Africa - 非洲

AfricaIt is the state with the most countries. There are 54 sovereign states and the second largest continent in terms of population and area. North africaMediterranean,westAtlantic, Northeast isRed Sea, A little further south isGulf of Aden, SoutheastIndian Ocean. Africa is a vast continent of 8,000 kilometers from north to south and 7,500 kilometers from east to west (excluding islands), and is home to many people of different colors, beliefs and cultures.

Africa’s representative tourist attractions are Egypt’spyramid, Lake Nakuru National Park in Kenya, etc.

area

city

• Accra — The capital of Ghana and one of the most convenient tourist cities in West Africa.
• Addis Ababa — The capital of Ethiopia and a major hub for NGOs and the African Union
• Cairo — The largest city in Africa with countless ancient Egyptian relics
• Cape Town —The iconic "Mother City" of South Africa. Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope and other tourist attractions.
• Dakar — The capital of Senegal, the westernmost city in Africa.
• Johannesburg -South Africa's largest city, and perhaps the key economic center of all of Africa.
• Luanda — The capital of Angola has seen a huge revival in recent years.
• Marrakech -A city where modernity and classicism blend in in Morocco.
• Nairobi — The capital of Kenya, the largest city in East and Central Africa, and the only headquarters of the United Nations agency outside Europe and the United States.

Other destinations

learn

history

• In 20,000 years ago, terracotta statues appeared in Algeria.
• In the first 9000 years, settled villages appeared in Central Africa.
• In 3100 BC, Narmai unified Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt and became the first pharaoh.
• Around 2650 BC, Egypt began to build the Great Pyramid.
• In 2040, the period of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt began.
• In 1350 BC, Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten introduced sun worship.
• In 1085 BC, the period of the New Kingdom of Egypt ended.
• In 814 BC, the Carthaginians established a Phoenician colony.
• In 332 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt.
• In 323 BC, the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt was established.
• In 255 BC, the Roman Empire invaded Africa but failed.
• In 146 BC, Rome conquered Carthage.
• In the first 31 years, Cleopatra VII committed suicide, the Ptolemaic dynasty fell, and Egypt merged into the Roman Empire.
• About 600 years, the Kingdom of Ghana was established.
• In 1067, the Almohad destroyed Ghana.
• Around 1300, the Empire of Benin (now Nigeria) was established.
• In 1390, the Kingdom of Congo was established.
• In 1441, Portugal began to export slaves from West Africa and started the slave trade.

terrain

The terrain of Africa is dominated by plateaus, which are called "Plateau Continents" because of their large plateaus. Plateaus with an altitude of 500 to 1,000 meters account for more than 60% of the continent's area. In the southeast, there are the Ethiopian Plateau, the East African Plateau and South Africa from north to south. plateau. Among them, the Ethiopian plateau has an altitude of more than 2500 meters and is known as the "Roof of Africa". Only the northwest and southeast edges of the continent have high mountains. There are many basins in Africa. For example, the Congo Basin, which is traversed by the equator, is a typical large basin. There is also a small plain on the western coast.

The Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa is the longest rift zone on land in the world. The Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world, accounting for about 1/4 of the total area of ​​the continent.

From the northernmost point of Africa in Tunisia, Cape Benseca (37°21' north latitude) to the southernmost point of Cape Agulhas in South Africa (34°51'15" south latitude), the distance is about 8,000 kilometers. From Africa From Cape Verde, the westernmost point in Senegal (17°33'22" west longitude) to Cape Hafon (51°27'52" east longitude), the easternmost point in Somalia, the distance is about 7,400 kilometers. The coastline of Africa is about 26,000 long. Km, because its continental coastline is relatively straight, so the coastline is less than one-third of Europe (Europe’s coastline is about 32,000 kilometers long).

climate

Three-quarters of Africa’s area is distributed between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, and the equator passes through it. Places with an average annual temperature above 20°C account for about 95% of the continent’s area, and more than half of it is hot all year round. Nearly half of the region has a hot warm season and a warm cool season. The climate is generally warm and hot, characterized by high temperature, little rain, and dryness. The climatic zone is distributed symmetrically from north to south. The equator traverses the center, and the climate generally decreases from the equator with increasing latitude. The annual average temperature of Dallor in northeastern Ethiopia is 34.5℃, which is one of the places with the highest average annual temperature in the world. Aziziyah, south of Tripoli, the capital of Libya, measured a temperature of 57.8°C on September 13, 1922, which was the extreme highest temperature in Africa. Mount Kilimanjaro is located near the equator, but due to its high altitude, the top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round.

The climate of Africa is mainly divided into five regions:

• Desert climate zone: the Sahara Desert in North Africa, and the Namib Desert and Kalahari Desert in Southwestern South Africa.
• Semi-desert climate zone: Located outside the desert climate zone.
• Mediterranean climate: Including Algeria, Morocco, the coast of Tunisia and the Cape Province of South Africa in North Africa.
• Tropical rain forest climate: mainly distributed in the Congo Basin.
• Tropical Mangyuan Climate: Located on the edge of the rainforest climate zone.

The distribution of precipitation in Africa is very uneven. Near the equator and along the Gulf of Guinea are among the regions with the most annual precipitation in the world, while the tropical desert climate areas on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer have very little precipitation. Africa is the continent with the largest arid zone in the world.

Natural resources

Africa has many types of mineral resources and large reserves. The reserves and output of diamond, gold, chromite, phosphate, etc. are among the top in the world. Africa is also extremely rich in animal and plant resources. There are at least 40,000 species of plants in Africa. The forest area accounts for 21% of the total area of ​​Africa. The whole continent is rich in mahogany, ebony, rosewood, coba, ebony, camphor, castanopsis, walnut, yellow lacquered wood, cork oak and other economic forest trees. The grasslands are vast, accounting for 27% of the total area of ​​Africa, ranking first in all continents. The species and number of large wild animals in Africa rank first in all continents of the world.

Northern Africa has a rich and impressive natural landscape, extensive tropical rain forests near the equator; it also has the world's largest desert-the Sahara Desert, which is larger than Australia; in addition, there is the Nile River, the longest in the world, with a length of 6852.06 kilometers.

Suez is 163 kilometers wide at the northeastern tip of Africa. As Africa is a relatively remote place, most countries need a transit canal to separate it from Asia (geopolitical, sometimes the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt east of the Suez Canal is also considered It is part of Africa); to the north is the Mediterranean Sea and Europe across the sea.

The largest and smallest countries in Africa are Algeria and the island nation of Seychelles; the smallest country on the African continent is Gambia.

politics

arrival

Take the opportunity

From Europe

From Asia and the Middle East

From America

From Australia

Road and ferry

By boat

Travel

visa

Take the opportunity

Ride

Bus

Drop by car

Land truck

train

Small boat

Language

The following table lists the population of the main languages ​​spoken in Africa.

Language	Language family	Mother tongue population	Official language status
Afrikaans	Indo-European language family	7,200,000	South Africa
Akan	Niger-Congo	11,000,000	without.GhanaLanguages ​​encouraged by the government
Amharic	Asian and African Languages	22,000,000	Ethiopia
Modern Standard Arabic	Asian and African Languages	150,000,000 Some dialects cannot communicate	Algeria,  Chad,  Comor,  Djibouti,  Egypt,  Eritrea,  Libya,  Mauritania,  Morocco,  Somalia,  Sudan,  Tunisia
Berber	Asian and African Languages		Morocco,  Algeria
Chichewa	Niger-Congo	11,500,000	Malawi,  Zimbabwe
Mauritian Creole	Creole	1,500,000	Mauritius
English	Indo-European
French	Indo-European	(120,000,000 including non-native speakers)
Fula	Niger-Congo	25,000,000
Kikuyu	Niger-Congo	6,600,000
Hausa	Asian and African Languages	34,000,000
Igbo	Niger-Congo	18,000,000
Luanda	Niger-Congo	9,800,000	Luanda
Kirundi	Niger-Congo	8,800,000	Burundi
Congo	Niger-Congo	5,600,000	AngolaRecognized national language
Lingala	Niger-Congo	5,500,000	Democratic Republic of CongoNational language
Luo	Nile-Saharan Languages	15,000,000 - 20,000,000	Ethiopia,  Democratic Republic of Congo,  Kenya,  Tanzania,  Uganda,  South Sudan andSudan.
Malagasy	Austronesian	18,000,000	Madagascar
Moshi	Niger-Congo	7,600,000	Burkina FasoRecognized national language
Southern Ndebele	Niger-Congo	1,090,000	South AfricaOne of the official languages
Northern Sotho	Niger-Congo	4,600,000	South Africa
Oromo	Asian and African Languages	26,000,000	Ethiopia
Portuguese	Indo-European language family	13,700,000 (estimated)	Angola,  Cape Verde,  Guinea Bissau,  Equatorial Guinea,  Mozambique,  Sao Tome and Principe
Sesotho	Niger-Congo	5,600,000	Lesotho,  South Africa,  Zimbabwe
Shilha	Asian and African Languages	14,000,000 (estimated)
Shona	Niger-Congo	14,200,000 includingManica	Zimbabwe,  Mozambique,  Botswana
Somali	Asian and African Languages	16,600,000	Somalia
Swahili	Niger-Congo	55,000,000	Tanzania,  Kenya,  Ugandaofficial language, Democratic Republic of CongoNational language
Tigrinya	Asian and African Languages	7,000,000	Eritrea
Luba-Katanga	Niger-Congo	6,300,000 (1991)	Democratic Republic of CongoNational language
Tswana	Niger-Congo	5,200,000	South Africa,  Botswana
Mbandu	Niger-Congo	6,000,000	AngolaRecognized national language
Yoruba	Niger-Congo	28,000,000
Xhosa	Niger-Congo	7,600,000	South Africa,  Zimbabwe
Zulu	Niger-Congo	10,400,000	South Africa

go sightseeing

Activity

Dining

The food varies greatly, and you can find Arabic-style cuisine (in North Africa) as well as European-derived (in South Africa and Namibia) or local foods derived from pre-colonization. Although you may not find five-star restaurants in every country or even city, if you keep an open mind, you will be attracted by some special dishes~

Nightlife

stay

Safety

Some places are safe, such as Morocco and Mauritius. There are also some countries that are very dangerous, such as Somalia and Central Africa.

Medical treatment

Due to the lack of medical resources in Africa, there are many medical associations but fewer hospitals.

Communication

Some remote and impoverished areas may have no telephone signal. It is recommended that those traveling in groups prepare walkie-talkies or satellite phones.