settings of 100-120V and 220-240V, and work at 50 or 60 Hz.
Also don’t forget to lock the settings with a flat-head screwdriver or something similar. At 220-240V, the lower setting may also become as powerful as the high setting at home (the "low wind" will not blow out at all).
clock
Any kind of electromagnetic clock is sensitive to voltage. If the voltage is doubled or halved, it will not operate and may even be burned out.
In addition, electrical frequencies (50 or 60 Hz) are used for relatively inexpensive clocks (such as many clocks, such as radio clocks) to keep time.
Therefore, if the clock used in Europe is used outside Europe-even with a voltage adapter, it will go slowly for at least ten minutes in an hour! Obviously, if you need to catch a train, this is not a good idea at all.
On the other hand, if the clock has a quartz crystal, it is used for timekeeping, and its operation is independent of the line frequency. An inexpensive battery-powered digital LCD travel clock (with button backlight) can also be used. These suggestions are suitable for destinations with frequent power outages.
Video equipment
Televisions, radios, DVD players, and video tape players are usually determined for the broadcasting system used in the country in which they are sold, and they are usually related to the current frequency of the country/region. E.g,North AmericaIs 60Hz, the TV set 30 frames per second, andEuropeAt 50Hz, the TV set has 25 frames per second. The three main analog TV broadcasting systems arePAL, Closest to global standardsNTSC——Mainly used in the Americas and some East Asian countries (noJapan、South Korea,withTaiwan)withSECAM——It turned out to be fromFranceStarted to use and was mostlyEastern Europewithmiddle Eastuse.
But in these standards, there are also various incompatibilities. For unconvertednumberVideo (including DVD), between PAL and SECAM systemsno difference. However, the output of any analog signal to the TV will be in the local format set by the country/region.BrazilThe hybrid PAL/NTSC standard called "PAL-M" is used. In Brazil, the signal system of DVDs and video tapes is the same as NTSC (no regional coding-see below). Unless the device has a separate NTSC setting, all players and TVs will only work abroad.
Before buying any video equipment, you shouldRead the product manual and warranty card carefully. Don't forget the receiving frequency of cable TV, because they may be different: even if the working voltage is the same as the video standard, these often fail to work in other countries where they are sold. In addition, many countries have already or are beginning to switch to digital broadcasting, (Date list)。
For aerial digital TV, there are also multiple standards:DVBThe most common in the world, but with the US system (ATSC, Used in South Korea and North America) is not compatible. Both of these are related to the Japanese system (ISDB) Is inconsistent, and the system is also used in the Philippines and most of South America. China uses a unique format calledDTMB. Even in each system, there are usually two different encoding formats: MPEG2 and H.264/MPEG-4AVC. E.g,AustraliaUse the former,new ZealandUse the latter, whileU.KBoth are used, although all three countries use the DVB format.
Unless you have a device that is internationally compatible, you may find an expensive system in another countryIt may be just a rubbish of no value, Because it cannot be used with the broadcasting system of your country/region. Your warranty may only be valid in the country of purchase, so you may need to return the goods to the place where you purchased it.
The last problem with transporting TV is that many European countries (such as the infamousU.K) You need to obtain a license to watch any live TV (whether it is wireless TV, cable TV, satellite TV or even live broadcast on the Internet), otherwise you will be fined. This even includes USB TV tuners for computers and laptops, if they can receive DVB. Their size (without connection) can be almost as small as a jump drive.
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DVD region code distribution area
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The outrage about DVD and Blu-ray discs is that theyRegion codeIn the form ofCompletely artificial restrictions, Trying to limit the areas where the disc can be used as a technology to treat each area as a separate market. For example, viewers in North America Zone 1 cannot play DVDs in Hong Kong Zone 3. The solution is to getA region-free DVD player that ignores region codes. Buy a multi-zone disc (in this case, zone 1 and zone 3), or better yet a zone 0 disc that can be played on any device.
Blu-ray disc in a standard DVD playerCan't play at all-Even if a lower resolution is used. However, Blu-ray discs played on Blu-ray players can be displayed in standard definition. For the TV, you only need to have the correct cables and connections, butDoes notCompatible with HDMI cables. Many low-end Blu-ray players can only use HDMI output, they cannot be reduced to a standard size or provide analog output. HDMI jack on laptopCan only be used for other displaysOutputLaptop signal instead ofenterSignals from other places。
Please note that the Blu-ray player requiresFrequent Internet updatesTo play the latest movies. So every time you buy or rent a newly released CD, please be sure toWhere there is no internet(orDisconnect from the network) To visit it. The computer also needs to play DVD/Blu-ray software on the computer (e.g.PowerDVDEtc.) to update. So it’s better to go beforetryStart playing the disc and update as needed. Blu-ray Disc playbackunnecessarySimultaneously make an Internet connection. If you canUpdate in advance, Then it will be very convenient.
technically,Absolutely notThings like NTSC or PAL DVD discs, because all the color information on the disc is the same. When discs are marked as such, they refer to those with TV broadcasts on the same systemmost(But not all!) The image size and frame rate (ie, frames per second) used in the country. For example, many NTSC players cannot play PAL DVDs unless this is a specific feature (many Philips and JVC models include this). PAL DVD players usually have the effect when playing NTSCbetter, But this is not deterministic.
If all else fails, then the computer DVD-ROM can play any DVD movie, despite a certain number ofCan modify the area codechance. Unlike analog TVs, computer monitors canAutomatic processing25 per second (PALwithSECAM) Frame or 30 (NTSC) Various image sizes of frames. This also applies to LCD and plasma "flat-panel" TVs, but please alsoDon't expectTheir tuners are compatible outside of the country where they are currently sold.
Video cameras can usually be charged using two power systems, so you can record and reset them while traveling. Digital cameras and camcorders can usually output toPAL，NTSCwithSECAMThree systems, so you can view recordings while traveling. If you plan to watch the video from a video camera on a European TV, pleaseRCA(Yellow plug) plugged intoSCARTadapter.
If you areVHS video tapeAnything on it, it’s best to convert it to DVD before traveling (PALwithNTSCThe conversion between can be completed before burning). useVideo capture cardYou can record VHS to a file on your computer. Then use DVD burning software to burn the files to a blank DVD.
If needed, addDVDConvert from one format to another (PAL、NTSCorSECAM), it can be done on a computer with high performance, or it can be done with a general computer, but this may take a lot of time. Conventional blank discs can normally make copies in external formats, because they record only a bunch of 0s and 1, which is different from anything else. The copy can be anyFast conversion, While convertingcan not。
stay safe
The motto of electrical engineers
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It is the first time to use electrical equipment on this voltage system that has not been used before, so please pay attention to the phenomenon of overheating, peculiar smell and smoke. For 120V with a higher voltage (America、Canada、JapanThis is especially true for residents of the country. Smoke is a sure sign that your equipment cannot cope with the voltage system.
If your electrical equipment appears similar toVery hot and has a burning smell(The electrical appliance itself or the circuit board has an obvious smell)Or/evenIt started to smoke.immediatelyTurn it off in the fuse box or main switch on the wall, and then carefully unplug the device. In fact, just grab the smoking device, plug or wire, and then unplug the power plug. Do not disconnect or unplug the power supply, because these parts are very hot, the insulation layer may have melted or become unsafe, and may even cause Electric shock. Rubber gloves can protect you from electrical conduction (because the human body can also conduct electricity), but it does not insulate you.
You may find that more expensive equipment has exploded because of the wrong voltage and needs to be replaced. However, if the device is only very hot and does not smoke or produce a strange burning smell, you may be lucky-because it may not be a big problem.
Some older devices have fuses, you can choose to replace them with new ones. Any new equipment, such as game consoles, will trip the circuit breaker. Disconnect all power and leave it on for about 60 minutes. Generally, the circuit breaker will reset. Having said that, don't rely on fuses to protect your equipment. If the fuse is blown, you should check for anything related to electricity before using the suspicious device again (unless you are sure that you accidentally plugged the 120V device into the 240V power supply).
It is not uncommon for visitors to plug in something that happens to be out of power in countries in the third world where power is often cut off. Please be sure to check whether the neighbors around you have electricity before you blame the equipment or check the fuse/circuit breaker.
Electric shock
Electric shockIt is caused by the current passing through the human body rather than along the neutral loop. "Electric shock may kill"It is obvious, because under the power supply voltage, only a very small current (0.03 ampere) is required to interfere with the heart's electrical system and cause a person's cardiac arrest.
A damaged or frayed power cord is likely to cause electric shock, especially when it comes in contact with water. If the power cord is worn or damaged, stop using the product immediately and repair or replace the power cord immediately.
A sort ofResidual current device (RCD) (Also called ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) in the United States and Canada) can help you prevent electric shock. It will measure the current difference between the wire and the neutral wire. If the difference is too large (indicating leakage to the ground), then the RCD will automatically trip. Most of the newly built and remodeled houses in developed countries now require RCDs on the distribution boards. If you are using electrical appliances outdoors or in wet places (such as bathrooms), you can purchase plug-in RCDs for personal electrical appliances.
How to prevent electric shock?
- Avoid touching electrical appliances or switches with wet parts of the body.Moisture in contact with the skin is a good electrical conductor,andWater can come into contact with live parts through electrical appliances or switches, Make the current flow to the body.
- Regularly check or replace electrical equipment. Dilapidated electrical appliances are easy to expose wires or cause short circuits to cause leakage.
- Connect the ground wire for electrical appliances (especially those with metal shells) to short-circuit the "human body load". In this way, even if the wires inside the appliance are loose and cause leakage, the current will pass through the ground instead of touching the person who is in the appliance.
- If it is necessary to carry out similar maintenance work on electrical appliances, when conditions permit, this work should be handed over to an electrician or professional maintenance personnel as far as possible. When handling by yourself, you should only touch the exposed metal part of the machine with one hand. This is because when an electric shock occurs when two hands are used for work at the same time, the current will pass from one hand to the other, and it is likely to pass through the heart in the middle, which increases the fatal danger. If you use only one hand, even if you get an electric shock, the current will only flow to the foot, and the current flowing through the heart is relatively small. At the same time, it is best to wear rubber gloves with good insulating properties, rubber shoes or dry cardboard, wooden boards or benches under the feet. Avoid possible electric shock.
- In bad weather, avoid standing in an open place to avoid being struck by lightning. However, in some cases, standing under buildings without lightning protection facilities (including their roofs or rooftops) and large trees is not a good avoidance measure. Isolated buildings or trees may be the main targets most vulnerable to lightning strikes due to their height. People standing under them may also be affected by lightning strikes. In fact, data shows that in mountainous areas, many people are victimized by standing under trees or in pavilions on the top of the mountain.
Power spikes and surges
Power peakIt is a dangerous level of temporarily supplied voltage with potentially catastrophic consequences. In developed countries, the main source of spikes is weather events such as thunderstorms. In developing countries, they are oftenPower outage、Unstable voltageRegarding, although there may be power restoration, it is rarely possible to recover smoothly and completely.
Therefore, the cheapest method of protection is as long as theDisconnect electrical equipment, Wait a few minutes after the power is restored, until you plug it in again.
Surge protectorIt is a device designed to prevent spikes and surges, and it is available in a portable travel size version. Some surge protectors can also be installed on the phone line to protect your cell phone or laptop modem. The most common is to useMetal oxide varistor(MOV), if it exceeds a given voltage, it will become shorter. These are easily destroyed by larger spikes, and better models will have a light indicating when the MOV has failed, but you still need to pay attention to them, because the device will continue to supply power even if the protective measures are gone. There are also fused surge protectors. These fuses are fail-safe (a blown fuse will lose power) and can be replaced, but there is still a danger of a short sharp spike that may pass through and damage the device before the fuse blows.
Turning on or off equipment with high power can also cause surges: refrigerators and air conditioners are common examples. Even copiers that draw different amounts of power during the paper cycle can generate considerable noise on the wires. For old equipment and buildings, this is more of a problem than new equipment.Developing countriesThere will be more problems than elsewhere.
an examination
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As mentioned above, although things like cell phone chargers and electric shavers (often traveling with their owners) are now designed to handle different voltages and frequencies, you must be more careful if you bring your appliances overseas. If you are usingCarrying equipment that is not suitable for travel, Please consider usingmultimeterWith you can handle hundreds of volts alternating current and learn how to use it.
With a multimeter, you can easily check the voltage in the socket without risking the life of the device. Displays with digital displays are easier to read, and some are as compact as small pocket calculators.