Azerbaijan is a country located between Asia and Europe, into the Caucasus. The word "Azerbaijan" means "Land of Fires" in the old language. Azerbaijan's neighbors are Russia north, IRAN the south, Georgia, Armenia and Turkey the west. To the east Caspic Sea. The capital is located on the shores of the Caspian Sea Baku. The Azerbaijani people are part of the family of Turkish nations. The majority of the population is Muslim. Azerbaijan, a nation in which the majority of the population is Muslim, is a secular and unitary republic.
About
History
Azerbaijan is one of the oldest states of civilization, being a country with an ancient and rich history, on the territory of which over the centuries has accumulated a rich heritage for the treasure of world culture. The discovery of the Azish Cave - one of the first places where man lived, as well as some objects from the Stone Age, proves that Azerbaijan entered the area where anthropoids lived. The process of tribal formation in this area lasted from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BC. The first political formations appeared on the territory of Azerbaijan in the 9th century BC. The state of Manna, which had a high level of economic and cultural development, whose inhabitants believed in natural phenomena, the Sun and the Moon.
At the beginning of the century. VI i.C. Manna was conquered by the Media and the official religion became Zoroastrianism, the spread of which was linked to the numerous deposits of crude oil and gas, natural sources of fire. Atropatena and Caucasian Albania played an important role in the ancient history of Azerbaijan. The name Atropatena, derived from the name of its leader, Atropat, was later changed to Azerbaijan. It was in Atropatena that the process of forming the Azeri nation began. In the sec. III-V Christianity spread on the territory of Azerbaijan. With the emergence of Christian churches in the Transcaucasia, secular and spiritual life gained a new impetus for development. The inc. sec. V The Albanian alphabet was formed, which boosted the development of education. Many unique cultural monuments of literature and architecture have been preserved to this day.
At the beginning of the century. VIII Azerbaijan was conquered by the Arabs and became part of the Arab caliphate under the name of the villager Arran. During this period, Islam became the main religion of Azerbaijan, laying the foundations of new traditions and cultures. Between the IX-XII centuries, Turkish tribes are established, mixing with the locals of Iranian origin, with Arabs and Albanians, the ethnic synthesis being the Azerbaijani people. Azeris, like other nations that adopted Islam, called themselves Muslims and contributed to the development of Muslim culture. At that time, Azerbaijan enriched the treasury of world culture, giving the world many illustrious scientists, poets and architects. During different periods of the Middle Ages, the state formations Qaraqoyunlu, Agqoyunlu and the Safavid state stood out on the territory of Azerbaijan. Trade routes between Europe and Asia have brought Azerbaijan, which is at their intersection, into the sphere of interest of other states. However, in the sec. XVIII on the territory of Azerbaijan appeared independent states - hanate. But the differences between Russia, Turkey and Iran, which intensified in the twentieth century. XVIII-XIX, turned Azerbaijan into an arena of wars. Based on the Turkmanciai treaty (1928), Russia and Iran divided historical Azerbaijan among themselves: the northern part belonged to Russia, and the southern part to Iran. Now, about 25-30 million Azeris live in Iran.
After the First World War, in 1918, the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan was founded, thus becoming the first republic among Muslim countries. It could exist until 1920, when it was occupied by the Soviet army. Azerbaijan regained its independence in 1991.
Location
Azerbaijan is characterized by an impressive variety of landscapes. Over 40% of its territory is occupied by plains and plains, half of which are at elevations of 400-1500 meters above sea level. Territories located at altitudes above 1500 meters make up just over 10 percent of the country's total territory. The most famous plateau is Kura. The slopes of the mountains are covered with beeches, oaks and firs. The dry subtropical climate, predominant in the eastern and central parts of Azerbaijan, respectively, is characterized by a mild and long winter - four to five months - and a very hot summer.
This environment has been extremely favorable to the economic development of Azerbaijan since primitive agriculture gave way to more appropriate land use.
Azerbaijan has very high mountains (up to 4466 m), forests and sea. Azerbaijan attracts more and more tourists every year.
Destinations
Cities
Other destinations
Get in
By plane
By car
With train
ACTIVITY
Gastronomy
Links
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg/150px-Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg.png)
