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| burner | ||
| Autonomous Province | Bolzano (South Tyrol) | |
|---|---|---|
| Residents | 2,093 (Dec 2010) | |
other value for residents on Wikidata: 2184   | ||
| height | 1,374 m | |
| Tourist info | 39 (0)472 632372 http://www.gemeindebrenner.eu/ | |
| no tourist info on Wikidata: | ||
| location | ||
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The community burner (Italian: Brennero) is located on the alpine pass of the same name at the northern end of the South TyroleanWipptals in Italy.
background
Municipality of Brenner
The political Municipality of Brenner includes the localities 1 burner, 2 Pflersch, 3 Burner bath, 4 Giggelberg, 5 Pontigl as well as the main town 6 Gossensaß .
The place Brenner is a long street village along the Brennerbundesstraße. The main road is divided into two one-way streets, namely Via Karl Von Etzel from south to north and Via San Valentino from north to south. Immediately on the north side, the Austrian state border runs with some buildings already on Austrian land and towards Gries on the burner belonging.
The mountain crossing itself is a long and comparatively wide high valley with space for the village with the railway tracks and the motorway next to each other in the valley floor, the parts of the Wipptal that adjoin to the south and north are sometimes much narrower and deeper.
Local history
The settlement of the Brenner area is dated around 1000 AD, one interpretation of the origin of the name is that of an Alpine people called "Breuni" or "Brenni". Until the 13th century the place was still called "Mittenwald", since 1288 "the court of a Prennerius" has been documented, probably a result of slash and burn.
The medieval center in town and in the region was the Valentine's Church, a previous building is possibly mentioned as early as 565 as "templum Valentini" in a travel report by Venantius Fortunatus. The place Brenner is a village on the Brenner Pass in the Middle Ages and belongs to Sterzing / Tyrol and thus to Habsburg / Austria.
With the completion of the Brennerbahn in 1867 the transit traffic over the Brenner and with it the place experienced a significant boom.
In the course of the connection from South Tyrol Italy Brenner became a border town from 1918 and, because of its strategic importance, became a victim of the fascists and Mussolini from 1922 Italianization (nothing more than an ethnic cleansing of the German-speaking South Tyrolean population): the South Tyrolean inhabitants in the village of Brenner came under increasing pressure to emigrate or assimilate, the municipality of Brenner was the first attempt at that time, with German-Italian agreement, to completely evacuate an entire municipality.
The current political municipality of Brenner was created in 1929 after a government decree and the previously independent municipalities of Brenner, Gossensaß and Pflersch, the seat of the municipality of Brenner, became Gossensaß.
During the Second World War, the Brenner and its surroundings were an important route for the military transports of the German troops and repeatedly the target of Allied air raids.
With the completion of the Brenner motorway In the 1970s, when Italy was not yet a member of the EU, the place Brenner became interesting for many bargain hunters from North Tyrol: one drove briefly by car to the Brenner and across the border, in order to then shop cheaply on the Italian side. Numerous new shopping and supermarkets were created and Italian tourists from Germany also liked to stop here for a short time to shop.
Today the community on the Brenner Pass is one of the losers in European unification: EU accession Of Austria With North Tyrol at the beginning of 1995 led to the withdrawal of the infrastructure at the border and thus to the loss of jobs. The euro as the common EU currency compensated for the differences in price levels between Italy and Austria, and the many small shops gave up or migrated. The Brenner is currently undergoing an economic reorientation towards tourism and the service sector, accompanied by infrastructure measures such as the newly built one Factory outlet center.
Brenner Pass
General information about the Transfer route Brenner see also in the corresponding paragraph for State of Tyrol, Information on the traffic routes Brennerbahn and to Brenner motorway see section mobility.
The Brenner Pass lies at 1,374 meters above sea level and is the lowest pass over the central main ridge of the Alps, which is why it has been the most important north-south connection in Central Europe since prehistoric times.
The west side close Stubai Alps on, on the east side the Tux Alps and the Zillertal Alps. The pass is also the watershed between the Sill, which runs north into it North Tyrolean Wipptal flows off and the Eisack, which to the south the South Tyrolean Wipptal drains. The Brenner is the main watershed between the Adriatic and the Black Sea.
The use of the Brenner Pass is already documented for the Bronze Age, the strategically important route to the military road (Via Claudia Augusta) was expanded under the Romans. Parts of this historic route are still preserved today.
In the Middle Ages there was a resting and changing horse station on the Brenner Pass. According to statistics, 66 German emperors went to Rome via the Brenner Pass to be crowned by the Pope.
getting there
| location | ||
| ||
| Distances (road km) | ||
| Sterzing | 14 km | |
|---|---|---|
| innsbruck | 41 km | |
| Bolzano | 84 km | |
| Meran | 113 km | |
| Munich | 197 km | |
By plane
The closest airports are the in Bolzano (82 km, just under an hour's drive) and the Innsbruck Airport in Austria (48 km, approx. Three quarters of an hour by car). The major international airport in Munich can be reached in about 2.5 hours by car (245 km).
By train
The train station is almost in the center of the village. It is the northernmost train station in Italy in South Tyrol, station on the Brennerbahn from innsbruck above Bolzano to Verona and is a station for Intercity and Eurocity trains. Driving is mainly on the platform with track 6/7. The “Stumfgleise” north and south are also connected to these. The local trains of the Italian and Austrian railways run from the latter. In 2020 there will no longer be a ticket office, only machines. The one for Italian and EC trains is at the main entrance. The one for Austrian trains (S-Bahn Innsbruck) on the north stump track. Connections to Meran (and further Verona) and Innsbruck are available every hour.
(Train timetables under trenitalia.com and ÖBB).
In the street
Brenner is located on two important road routes over the Brenner Pass: the Brenner motorway and the old Brennerbundesstraße. Access to the village is only possible via the main road, so if you want to enter the village and come via the motorway, you have to leave the motorway beforehand (from the north: exit "Grieß am Brenner", from the south: exit "Brennersee")
- The Brennerbundesstrasse is toll-free for both the Italian and the Austrian part, but the entire route is also quite busy and certainly not a time advantage, not even with a crowded motorway. Because of the winding route, there are numerous legitimate traffic restrictions that are monitored by the security staff with stationary systems and also mobile.
- The Brenner motorway Innsbruck-Brenner-Brixen-Bozen-Trient (A 13 - Brenner motorway, in Italy the A 22 bis Bolzano) is subject to tolls for both the Italian and Austrian parts. On the Italian side, the maximum speed is 110 km / h for the route Brenner-Bolzano.
There are free parking spaces in town.
mobility
Brennerbahn
The Brenner Railway from Innsbruck to Bolzano was opened on August 17, 1867 as the second mountain railway in Europe after the Semmering Railway. The 127 km long route was built in just three years of construction under the planning and direction of Ing.Karl von Etzel, Etzel did not live to see the opening himself, he died in 1864.
The difficulties in routing the new Brenner Railway arose from the difference in altitude between Innsbruck (574 m) and the Brenner Pass (1371 m): only 32 km as the crow flies were available for almost 800 m.
At this point in time, South Tyrol still belongs to Austria / Habsburg, the Italian border for the Austrian railways was Ala from 1866 to 1918 (north of Verona) as the border station of the then Austrian Southern Railway.
After the end of the First World War, South Tyrol became part of Italy, and from 1918 the Brenner train station also became a customs and border post.
The Brenner Railway has been electrified since October 6, 1928.
Today, along with European unification, the station on the Brenner has lost its importance as a customs and border post. The station is still a system change station, the Austrian AC locomotives are exchanged for the Italian DC machines. Of the total freight traffic on the Brenner, that is approx. 49 million tons per year, around 17 million tons are transported by rail (figures for 2008).
The Brenner base tunnel (BBT) as a level crossing under the main Alpine ridge and part of the 2200 km long high-speed rail line Berlin-Palermo is currently under construction. After completion, the tunnel will be the second longest tunnel in the world with a length of 55 km. In 2016, 50 km of tunnels of around 230 km had already been driven and completion is scheduled for the end of 2025.
Brenner motorway
The 
The Brenner Motorway was built in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century and was one of the first mountain motorways in the world. At that time, it was equipped with a crawl lane for areas with a gradient of more than 3% as it was progressive and worldwide unique.
The Austrian part of the Brenner autobahn is the A13, it is officially written as "Brenner autobahn" and extends from the junction with the Inntal autobahn (A12) innsbruck to the Brenner Pass. The South Tyrolean part of the Brenner motorway is the Italian A22 from Brenner to Verona and Modena, in Italian Autostrada del Brennero or Autobrennero for short.
The most important and best-known structure is the one that was erected between 1959 and 1963 and is 815 m long Europe Bridge in the North Tyrolean Wipptal. With a height of 190 meters, it is still the second highest bridge in Europe. A number of technically demanding bridges, viaducts and tunnels are also being built on the Italian side.
Today the Brenner motorway is the fastest and cheapest connection to the south with around 70,000 cars, almost 5,500 trucks and up to 220 trains per day, the most important transit route in Europe, and the traffic volume is increasing. The consequences for the residents are dramatic: traffic noise and the measured values for pollutants such as soot and dust have far exceeded the permissible limit values, even a night driving ban for trucks does not bring any progress here, regulation of the traffic figures is prevented by the EU. The residents only have a short rest when there is a traffic jam on the autobahn and when there are multiple traffic blocks.
fees for the Brenner motorway:
- The Tolls for the Austrian part of the Brenner motorway:
- From / to Schönberg special toll station: € 10 (2020) per car, payable at the toll station or in advance at Austrian service stations and then with the option of driving through one of the video toll gates.
- For long-distance travelers comes always also the general fee for what is required on the Austrian motorways Badge added.
- If you want to save the special fee for the Austrian part of the Brenner motorway, you have to leave the Brenner route in advance at the Innsbruck Süd junction.
- In Italy you have to pay € 1 per car for the Brenner motorway at the toll station near Sterzing.
- Side of the Italian Brenner motorway: www.a22.it (Traffic situation, construction sites, weather report).
Toll free and Free of badges is the use of the Brennerbundesstraße, but certainly not faster: the delay is around at least one hour during the main holiday periods.
Toll free is also a part the Brennerbundesautobahn itself. However, to the south, the motorway must be left before the Brenner, otherwise the Italian toll is due because there is no exit from Lake Brenners to the Italian toll station near Sterzing, in the north the conditions are similar: those who do not pay the Italian toll wants, may only drive up from Lake Brennersee. For time delay, see Brennerbundesstraße.
Tourist Attractions
- Church of St. Valentine. Old parish church. The current church building was built by Duke Friedrich IV in 1449, rebuilt in the 17th century and enlarged again in 1790.
- Church of Mary on the Path. New parish church, rebuilt between 1960 and 1962 according to plans by the architect Luis Plattner.
- Monument to Karl von Etzel, at the station. At the time, chief engineer for the new building of the Brennerbahn.
activities
The village of Brenner is a year-round base for tours into the surrounding mountains of the Brenner Mountains, Stubai Alps, Tux Alps and Zillertal Alps.
shop
The shopping opportunities and the selection can be described as good to very good, even if the bargain hunters can no longer take advantage of the price advantages they had in the times before Italy joined the EU: Along Via San Valentino there are numerous smaller shops for clothing, winter sports articles and South Tyrolean specialties, plus the modern Designer Outlet Brennero (DOB), which opened in November 2007.
- DOB (Designer Outlet Brennero), St. Valentinstrasse 9 / A, I-39040 Brenner. Around 40 shops on 10,000 m² in the areas of clothing, sports, outdoor, fashion, jeans and shoe fashion as well as gastronomy.
- Burner market. Groceries, fruit and vegetables, clothing, on the 5th and 20th of each month.
kitchen
- Bar Pizzeria Terminus (northernmost cappuccino in South Tyrol and Italy), St. Valentinstrasse 4, I-39041 Brenner. Tel.: 39 (0)472 631154.
- Testa Rossa Caffèbar, St. Valentinstrasse 9a, I-39040 Brenner (in womenswear). Tel.: 39 (0)472 636 786.
nightlife
accommodation
health
| Brief information | |
| Phone code | 39 (0) 472 |
|---|---|
| Post Code | 39041 |
| Time zone | UTC 1 |
| Emergency doctor service | 0471 90 82 88 |
| Emergency calls, including cell phones, without an area code | |
| Emergency call | 118 |
| fire Department | 115 |
| police | 112 |
Practical advice
- Tourist office Gossensass, Ibsenplatz 2, I-39041 Gossensass. Tel.: 39 (0)472 632372, Fax: 39 (0)472 632580, Email: [email protected].
- See also the article Rockclimbing, it also contains information on the topic Mountain hiking;
trips
literature
- ; Alpine Club (Ed.): Mountain '95. 1995, Alpine Club Yearbook, ISBN 9783763380589 . Map area Brennerberge:
- Waltzer Klier: About the Brenner, reports from old and new times; Franz-Heinz Hye: More brackets than borders, the Brenner and its position in the history of Tyrol; Bernd Lammerer: The geological knot of Sterzing, about the tricky geology of the Brenner Mountains; and more;
cards
for hikers and mountaineers:
- German Alpine Club (Ed.): Alpine Club Map of the Brenner Mountains; Vol.31 / 3. ISBN 9783928777513 . 9,80 €; Scale 1: 50,000; Stubai Alps (east) / Zillertal Alps (west) / Tux Alps (north)
Web links
- official Side of the community
- official site of the District community Wipptal
- official page Isarco Valley Tourist Association
