Old Bavaria, also Altbaiern, is the southeast part of the Free State Bavaria and essentially comprises the administrative districts Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate. These are also the parts of the country that are part of the cultural tradition of the medieval Bavarian tribe and the Bavarian dialect is spoken.
Regions
- Upper Bavaria lies in the south with the city of Munich and the Alpine foothills
- Lower Bavaria lies in the southeast, traversed by the Danube and the heights of the Bavarian Forest
- Upper Palatinate lies in the northeast with diverse landscapes
places
major tourist cities are:
- 1 On the mountain
- Historic old town of the former capital of the Upper Palatinate - 2 Bad Reichenhall - spa town
- 3 Bad Tölz - Health resort in the Isarwinkel
- 4 Bad Wiessee - elegant health resort on the Tegernsee
- 5 Berchtesgaden - Resort in the Berchtesgaden Alps with the Berchtesgaden National Park
- 6 Ground corn - Climatic health resort at the foot of the Great Arber
- 7 Burghausen - historic old town in the Inn-Salzach style, longest castle in Europe
- 8 Cham - The gateway to the Bavarian forest
- 9 Dachau - Castle and castle park
- 10 Deggendorf - the gate to Bavarian forest
- 11 Eichstatt - in the Altmühltal nature park
- 12 Freising - Dom
- 13 Garmisch-Partenkirchen - one of the most important tourism centers in the Bavarian Alps
- 14 Ingolstadt - historical old town and fortifications
- 15 Landshut - Capital of Lower Bavaria
- 16 Munich - the capitalcity
- 17 Oberammergau - Tourist community, Lüftlmalerei and world-famous Passion Play location
- 18 Passau - the three-river city on the Danube, Inn and Ilz
- 19 rain - Climatic health resort on the Regen river
- 20 regensburg - Since 2006 world cultural heritage and seat of government of the Upper Palatinate
- 21 Rosenheim - with a historic old town
- 22 Straubing - City in the Gäuboden with the second largest folk festival in Bavaria
- 23 Tegernsee (city) - climatic health resort and tourist center
- 24 Pastures - Glass and porcelain factories.
- 25 Zwiesel - the glass city
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Other goals
background
The inhabitants of old Bavaria are the classic Bavarians with Bavarian dialect. The region corresponds to the former Electorate of Bavaria and is shared by many non-Bavarians with what is now the political Free State Bavaria confused, to which, however, the non-Bavarian administrative districts Francs and Swabia belong.
With the label Bavarian (without e) the old Bavarian Bavarians differ from Bavarian (with e), which also includes the Franks and Swabians in political Bavaria.
Bavarian (with ai) is the common language of the descendants of the Bajuwaren tribe (also Baiuwaren). Bavarian native speakers are, in addition to the old Bavarians, also the larger ones in terms of number Austrian (without the Alemannic Vorarlberg) and also the South Tyrolean. The spelling with y was only introduced under King Ludwig I of Bavaria (1786 - 1868).
To the subject Eastern Bavaria: No local will tell you that they are from Eastern Bavaria. You identify more with that Upper Palatinate, Lower Bavaria or that Woid. The term is actually only marketed for tourism. In the meantime, however, people are moving back to promoting the Bavarian Forest independently, for example.
In Bavarian communities with predominantly members of the Catholic Church is Assumption Day (August 15) a public holiday. This applies to all municipalities in Old Bavaria and to around half of the Franconian municipalities. For planned activities and shopping, you should inquire beforehand whether there is a public holiday at the holiday destination.
regional customs
A regional overview of the Customs in the Free State see also in the article Bavaria.
Altbayern forms together with Austria (with the exception of the allemannische Vorarlberg) and with the German-speaking part South Tyrol the Bavarian-speaking area with common customs in many parts.
Therefore also see the corresponding section on Customs in Austria and the corresponding Customs section in the article too South-Tirol.
Shepherd dance
The professional guild of barrel makers, Schäffler in southern Germany, has existed since the early Middle Ages. There are different names for this profession in Germany, derived from the vessels that they made, in southern Bavaria, vessels open at the top are called "Schaff".
The custom of the shepherd's dance, which is common in all of Old Bavaria, has its origin in the Bavarian state capital, Munich: According to tradition, it is traced back to the raging of the plague in 1517, when the shepherds were the first to venture out onto the streets after the epidemic subsided Citizens led over to normality with music and cheerfulness. The custom of the shepherd's dance was then spread from Munich by the traveling shepherd journeyman throughout Old Bavaria.
There is dancing at the beginning of the year between Epiphany and Shrove Tuesday, well-known shepherd dances, they take place regularly only every seven years, are:
- In Munich in 2012 and thereafter in 2019.
- In Ingolstadt, Berchtesgaden, Wasserburg am Inn, Mühldorf am Inn and in Pfaffenhofen on the Ilm in 2012 and following 2019.
- In Eichstatt in 2008 and 2015.
- In Murnau am Staffelsee in 2013 and 2020.
- The Kulmbacher Büttner Dance (in Upper Franconia) is reliably documented in writing for the year 1765.
carnival
- A carnival custom in Werdenfelser Land is this Maschkera going: Wild hooded figures with wooden larvae wander through the streets wearing bells and making a hell of a racket.
Leonhardi trip
The Leonhardi trip, also Leonhardiritt is a procession on horseback or with a team of horses.
November 6th is the patronage day of Saint Leonhard, he lived in the 6th century as abbot of Noblac near Limoges in southern France. The saint was the patron saint of prisoners and was depicted with chains. In Bavaria and Austria the chains were interpreted as cattle chains and the saint has therefore been venerated as the patron saint of livestock since the Middle Ages. Since then, animal blessings have been carried out in many places around the day of the saint's remembrance, accompanied by processions or traditional controversies on horseback.
The most famous events in Bavaria take place, for example. in Benediktbeuern, Grafing and Furth in the forest instead of.
The biggest move takes place in Bad Tölz with around 200 old chest wagons and 10,000 onlookers, the oldest Leonhardiritt is for Wildbad Kreuth Guaranteed at Tegernsee since 1442.
Georgiritt
The Georgiritt, also Georgsritt, is a parade or pilgrimage, also with or on horseback. The patronage day of St. George is April 23rd, so the parades usually take place in spring, often at Easter as an Easter ride.
St. George is a saint who was popular with the rural population in the Middle Ages and is one of the fourteen helpers in need. He is the legendary dragon slayer who killed the evil dragon, the symbol of the devil, on horseback and in white armor with a lance. St. George was thus the horse patron, and only had to share this position with St. Leonhard (more of a universalist for livestock as a whole) from the 13th century.
With the mechanization of agriculture at the beginning and middle of the last century, there were fewer and fewer horses on the farms, and many Georgi rides no longer took place. In some of the Georgi rides that have been revived by equestrian athletes and horse clubs in modern times, a question mark should be placed at the end of the word tradition.
The custom in the Chiemgau: the greatest Georgiritt is the in Traunstein on Easter Monday with a tradition going back to the year 1492. Other well-known parades are the beginning in Ruhpolding (always on the 1st Sunday in September), the von Stein an der Traun (district of the city Traunreut) to St. Georgen (on the second Sunday in April, with a tradition that is over 300 years old) and the in Tittmoning.
An example of a Georgiritt in Franconian is that of Effeltrich.
Perchten
In the Rough nights, those are the longest winter nights from the beginning of December to the nights around the turn of the year, go in many alpine places Perchten um: The figures are supposed to protect the houses with terrible masks, a lot of ringing bells and noise and dances and drive out the winter. The wild figures of the noisy pack themselves are considered messengers of good luck, the unmarried boys of the village hide under the masks.
The tradition of the Perchten can be traced back to archaic customs, the "pagan mummery" was suppressed for a long time by the church until secularization and is experiencing a revival in modern times. One interpretation of the origin of the name is the legendary figure of the Mrs. Perchtawho are punished for laziness and rewarded for hard work.
Examples of figures in the Perchten runs are:
- Mrs Percht has a double mask with a devil on the front and a beautiful woman on the back, it symbolizes the contrasts of life;
- The Buttnmandl, these are men wrapped in straw;
- The Schönperschten are musicians with human faces;
- The Habergoass is a demon figure in the form of a goat with horse hooves;
- The Holzmandl are forest spirits dancing to chants with hazelnut sticks;
- The Klaubhauf has an animal mask and performs stamped dances;
The most famous Perchten runs in Bavaria are the im Berchtesgadener Land: as the name suggests, here's the one "Wild Hunt" known as particularly wild, for example the "Nonner Perchten" in Bad Reichenhaller, Nonn district, which is in Ainring and the in Running (Salzach)Other well-known runs are the in Kirchseeon near Munich and in Allgäu the Sonthofen Klausen parade. In Wolfratshausen The Perchten were banned in 2008 as too gruesome for the Christmas market. Perchten are also very widespread in the subsequent area Austria for example in Carinthia.
The visitors to the Perchten should be aware that it is very loud and that the Perchten also bother the audience and dance with them, but also frighten them, put snow in their collars or even pull the children's hats over the noses .
The increasing number of commercially organized Perchten runs in front of department stores is viewed very critically by the home keepers and is viewed more as a spectacle than a tradition.
Krampus run
Closely related to the Perchten is the alpine tradition of the Krampus run in the Advends period: Nicholas and his companion, the Krampus with horns, fur, long claws on their hands, pointed ears and a long red tongue, roam the streets. The tradition originated in the 15th century and is now being revived in many places.
Examples of Krampus runs in Old Bavaria are from Munich Christmas market at Marienplatz and the in Freilassing;
Hoagartn
"Hoagart'n", also "Hoigarta", are the old Bavarian dialect evenings: the "Heimgartln" has its tradition of chatting and gossiping with music and dancing after work in the home and garden. The convivial get-together has been cultivated over the centuries, especially in the villages and in the long winter months between Kathrein (November 25th) and Ash Wednesday as the beginning of Lent. There is also evidence of overflowing evenings, as early as 1553 tried to regulate the state regulations, then in 1635 Elector Maximilian I railed against the immorality of "going home garden".
Today's modern form of Hoagartn is usually an open meeting of singers and musicians for brass music and folk music, without a fixed program and without a fixed fee for the musicians, a collector's plate ensures the artists' wages. The whole thing is organized by the gastronomy or cultural institutes.
With increasing proximity to the Austrian area, the term "Hoagascht" Common, the "US-American" variant of Hoagartn is the jam session with modern jazz and rock music.
Stubnmusi
The "Room music" is the quieter and quieter counterpart of the Hoagart'n: Adapted to the acoustics of the cramped room, mainly accordions and stringed instruments such as zither, dulcimer, guitar and violin are used, plus the vocals.
The musicians of the Stubn’musi appear as permanent music groups and perform well-rehearsed pieces; the repertoire ranges from church music to classical pieces to folk music. The most important season of the Stubn’musi is the atmospheric Advent and Christmas time, other occasions are important or special events throughout the year.
The term Stubn’musi is used both for the events and for the music group.
Finger hooks
Finger wrestling is a traditional fun for conflict resolution among opponents, especially in the Bavarian and Austrian Alpine regions, and also a real competitive sport in tournaments and according to fixed rules:
The opponents sit opposite each other at the table with a marked center line and try each other "to pull over the table": The loser is whoever first lets go of the finger or the hook strap or who was dragged across the table.
Pulling is done on the attached middle finger or on the standardized leather hook strap, the table and stool are also standardized. Catchers stand behind the athletes to catch the loser if he falls backwards. Supporting the table is not allowed with your hands, but only with your shin. Victory requires a lot of strength and technique, a bit of blood is also part of a real fight, dislocated drawing fingers and abraded corneas are common sports risks. Finger wrestling is a men's sport, women are only spectators.
There are organized clubs, simple tournaments and Bavarian championships organized as team sports in different weight and age groups, German championships and the Alpine championships as the unofficial world championships.
- Regional Association of Bavarian Fingerhackers, Fichtenweg 5, 93485 Rimbach.
language
Be in old Bavaria Bavarian dialects spoken. Both the Upper Palatinate and the Lower Bavarian or Waidler dialect are difficult to understand for inexperienced ears.
Responsible for maintaining the Bavarian language is the "Friends of the Bavarian Language and Dialects e.V."(FBSD). Since December 2011 the"Bund Bavarian Language"Another association for the maintenance of Bavarian dialects, the focus here is in the Lower Bavarian-Upper Palatinate language area.
A few terms that might interest visitors:
- A Boazn is a small (beer) pub, the spectrum ranges from shabby to cozy and rustic. The origin of the name is traced back to the Hebrew-Rotwelsch word "Bajisl" for house.
- Hello Grüß Gott, a hello to greet you or a goodbye to say goodbye are not popular words.
- Paths Goodbye.
- Guad Moing Good Morning.
- Guad Nocht Good night.
- Woas woins? What do you want?.
The numbers in dialect:
| 1 | oas / oans / àns / oins | 11 | öif (e) / ööf | 21 | oana- / ànazwånzg (e) | ||||||||
| 2 | zwoa / zwà * | 12 | twelve (e) / twelve | 22 | zwoara- / zwàrazwånzg (e) | 200 | zwoa- / zwàhundad | ||||||
| 3 | three | 13 | dreizea / dreizen | 23 | dreiazwånzg (e) | 300 | threehundad | ||||||
| 4 | fiar (e) | 14 | fiazea / fiazen | 24 | fiarazwånzg (e) | 40 | fiazg (e) | 400 | fiahundad | ||||
| 5 | fimf (e) | 15 | fuchzea / fuchzen | 25 | fimfazwånzg (e) | 50 | fuchzg (e) | 500 | fimfhundad | ||||
| 6 | seggs (e) | 16 | sixth / sixth | 26 | seggsazwånzg (e) | 60 | sixty (e) | 600 | six dog ad | ||||
| 7 | siem (e) | 17 | sibzea / sibzen | 27 | simmazwånzge | 70 | sibzg (e) / siwazg (e) | 700 | siemhundad | ||||
| 8 | eighth) | 18 | åchzea / åchzen | 28 | åchtazwånzge | 80 | åchtzg (e) | 800 | åchthundad | ||||
| 9 | no / no | 19 | neizea / neizen | 29 | no longer | 90 | no | 900 | neihundad | ||||
| 10 | zeene / zeah | 20 | Zwånzg (e) e / twenty (e) | 30 | thirty | 100 | hundad | 1000 | dausnd |
getting there
mobility
Tourist Attractions
- Churches The Cathedral of St. Peter (Regensburg). Frauenkirche (Munich).
- Monasteries The best known is probably the one in Andechs (am Ammersee).
- Castles The Willibaldsburg (Eichstätt), castle Grünwald near Munich, Neuschwanstein.
- Palaces Nymphenburg Palace, Schleissheim Palace, the royal palaces of Ludwig II: Herrenchiemsee, Linderhof.
activities
- Hiking in the water, e.g. on the rain, shows the landscape from an unusual perspective.
kitchen
More on this topic can be found at Eating and drinking in old Bavaria.
security
climate
trips
- Round trips with coal-fired steam locomotive (Honorary engine driver courses, whole trains for charter) e.g. around Munich, Tegernsee and in the club Bavarian Eisenstein organizes the Bayerische Localbahn Verein e. V .: www.localbahnverein.de;
literature
Tourist Attractions
- : Castles in Bavaria, residences and country estates in old Bavaria and Swabia. Munich: C. H. Beck, 1984 (3rd edition), ISBN 3406095321 ; 329 pages.
Culture and history
- : Proverbs about old Bavaria: 444 portraits of places from Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate. regensburg: Blow, 2013, ISBN 978-3791725260 ; 256 pages. Place portraits in proverbs and sayings for old Bavaria
- : Trachtler schee boarisch. Husum, 2008, ISBN 978-3898764131 , P. 120; 120 pages. Impressions of traditional costume festivals and parades; approx. € 19.95
- : Schäfflertanz & Perchtenlauf, living traditions and customs in old Bavaria. South German, 2009, Süddeutsche Zeitung Edition, ISBN 978-3-86615-729-3 ; 192 pages. 19.90 €
- : Its OK!; Vol.part 1. 2009, Edition Vulpes, ISBN 978-3-939112-42-6 ; 208 pages. approx. 18, - €, loosely written explanations on the meaning and origin of about 1000 words from old Bavarian
- : Its OK!; Vol.Volume 2. 2010, Edition Vulpes, ISBN 9783939112471 ; 244 pages. approx. 19, - €, loosely written explanations on the meaning and origin of about another 1000 words from old Bavarian
- : Lexicon of Bavarian place names: origin and meaning. Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria, Upper Palatinate. C.H.Beck, 2006, ISBN 978-3-406-55206-9 ; 350 pages. approx. 978-3-406-55206-9
Web links
- The administrative districts:
- The districts:
- Tourism Association Upper Bavaria: www.oberbayern-tourismus.de;
- East Bavaria Tourism Association: www.ostbayern-tourismus.de
