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South-Tirol (officially "Autonomous Province of Bozen - South Tyrol" (it. Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano - Alto Adige, lad. Provincia Autonòma de Balsan / Bulsan - South Tyrol) is the northernmost province of Italy. Along with Trent it forms the autonomous region Trentino-South Tyrol. The majority of the population (around two thirds) is German-speaking, as the area belonged to Austria (Tyrol) until the end of the First World War. A quarter speaks Italian, and a small proportion of the population, especially in the area of the Dolomites, speaks Ladin. South Tyrol is one of the most popular tourist regions in northern Italy.
Regions
The Mountain groups:
- Stubai Alps with the Racines Valley and the Ridanna Valley
- Zillertal Alps with the Pfitschtal and the Tauferer Ahrntal;
- Ortler Alps with the Ortler group, the Martell Valley, Sulden Valley, Ultental, Deutschnonsberg and the Val di Non;
- Sarntal Alps with the Sarntal, the heart of South Tyrol;
The Valleys between the mountain groups:
- Val Gardena West of the Dolomites, UNESCO World Natural Heritage
- Val Pusteria and Hochpustertal (South Tyrol) with the side valleys Tauferer Ahrntal and Gsiesertal, south of the Zillertal Alps and north of the Dolomites;
- Eisack Valley and Wipptal (South Tyrol): the Eisack valley and part of the north-south axis;
- Etschtal With Vinschgau (Upper reaches of the Adige), Schnalstal and Passeier Valley in the west and northwest of South Tyrol, according to the area proportions partly identical to the Burgrave Office, by the tourism associations also under the term Meraner Land marketed.
- Überetsch and South Tyrolean lowlands, the lower reaches of the Adige in the south;
places
The cities:
- 1 Bolzano
(100,000 inhabitants), ital. Bolzano - 2 Meran (37,000 inhabitants), ital. Merano
- 3 Brixen (20,000 inhabitants), ital. Bressanone
- 4 Laives (16,000 inhabitants), ital. Laives. originally just a village, has grown into a suburb of Bozen over the last few decades.
- 5 Brunico (12,000 inhabitants), ital. Brunico
- 6 Sterzing (8,000 inhabitants), ital. Vipiteno
- 7 Glurns (900 inhabitants), ital. Glorenza, one of the smallest cities in Europe with a completely preserved city wall. Basically it is only a small village, but it is precisely these city walls that give this place the right to call itself a "city".
Smaller, but touristically interesting places:
- 8 Eppan on the Wine Route , ital. Appiano sulla strada del vino
- 9 Kaltern on the wine route, ital. Caldaro sulla strada del vino
- 10 Luttach , (1,000 inhabitants), ital. Lutago, Holiday resort in the Ahrntal
- 11 Mölten , ital. Meltina, Holiday resort on the high plateau between Bolzano and Merano
- 12 Schenna, ital. Scena
- 13 Schnals, ital. Senales, in the Schnalstal
- 14 Ortisei ital. Ortisei in the Val Gardena
- 15 Solda, ital. Solda
- 16 Dorf Tirol , ital. Tirolo
- 17 Selva , ital. Selva di Val Gardena
_-_Panorama.jpg/320px-Scena_(BZ)_-_Panorama.jpg)
Other goals
- Lake Kaltern, warmest swimming lake in the Alps Kaltern.
Nature reserves
- Stelvio National Park
- Texel Group Nature Park
- Rieserferner-Ahrn Nature Park
- Three Peaks Nature Park
- Fanes-Senes-Braies Nature Park
- Puez-Geisler Nature Park
- Schlern-Rosengarten Nature Park
- Trudner Horn Nature Park
background
history
In 1363 the heirless Countess of Tyrol, Margarethe Maultasch, handed over the county of Tyrol to the Habsburg Duke of Austria, Rudolf IV. This is named after the ancestral seat of the counts, Castle Tyrol near Meran.
In the course of the Napoleonic Wars, Austria lost Tyrol to Bavaria in 1805. In 1809 the Tyroleans rose against the Bavarian-French troops under the leadership of Andreas Hofer, an innkeeper from the Passeier Valley. After initial successes, the uprising was put down and Hofer was executed in Mantua. After the fall of Napoleon, Tyrol was reconnected to Austria in 1813.
After the end of World War I, the southern half of Tyrol, today's South Tyrol, was given the victorious power of Italy with the peace treaty of Saint Germain. The Brenner Line was declared a state border.
1922-1939: The fascist government of Italy pursues an "Italianization" of South Tyrol. Lessons in German are banned, Italian place names are introduced, and large industrial companies are being set up in South Tyrol in order to be able to offer Italian workers from all over the country an incentive.
1939: Hitler and Mussolini give the German-speaking South Tyroleans the choice (option): emigrate to the German Reich or stay in the country and forego any linguistic and cultural independence. The war prevented the emigration of a large part of the population. 75,000 emigrate.
In May 1945 South Tyrol was occupied by the Allies. On the fringes of the Paris Peace Conference, a protection treaty for the interests of the German-speaking minority is signed.
In 1948 the Italian National Assembly approved the 1st Statute of Autonomy for the Trentino-South Tyrol region. In 1960 a UN resolution called for this autonomy to be extended.
In 1972 the new Statute of Autonomy came into force, granting the Autonomous Province of Bolzano self-government rights.
See also the remarks on Tyrolean identity in general (in the article on the State of Tyrol);
regional customs
The German-speaking part of South Tyrol belongs together with Austria (with the exception of the Alemannic Vorarlberg) and with the neighboring Old Bavaria the Bavarian-speaking area with a customs that is common in many parts.
A general overview to the Old Bavarian customs (Shepherd's dance, Leonhardiritt, Georgiritt, Perchten etc.) can be found in the article on Old Bavaria, see also the corresponding one Customs section in the article too Austria.
- On January 6th, Epiphany, are consecrated by the pastor water and chalk. In the evening the whole family gathers at the farm. Glowing coals are scooped from the stove into a pan and a few grains of incense are sprinkled over it. The small procession starts praying and moves with the "Kinig water" and the incense into all rooms of the courtyard. The letters C - M - B are placed on the door frames with the consecrated chalk between the digits of the New Year. According to popular belief, the first letters of Kaspar, Melchior and Balthasar, the names of the Three Kings. In reality, however, the initials for Christ mansionem benedicat, "Christ bless the house".
- The Sacred Heart of Jesus fire take place in memory of the Tyrolean freedom fighters. On the 2nd Sunday after the Feast of Corpus Christi, the peaks of the mountains and hills in South Tyrol light up. This tradition goes back to the 19th century and commemorates the pledge of the Tyrolean freedom fighters. Andreas Hofer renewed the covenant with the Heart of Jesus before the beginning of the famous Berg-Isel battle against the French and Bavaria. The surprising victory of Hofer's troops turned the vow into a major holiday, which is still celebrated today with processions and mountain fires in various forms.
- In many South Tyrolean places one Thanksgiving procession held. Baskets with harvest gifts are set up in the church and the pastor blesses them. Often a harvest crown is carried through the place.
language
69.41 percent of South Tyroleans have German as their mother tongue (of course in the typical, hard Tyrolean dialect (dialect "South Tyrolean")). 26.06 percent speak Italian and 4.53 percent speak Ladin. In the larger cities, the proportion of the Italian-speaking population is much higher (Merano 49.06%, Bozen 73.80% Italians). The official languages are German, Italian and Ladin.
getting there
By plane
In Bolzano there is a regional airport. At the moment (winter 2016) no scheduled flights are offered.
The nearest major airports, outside the region itself, are in innsbruck (120 km from Bolzano; 1½ hours by car), Verona (150 km; 1½ hours by car or 2 hours by train) and Bergamo (240 km; 2:20 hours by car)
By train
EuroCity trains run several times a day from Munich via Innsbruck to northern Italy (every two hours, from Munich to Bozen in 3:50 hours). These trains stop in South Tyrol at the stations of Franzensfeste, Brixen and Bozen. In Bolzano there is a connection to the Vinschgau Railway, which runs over Meran wrong to Mals.
Coming from most parts of Austria, you can also change to the EuroCity to South Tyrol in Innsbruck. Alternatively, you can take the regional express from Innsbruck to the Brenner Pass (40 minutes), where there is a direct connection to the Brenner line of the South Tyrol Railway via Sterzing, Brixen and Bozen to Merano. From the south of Austria it may be faster to drive via Lienz in East Tyrol. From there a regional express runs via Bruneck to Franzensfeste (every hour; travel time 2:20 hours)
The fastest train connection from Switzerland also goes via Innsbruck (e.g. with the Railjet from Zurich). From southern or western Switzerland, you can also travel through Italy via Verona. If you want to travel comfortably from Switzerland by train and bus, you can Rhaetian Railway From Landquart to Zernez in the Engadine, take the Postbus that goes over the Ofen Pass and through the Münstertal to Mals (2½ hours) and from there take the Vinschgauerbahn. Timetables: www.sbb.ch.
In the street
Coming from Austria and Germany
- The classic arrival is from innsbruck coming across the Brenner route (Brenner motorway
, toll) or on the Brennerstaatsstraße 
.
- If you want to go to Vinschgau, you can go from Sterzing via the Jaufenpass or via the Reschenpass arrive, which is not as heavily frequented as the Brenner.
- For a destination in the Puster Valley or generally for a journey from the south of Austria, the best route is via the E66 from Liezen to Innichen and Bruneck. From Vienna / Graz Südautobahn to Villach, then via Spittal an der Drau or from Germany via Salzburg and the Tauernautobahn to Spittal or from Kufstein via Kitzbühel and Mittersil and then the Felbertauern (toll) to Liezen.
- A toll-free journey from Germany leads via Fernpass and Reschenpass: Der Landecker bypass tunnel is vignette required. If you don't have a vignette for the Austrian motorways, you should drive through the city Landeck drive. Important: The official signs to the Reschenpass lead through the tunnel (so don't pay attention). It is often checked at the tunnel.
Coming from Switzerland
From Switzerland you can drive from Landquart (A13) to Prättigau (A28) and then in summer via Davos and the Flüela Pass or all year round through the Vereina tunnel to get to Zernez. From there it goes over the Furnace pass into the Münstertal and then into the South Tyrolean Vinschgau. Stopovers are worthwhile in several places, for example on the passes Swiss National Park or in Mustair (World Heritage Site) in the Münstertal.
From most parts of Switzerland, however, it is faster to take the motorway via St. Gallen, Insbruck and the Brenner.
mobility
In addition to the classic public transport means of rail and bus, the not exclusively tourist cable cars are also included in the public transport in South Tyrol, such as the Renon cable car between Bolzano and Soprabolzano.
railroad
South Tyrol has a well-developed road network, but rail traffic is limited to the main connection following the Eisack and Etschtal valleys innsbruck - Verona and the railway lines through the Puster Valley to Lienz and through the Vinschgau. The trains are not very fast as they serve many stops and the fares are very cheap. Good train connections to Venice.
The Italian state railway company Trenitalia operates the trains on the Brenner Railway. The trains on the Pustertalbahn and on the Merano – Bozen line are alternately provided by Trenitalia and the SAD (South Tyrolean bus service), so that every half-hourly service is offered here on weekdays. Only SAD trains run on the other railway lines in South Tyrol.
In the electric multiple units of the SAD and the Trenitalia, free WiFi is offered for which a one-time registration is required. These railcars as well as the diesel railcars to Mals are barrier-free, the turquoise-white-blue push-pull trains of Trenitalia, on the other hand, are high-floor and therefore cannot be used by wheelchair users without assistance.
Bus transport
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In the three cities of Bolzano, Merano and Bressanone there is a dense city bus network with low-floor buses. Mainly solo and midibuses operate here, these are often very busy. On the overland routes, low-floor buses are only used on individual urban routes; high-floor touring buses predominate in regular service. City buses are lines that are driven by minibuses equipped for regular service and that provide more detailed access to municipalities.
Orientation in bus traffic is often difficult for those who are not in the area: only the latest city buses have stop displays and announcements. There are no displays in the regional coaches, and no announcements are usually made. The bus stops are only marked by blue stop signs, there are no stop names that can be recognized from the bus.
Mobilcard
With the Mobilcard you can use all public transport in South Tyrol without limits on three or seven consecutive days. This includes the regional trains between burner and Trent, as Times-Meran-Bolzano and Franzensfeste-Innichen, the local buses (city buses, intercity buses, city buses), the cable cars to Rides, Meransen, Jenesien, Mölten and Verano, the tram Rides and the funicular to the Mendola. In addition, a return trip with the PostBus Switzerland between Times and Zernez. The Mobilcard has to be validated every time you travel, for this the card has to be inserted completely (with the magnetic stripe to the front left) into the blue machine. The date of the last day of validity is printed on the first time it is validated.
The prices are currently (as of July 2016): for 1 day: 15 €, for 3 days 23 € and for 7 days 28 €. Children under 14 years pay half. Bringing bicycles: day ticket € 7. The cards are available at all sales points of the South Tyrolean Transport Association and in the tourist offices.
The Mobilcard is an extremely inexpensive offer to explore South Tyrol, especially in South Tyrol the network of buses and trains is very well developed. Most trains and buses run at least every hour, sometimes more often.
More information at www.mobilcard.info
By bicycle
The bicycle network has been very well developed in recent years, with the aim of connecting all valleys. The bike route from Bolzano to Verona is already passable. The cross-border bike path from Toblach / Innichen in the Puster Valley to Lienz (Austria) is also very popular.
Tourist Attractions
- The famous Three Peaks in Hochpustertal
- The Sexten sundial - world's largest stone mountain sundial
- Tyrol Castle at Meran
- Archeology museum in Bozen with the world-famous ice mummy "Ötzi"
- Bunkers and fortifications / ruins of the 1st World War in all of South Tyrol
- Bunker systems of the Italian Alpine Wall (2nd World War and Cold War) in Olang with visits in n8bunker
- 3 castles hike at Eppan
- Reinhold Messners Hill Tribe Museum Firmian at Sigmundskron Castle near Eppan or the Messner Montain Museum at Juval Castle Naturno
- Ice holes Eppan / Berg - Unusual cold miracle climate / vegetation from 2000 meters above sea level to 500 meters above sea level
- The gardens of Trauttmansdorff Castle - International Garden of the Year 2013
- State Museum for Folklore:
- South Tyrolean Wine Museum in Kaltern
- South Tyrolean Folklore Museum near Dietenheim, Brunico
- State Museum for Hunting and Fishing at Wolfsthurn Castle in Ratschings
- South Tyrolean Mining Museum, this includes five structures
- Bergbauwelt Ridnaun Schneeberg at Ratschings
- Adventure mine Schneeberg Passeier
- Mining Museum Kornkasten Steinhaus im Tauferer Ahrntal
- I breathe ... Prettau climatic tunnel in the Prettau mine
activities
In summer
17,000 km of marked hiking trails: high-altitude trails and summit tours, valley hikes and lake circuits, hikes to shelters, hikes on Waalwegen and alpine pastures. The Waalwege are something special for the west of South Tyrol. The Vinschgau and the area around Merano have always had very little rain. That is why the farmers constructed a sophisticated irrigation system centuries ago: the Waale. They dug many kilometers of trenches, built wooden pipes and gullies and used them to channel the glacier water to their meadows and fields. These old constructions still pervade the landscape. Adventurous paths and footbridges form the Waalwege. Once intended for the maintenance of the artificial water veins, they are now very popular as hiking trails.
All of South Tyrol is criss-crossed by a network of cycle paths. The Pustertal cycle path that leads to Lienz (A) and the Vinschger cycle path from Mals to Merano are particularly attractive. The Vinschgerbahn stops along the route, some of which operate bike rentals. This makes a combination of train & bike possible.
In the winter
27 larger and smaller ski areas are the main attraction in winter. The Ortler Skiarena ski association covers the western half of the country. In the Dolomites, all ski areas are combined to form the largest ski carousel in the world, Dolomiti SuperSki. There are cross-country trails in many high valleys (e.g. Höhlensteintal, Ridnauntal) and on alpine pastures (e.g. the Seiser Alm, the Villanderer Alm). Tobogganing, snowshoeing, ski tours and ice skating are also some of the most popular winter activities.
The ski areas of South Tyrol are described in the article Ski resorts in Italy treated.
- Moonlight marathon a marathon run;
- Toblach to Cortina Marathon in February;
Regular events
- Balloon festival annually in January in Dobbiaco;
- South Tyrol Jazz Festival Alto Adige: 10 days of jazz music in June / July and one of the largest jazz festivals in Europe. Organized in the major cities of South Tyrol (Bozen, Brixen, Meran, Bruneck and in the Vinschgau).
- Festival Internazionale di Canto Corale Alta Pusteria: Choir festival in the last week of June in Val Pusteria;
- Gustav Mahler Concerts, Mid to end of July in Dobbiaco;
- Merano Music Weeks: Major classical music festival at the end of August;
- Törggelen is a South Tyrolean tradition. The season begins on the first Saturday in October with a blazing Keschtnfeuer and does not end until the third Sunday in November.
shop
Weekly markets
Monday: Terlan and St. Pauls
Tuesday: St. Michael / Eppan and Neumarkt
Wednesday: Kaltern, Auer and Ritten (Klobenstein)
Thursday: Girlan, Leifers, Trient and Bozen
Friday: Meran, Sterzing, Ortisei
Saturday: Bolzano and Naturns
Every day, except on Sundays, there is it Bolzano fruit market in the fruit square.
kitchen
The Italian-Mediterranean influence on down-to-earth alpine cuisine is of course particularly pronounced in South Tyrol. In addition to traditional dishes such as dumplings, Schlutzkrapfen, Tirtlen and Krapfen, pasta dishes, pizza, risotto and other Italian delicacies are very popular.
The rural cuisine is maintained at a good level in the taverns and farms. From October to December the Törggelen is maintained in all wine-growing regions, a tasting of freshly harvested chestnuts, types of fruit and young wine. Barley soup, smoked meat, sauerkraut and sweet donuts are also served. There are mostly farm taverns outside of the wine-growing areas, they do not grow their own wine. For a Buschenschank license, the pressing and the serving of an in-house wine is mandatory.
In the pizzerias and restaurants you will find a combination of Italian and Alpine cuisine. All bars and cafes serve the obligatory Italian coffee, as espresso, macchiato, cappuccino, latte macchiato ...
More on the topic can be found at Eating and drinking in South Tyrol.
overnight stay
In 2014 the Tourist tax introduced. One and two-star hotels, youth hostels, private rooms and campsites pay € 0.70 per night. With three-stars it is 1.00 €, in four- and five-star hotels 1.30 €. Children up to the age of 14 are exempt.
South Tyrol is a popular holiday destination, especially for winter sports enthusiasts. It is advisable to book accommodation a few weeks in advance.
Practical advice
- Ferragosto: In general, it should be noted that South Tyrol is extremely popular as a holiday destination not only among German-speaking visitors: With the increasing relaxation in the relationship between South Tyroleans and the long-unloved Italians thanks to the autonomy status in recent years, more and more Italian guests are now finding their way into The holiday region: Especially at the end of the Italian vacation after the Ferragosto holiday (August 15, Ascension Day, from the Latin Feriae Augusti = feast day of Augustus), there is a strong rush of Italian guests in the whole of South Tyrol to the tourist infrastructure such as hotels and restaurants, mountain huts , Campsites, streets and shops etc. to be expected.
- The Red rooster is the symbol of the farms in South Tyrol. The areas of accommodation, restoration and products are checked and advertised with this brand. Accommodation establishments are identified by the number of flowers. The wine and farm taverns are controlled and must meet a certain level in the areas of courtyard image, equipment and service. Certain quality criteria also apply to farm products.
- The blue apron has become a symbol of the male South Tyrolean farming world. Always in blue color, decorated with a humorous slogan or embroidered flowers. Pulling on the straps of the apron out of joke should be avoided; it usually does not meet with much approval.
- The mountain farmers always wear a hat, often adorned with a feather or flowers. In the area around Meran and the Sarntal there is a special feature red cords indicate a bachelor, green strings mean that the wife is not far.
- Lost property office of the municipalities of South Tyrol: www.fundinfo.it;
nightlife
security
Advice for hikers:
- Do not hike alone without mountain experience and take your time, enjoy nature.
- Let your host know the destination of your hike and let them advise you on the tour and the weather
- Don't be too late on your way and don't take supposed shortcuts that you don't know along the way. Follow the markings when hiking in the mountains.
- When choosing equipment, always think of the bad weather, never the good. Sturdy mountain boots and thick weather protection are the first prerequisites. Sufficient sun protection and drinks are also essential.
- A small pharmacy with first aid material for yourself and for the other hikers is also necessary.
- In an EMERGENCY Tel. No. 112
Detailed information For information on equipment and behavior in the mountains, see also the article Rockclimbing;
climate
With a location south of the main Alpine ridge, protected from the Atlantic lows, South Tyrol generally has an extremely mild climate, which is also very good for viticulture (e.g. on Lake Kaltern south of Bozen). The climate in South Tyrol is determined by the warm air coming from the south, it gives off part of its moisture on the way to the north and causes a rather dry, continental climate. Statistically speaking, South Tyrol can boast 300 days of sunshine a year.
But there is Regional differences, the further south you go, the more Mediterranean (mild, rainy) the climate becomes. In the north, closer to the main Alpine ridge, the influence of the cold Atlantic lows is more noticeable (Eisack Valley, Val Pusteria).
The coolness comes from the north, so that when Daytime climate results in an interplay of warmth by day and freshness by night. Another climatic factor is the wind. Air currents pass through the Eisack and Etschtal valleys and their side valleys, preventing excessively humid weather.
As best travel time The months from May to October with the least rainfall apply, although the months of July and August can get quite hot in the valleys. The highest average maximum temperature is reached in July (just under 29 ° C), peak values of the daytime temperature above 35 ° C are possible.
As sunniest At the corner of South Tyrol, the region around Bolzano applies, annual peaks for Deutschnofen are 2,800 hours (annual average in Germany 1300 to 1900 hours, depending on the location).
The wintry Daily low temperatures in the valley the peak values can exceed -20 ° C than Cold pole This is true in South Tyrol Hochpustertal, in Dobbiaco 40-50 ice days (maximum daily temperature below zero degrees) are counted per year.
The middle ones Annual rainfall are between 500 and 1000 mm per year, the rain maximum is in late spring.
The current weather and further weather data for South Tyrol see on www.provinz.bz.it and up South Tyrol weather.
| Climate table Bolzano | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean highest air temperature in ° C | 5.9 | 9.3 | 14.6 | 18.8 | 23.2 | 26.8 | 29.2 | 28.3 | 24.8 | 18.7 | 11.0 | 6.5 | O | 18.1 |
| Mean lowest air temperature in ° C | -5.4 | -2.4 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 9.2 | 12.7 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 11.2 | 5.5 | -3.0 | -4.4 | O | 5 |
| Precipitation in mm | 18 | 29 | 30 | 60 | 69 | 93 | 100 | 113 | 71 | 75 | 80 | 43 | Σ | 781 |
| Rainy days in the month | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 4 | Σ | 79 |
| Length of sunshine per day | 3.3 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 3.4 | 3.1 | O | 5.2 |
Source: Wetterkontor | ||||||||||||||
trips
South of Salurn (i.e. outside of South Tyrol) it is worth making a detour Trent (Trento) and for Garda lake.
literature
- : Hiking in South Tyrol: 35 tours, exact maps, altitude profiles. Ostfildern: DuMont travel publisher, 2008 (4th edition), ISBN 3770147766 ; 168 pages (German). € 12.00
- : Winter guide South Tyrol: the most beautiful winter hikes, trails and snow activities. Munich: Bruckmann, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7654-4808-9 ; 142 pages (German). € 19.95
- : Cross-country skiing in South Tyrol: the most beautiful trails for skaters and classic runners. Vienna: Folio, 2007, ISBN 3852563755 ; 96 pages (German). € 9.40
- : South Tyrolean Waalwege. Bolzano: Publishing house Athesia, 2005, ISBN 8882662942 ; 212 pages (German). 40 Waalwege and 250 Waale described
cards
Web links
Official tourism website for South Tyrol (entire)
Official regional tourism website for South Tyrol
- Holiday region in the south of South Tyrol
- Isarco Valley Tourist Association
- Holiday region Meraner Land
- Tourism association Vinschgau
- Marling Tourist Office
Other official sites
