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| Upper Bavaria | |
| Capital | Munich |
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| Residents | 4.588.944 (2015) |
| surface | 17,529.63 km² |
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Upper Bavaria is an administrative district in the south of the state Bavaria.
Regions
The Administrative region of Upper Bavaria consists of the three independent cities Munich, Ingolstadt, Rosenheim, and the following 21 Counties: Altötting, Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Berchtesgadener Land, Dachau, Ebersberg, Eichstätt, Erding, Freising, Fürstenfeldbruck, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Landsberg am Lech, Miesbach, Mühldorf a. Inn, Munich, Neuburg-Schrobenhausen, Pfaffenhofen a. d. Ilm, Rosenheim, Starnberg, Traunstein and Weilheim-Schongau.
The District of Upper Bavaria is administratively the third municipal level in Bavaria as a representation of the municipalities and districts; the district is identical to the area of the government district.
The seat of the administration of the administrative district and the district is Munich.
Major tourist regions are:
- The Bavarian Alps, among others with the Berchtesgaden Alps (Watzmann), Chiemgau Alps, Mangfall Mountains (Wendelstein), Karwendel, Wetterstein (Zugspitze), Ammergau Alps, Ester Mountains and Walchensee Mountains.
- The Upper Bavarian parts of Franconian Alb with the Altmuehltal Nature Park (Partial area) in the north.
- Hallertau, largest contiguous hop growing area.
- Rupertiwinkel, in the very east of Upper Bavaria
- The Munich area, the region around the state capital.
- The Mangfall Valley, the region north of the Tegernsee valley.
- The Upper Bavarian part on Lower Inn Valley from the national border Kiefersfelden until after Rosenheim.
- The Inn-Salzach Region and the Bavarian part of the Lower Inn Valley;
- The Five Lakes Land southwest of Munich with the starnberger Lake and the Ammersee,
- The Oberland, the foothills of the Alps between Lech and Inn, with the Lechrain, Pfaffenwinkel (Churches, monasteries and lakes), the Tölzer Land (Isarwinkel and Jachenau) and Werdenfelser Land to the region around the Tegernsee and the Miesbacher Oberland With Schliersee;
Andechs Monastery, view from the east.
places
- 1 Altoetting
- in the time of the Carolingians that "Heart of Bavaria" and today one of the most visited pilgrimage sites in Europe.
- 2 Bad Aibling - thermal bath.
- 3 Bad Reichenhall - spa town.
- 4 Bad Tölz - Health resort in the Isarwinkel.
Altoetting
Bad Tölz
- 5 Bad Wiessee - elegant health resort on the Tegernsee.
- 6 Berchtesgaden - Resort in the Berchtesgaden Alps with the Berchtesgaden National Park.
- 7 Burghausen - (421 m), historic old town in the Inn-Salzach style, longest castle in Europe;
.JPG/350px-Burghausen_(1).JPG)
- 8 Dachau - with castle and castle park
Berchtesgaden
Burghausen
- 9 Eichstatt - in the Altmühltal Nature Park.
- 10 Erding - with the historic town center and the largest wheat beer brewery in the world.
- 11 Freising - Cathedral and oldest brewery in the world.
- 12 Freilassing - Railway town.
- 13 Fürstenfeldbruck - with Fürstenfeld Monastery.
- 14 Garmisch-Partenkirchen - the most important tourist center in the Bavarian Alps.
.jpg/320px-Garmisch-Partenkirchen_(Luftbild).jpg)
- 15 Ingolstadt - historical old town and fortifications.
- 16 Landsberg am Lech - well-preserved medieval town center.
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Ingolstadt
- 17 Munich - the capitalcity.
- 18 Neuburg on the Danube - the old town with numerous historical buildings from all eras is one of the most beautiful in Bavaria.
- 19 Oberammergau - Tourist community, Lüftlmalerei and world-famous Passion Play location.
- 20 Pfaffenhofen on the Ilm - Awarded the "most livable small town in the world" by the UN in 2011.
Munich
Neuburg on the Danube
Linderhof Palace
- 21 Rosenheim - historical old city.
- 22 Rottach-Egern - (736 m), tourist center and health resort on the Tegernsee.
- 23 Tegernsee (city) - (747 m), climatic health resort and tourism center.
- 24 Traunstein - Center of the Chiemgau.
- 25 Weilheim - with a historic city center.
- 26 Wasserburg am Inn - Medieval old town in a bend in the river Inn.
Weilheim
Schleissheim Palace
Ettal Monastery
Other goals
Nature parks
The is located in the southeast of Upper Bavaria Berchtesgaden National Park.
In the north, Upper Bavaria has shares in Altmuehltal Nature Park.
Panoramic mountains
Easily accessible peaks in Upper Bavaria's mountains with a particularly wide view:
- The Zugspitze (2962 m), it doesn't get more exposed in Germany, the view at the summit extends over several hundred kilometers in the Eastern Alps if the weather permits Grossglockner to Ötztaler Wildspitze. The summit is easy to reach with several mountain railways.
- The Wendelstein (1838 m), in the east of the Oberland has a wide view over the Inn Valley, the foothills of the Alps and up to the Tauern. Two tracks lead almost to the summit.
- The High Peissenberg (988 m), located in the west of the region, is advertised with a 360 ° panorama in the foothills of the Alps also with the "most beautiful panoramic view of Bavaria". The driveway leads to the parking lot almost at the summit.
- The Schachen is a small peak on the north side of the Wetterstein and known for the royal house of Ludwig II. From here there is a wide view over the whole mountains and that Werdenfelser LandThe Schachen-Alpe can be reached on foot or by bike.
background
After Swabia (Oberallgäu), Upper Bavaria is the southernmost of the seven administrative districts in the Free State of Bavaria, the seat of the district government is the Bavarian capital Munich.
The District of Upper Bavaria is administratively the amalgamation of the districts in Upper Bavaria (communal level) and in terms of area congruent with the administrative region of Upper Bavaria.
At a total of around 4.3 million Residents are the largest cities in Upper Bavaria Munich (approx. 1.3 million inhabitants), Ingolstadt (approx. 123,000) and Rosenheim (approx.61,000).
The areal expansion extends over approx. 17,500 km² from the Lech in the west to the Salzach in the east, in the south are the northern limestone Alps with the Ammer Mountains, Wetterstein, Karwendel and Chiemgau Alps the border, in the north Upper Bavaria extends to the Danube and beyond. 4.5% of the total area of Upper Bavaria is protected, spread over 131 nature reserves with a total of 789 km².
The highest point is the summit of the Zugspitze (2,962 m), the deepest point is at Marktl (364 m) on the Inn.
Lakes and bodies of water: The largest rivers are Inn and Danubeto come Altmuehl, Lech and Isar. Upper Bavaria is extremely rich in lakes, including the alpine lakes Koenigssee, Tegernsee and Chiemsee, Kochelsee and Walchensee and in the foothills of the Alps Chiemsee, starnberger Lake and Ammersee.
tourism
Upper Bavaria is the most popular holiday region in Germany, the statistics show around 40 million overnight stays per year. The administrative district is thus in first place in Bavaria with around 40% of the total of 94 million overnight stays in the Free State (figures for 2017 at Bavarian State Office for Statistics).
regional customs
Upper Bavaria is part of the cultural area Old Bavaria on the area of the former Electorate of Bavaria with common traditions and customs. A general overview to the Old Bavarian customs (Shepherd's dance, Leonhardiritt, Georgiritt, Perchten etc.) can be found in the article on Old Bavaria.
history
Historical Today's Upper Bavaria territory has its beginnings as the origin of the noble Wittelsbach family (Scheyern and Bayrischzell) and is thus the heartland for Old Bavaria (Electorate of Bavaria) and since 1806 also for the Kingdom of Bavaria (with the closed Francs) and today's Free State of Bavaria:
The term Upper Bavaria Appears for the first time on March 30, 1255, in the first division of Bavaria an independent Duchy of Upper Bavaria was created on this day, which, however, was not yet congruent with today's administrative district of Upper Bavaria and existed until 1505.
After Bavaria became a kingdom in 1806, a fundamental administrative reform took place in 1808 and the national territory was re-divided into 15 "districts" based on the French model. These circles were initially named after rivers, the "Isar Circle" with the capital Munich was created on the area of Upper Bavaria. In 1837, King Ludwig I ordered Bavaria to be redistributed again and the "Isar District" became the "Upper Bavaria District", roughly within today's boundaries. The current administrative structure was given to the Administrative region of Upper Bavaria with the territorial reform in 1972, at that time the Eichstätt district, previously still partly Franconian, was assigned to the Upper Bavaria district.
language
getting there
With the transport connections to the Bavarian capital Munich, which is centrally located in Upper Bavaria, the entire region can also be easily reached from all directions.
By plane
The central airport for Upper Bavaria is Munich - Franz Josef Strauss, about 30 kilometers north of Munich. Above all, offer from Germany's second largest airport Lufthansa and their partner of Star Alliance Connections to many cities in Germany, Europe and worldwide.
To Upper Bavaria neighboring airports are in the north of the Airport in Nuremberg (second largest airport in Bavaria), in the southeast of the Salzburg Airport, in the west of the Memmingen Airport and in the south of the Innsbruck Airport.
In addition, in some cities there are smaller airfields and grass runways for fan guns and other not-so-large aircraft.
By train
The railway lines of Upper Bavaria also run in a star shape to the centrally located Munich, including several ICE routes; Upper Bavaria thus has an above-average number of ICE train stations.
ICE train stations in Upper Bavaria are:
- In Munich the Central Station and the in Munich-Pasing.
- In the north of Upper Bavaria Ingolstadt;
- In the south of Upper Bavaria Murnau am Staffelsee, Oberau, Garmisch-Partenkirchen and Mittenwald.
- In the East Rosenheim;
Regional railways to get to Upper Bavaria are:
- The Alex (Allgäu-Express) connects Munich with Oberstdorf.
RIT ticket: A "Rail Inclusive Tour" ticket can be obtained from Tourism Association Munich-Upper Bavaria Book online, price € 66, return trip up to 400 km away.
By bus
There are national and, above all, Europe-wide bus connections from Central bus station (ZOB) in Munich.
In the street
The motorways lead in a star shape from all directions to the centrally located Munich motorway ring 
- From the north Germany runs the federal motorway
of Berlin above Nuremberg to Munich through the north of Upper Bavaria.
- From the north Bavaria (Upper Franconia, Space court) runs the federal highway
above regensburg and the Upper Palatinate to the motorway triangle Hallertau in northern Upper Bavaria and on the on to Munich.
- Out Lower Bavaria in the Northeast Bavaria runs the federal motorway
of Deggendorf above Landshut to Munich.
- From the south and from the Inn Valley runs the Austrian autobahn
of innsbruck from to the connection Dreieck Inntal to the 
and on to Munich.
- From the south Upper Bavaria leads the autobahn
to Munich, from the southern end of the autobahn Garmisch-Partenkirchen consist links to North Tyrol in the Inn valley and further south to South-Tirol, Northern Italy and also in the Vorarlberg and in the Switzerland.
- From the west Bavaria runs the autobahn
of Lindau to Munich.
- From the west Germany (room Saarland) leads the busy motorway above Karlsruhe, Stuttgart, Ulm and augsburg to Munich.
In particular to the Holiday times are the main connections and are therefore already busy routes on the motorways 
and 
from the west and north of Germany extremely susceptible to congestion in holiday traffic. Knowledgeable locals can use the start of the holiday in the respective federal state and the necessary travel time of the holidaymakers to estimate the time for the safe start of the congestion in the greater Munich area. With approximately the same route performance for all holidaymakers when traveling from the northern federal states, even the petrol stations are often overloaded with the mass rush.
This also applies in particular to Ski season for connecting the to the mountains and to Salzburg. On this route, if the weather is nice, traffic jams to the ski areas can be expected early on at the weekends. The section on the Irschenberg of the autobahn is particularly vulnerable to Salzburg.
By boat
There is no regular service to get there on the major rivers of Upper Bavaria.
What there is is excursion traffic on the many lakes of Upper Bavaria and on sections of the Altmuehl and on the Inn. See the section on this shipping.
By bicycle
Long-distance cycle routes through the region are:
- The German section of the Danube cycle path along the Danube in the north of Upper Bavaria.
- The German section of the Inn cycle path in the east of Upper Bavaria.
- The Isar cycle path leads from the Karwendel to Munich and further to Deggendorf to the Danube in Lower Bavaria.
- The Lake Constance-Koenigssee cycle path leads from Lindau through the foothills of the Alps to Koenigssee.
Regional bike routes see the section at activities.
mobility
Comments on the Transfer routes (Brenner route, Felbertauern route, Fernpass route) to the neighboring regions in the south can be found in the corresponding paragraph on the Austrian State of Tyrol.
Tourist Attractions
Churches, mosques, synagogues, temples
- As oldest church building Upper Bavaria is the Chapel of Mercy with the "Black Madonna" in Altoetting, it is the destination of the pilgrimage to Altötting, its origin is dated around the year 700.
- The woman Church in Munich and St. Mary and St. Korbinian in Freising are the two cathedral churches (Domkirchen) of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising, the Eichstätt Cathedral is the cathedral church of the diocese of Eichstätt.
- The Wieskirche "To the Scourged Savior" (Rococo pilgrimage church) is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site;
- The highest parish church in Upper Bavaria is St. Bernhard at the Spitzingsee (1,084 m).
Pilgrimage churches
Monasteries
The numerous Monastery complexes in strictly Catholic Upper Bavaria are part of the landscape of the region, as is the foothills of the Alps with the mountains in the background.
In their early history, the Bavarian monasteries initially served to develop and reclaim the region as well as in the rest of the German-speaking area. Later, the monasteries were centers of culture and, because of the land they cultivated with the Meierhöfe, they were often an economic factor and thus an instrument of power for the rulers.
The Wittelsbachers provided the Bavarian dukes from 1180 and controlled an almost closed domain from then until modern times. There were some monasteries that formally had the privileges of imperial freedom and were therefore not actually subject to the Wittelsbach dukes; but this was simply ignored by the Wittelsbachers, who were "strong at home", and the German emperors, out of "political understatement" vis-à-vis the important Bavarian vassals, refrained from collecting the taxes and duties of these monasteries that were actually due to the empire.
The only really competing sovereign territory in the Bavarian region was the prince-bishopric Freising, but here too the Wittelsbachers were able to exercise control: from 1648 onwards, they brought a family member to the bishopric a total of nine times.
The small and politically rather insignificant Hochstift Berchtesgaden bishopric could because of its location in the vicinity of the economically strong and politically rival Bavaria Salzburg play a special role as an independent papal state for a long time; However, the monastery has always been the scene of armed conflicts. Berchtesgaden only fell to Bavaria with the secularization in 1803.
The monasteries in Upper Bavaria were mainly distributed in the countryside and in the smaller towns, but the mendicant orders (Franciscans, Augustinians and Dominicans) also maintained so-called foster homes in Munich as a representation in the capital in order to be able to take care of their administrative affairs. The strict Jesuits, founded on August 15, 1534 by a group of friends around Ignatius von Loyola, were only in the big cities Munich, Landsberg, Ingolstadt (Jesuit College) and Burghausen home and an important instrument of the Counter-Reformation, the Catholic answer to Protestantism.
The largest period of the monasteries is the 18th century. With the security of faith after the end of the Thirty Years War (1618 to 1648), monastery life also experienced a renaissance, and the friars renewed their churches and monastery buildings in the Baroque style.
The secularization in Bavaria from 1802 to 1803 the monasteries as an economic power came to an end: almost all of the religious orders were dissolved and the ecclesiastical goods were nationalized.
Only a few of the monasteries in Bavaria were re-established or re-established under Ludwig I from 1817, Ludwig I was in this respect the only one among the German sovereigns.
What remains of the legacy of the once numerous Upper Bavarian monasteries for the people of today are the monasteries that have not been destroyed; they are all off art historical point of view very interesting. From the former Commercial enterprises are numerous Monastery breweries The beer is still brewed by real monks in some of these monastery breweries. In addition, the monastery shops often offer self-made products such as food or handicrafts. In addition, there is a lot on the subject of "Christian spirituality" in the monasteries, such as exhibitions, seminars and training, and the "secular" is often not neglected in the various music and cultural events on the grounds of the monastery complex.
Below is a selection at monasteries in Upper Bavaria that are particularly worth seeing and interesting for tourists.
- The Benediktbeuern Monastery was founded around 739/740 and is the oldest existing monastery in Upper Bavaria. The monastery complex is well worth a visit, and the regular events in the monastery 's meierhof are also worth visiting.
- The Schlehdorf Monastery in the Tölzer Land is a foundation probably also around the year 740, the former Augustinian canons monastery church is worth seeing.
- The Benedictine monastery founded around 753 Wessobrunn was the seat of Wessobrunn stucco school, The local artist families were the masters of the stucco handicraft in the late 17th and early 18th centuries and supplied all of Europe with stucco from the Baroque and Rococo periods.
- The creation of the Tegernsee Monastery is dated to the year 746 by the house legend of the monastery, but modern research considers the early 760s to be likely. In the year 752 the bones of St. Quirinus from Rome to Tegernsee. They made the monastery one of the most important cultural centers of the Carolingian Empire in the Middle Ages.
- The Benedictine Abbey Schäftlarn monastery is in the south of Munich and is one of the oldest monastery foundations in the region (around 762), the eponymous monks of the History of the founding of the city of Munich (1155). Worth seeing in the monastery are the monastery complex and the monastery church, today it is considered a golden hour of the Bavarian Rococo.
- The monastery of the Augustinian Canons in Bad Reichenhall began in a monk's cell founded around 803 by the Salzburg Archbishop Arno. The St. Zeno Minster was consecrated in 1228 and is 90 m long, 30 m wide and 16 m high in old Bavaria's largest Romanesque church.
- The former founded in 994 Seeon Benedictine Monastery is lying in Chiemgau and north of the Chiemsee in a picturesque location on a peninsula in the Klostersee. Until secularization it was the cultural center of the Chiemgau and one of the richest monasteries in Old Bavaria. Among other things, the St. Lambert monastery church, which originated as a Romanesque columned basilica, is worth seeing. The Upper Bavaria District Education Center is located in the monastery.
- The Augustinian Canon Monastery in Rottenbuch was consecrated in 1073 by Duke Welf I of Bavaria; it was of early importance as a mother monastery for several other Bavarian monasteries. The collegiate church "Mariä Birth" was built as a Romanesque three-aisled basilica, baroque, it is one of the most splendid Rococo churches in all of Bavaria.
- The Benedictine monastery in Fischbachau was founded around 1080, the former monastery church St. Martin, built from 1096, is considered to be the best preserved Romanesque basilica in southern Bavaria, its interior was decorated with late baroque and rococo furnishings. "Maria Schutz", today's cemetery church, was built in 1087 as the first monastery church, it is considered to be the oldest church in Upper Bavaria that has been preserved in its original structure.
- The newly founded in 1132 Augustinian Canons' Monastery in Dießen am Ammersee had because of its location on a hill above Ammersee also of strategic importance. The Marienmünster, that is the former "Monastery Parish Church of the Assumption", is also one of the greatest baroque churches in southern Germany and was built from 1732 to 1739.
- The formerly rich Premonstratensian Monastery Steingaden was founded in 1147, a Romanesque cloister from the 12th century and the Wessobrunner stucco in the monastery church are worth seeing.
- The former Cistercian monastery Fürstenfeld in Fürstenfeldbruck and located northwest of Munich is probably the most important house monastery of the Wittelsbach family, it was founded around 1263. The ex Monastery Church of St. Maria is one of the largest baroque churches in Bavaria and one of the main works of the southern German late baroque.
- The Benedictine monastery Andechs at the Ammersee, because of its run by the monks Monastery brewery surely the world's most famous monastery in Upper Bavaria, is known nationwide also for the annual Carl Orff Festival.
- The Benedictine Abbey Ettal Abbey is picturesquely in the Ammergau AlpsThe monastery complex with the baroque basilica, which was built between 1400 and 1700, is worth seeing; Friends of Bavarian cuisine come to the Monastery shop and in a show dairy at their expense.
- The Benedictine Abbey Scheyern lies in the Hallertau and arose from the year 1119 from the ancestral castle of the Counts of Scheyern, the ancestors of the House of Wittelsbach. The originally Romanesque basilica is worth seeing, it was redesigned from 1768 to 1770 in the spirit of the rococo and later partially reromanized. Scheyern is particularly worth a visit because of its monks still run Monastery brewery and because of its exhibitions and cultural festivals.
Castles, chateaux and palaces
Castles
The medieval castles in Upper Bavaria are represented much more clearly in terms of number than, for example, in comparison to neighboring and territorially strongly fragmented ones to the north Francs: The Wittelsbachers, the only Bavarian rulers from the 12th century, did not allow any competition in the Electorate of Bavaria to be ready to defend. The medieval defenses are mostly positioned on the border of Bavaria against external enemies and were often no longer maintained from the 15th century at the latest.
- In Reichenhall and in the border region to Salzburg the Gruttenstein castle ruins probably around 800 that Karlstein castle ruins has its beginnings around 1150.
- The three-part Stein Castle Castle in Stein an der Traun is the most important cave castle in Germany and was first mentioned in a document in 1135. Owners were among others the Counts Toerring-Seefeld and the Fugger, in the romantic 18th century the castle was redesigned to the dark and gloomy site of the Middle Ages and the place of numerous legends. Today the cave castle belongs to a brewery and after restoration it is considered to be the best preserved of its kind in Germany.
- The beginnings of the Tittmoning Castle in what used to be Salzburg Rupertiwinkel are believed around the year 1150, it had its function as a bulwark of the Salzburg bishops against the "hostile" Bavaria on the important trade route Salzach.
- The beginnings of the Grünwald Castle in the south of Munich and above the high bank of the Isar are dated to the middle of the 12th century and still under the Count of Andechs, in the 14th century the castle becomes the hunting lodge of the Wittelsbachers. In modern times, Grünwald Castle became known throughout Germany through Karl Valentin: he dedicated his "Beer Hymn" and "Gaudilied" to the castle "Yes, so warn the old knights" (Original text and melody by Karl Valentin), also known for the jazz version of the hot dogs and the version of the bard Fredl Fesl.
- The Hohenaschau Castle high above Aschau im Chiemgau was built in the years 1165 and 1170 by the brothers Alhardt and Conrad von Hirnsberg and then experienced several changes of ownership and several renovation phases; it became a renaissance castle from the 16th century and is well preserved to this day.
- The first parts of the Burghausen Castle originated from the year 1255. From the late 15th to the early 16th century the castle was expanded into a huge bulwark and the strongest fortress in the country; The now well-preserved castle is over a kilometer long and is considered the longest castle complex in Europe.
- The Werdenfels Castle at Garmisch-Partenkirchen has its beginnings in the 13th century, it is eponymous for the whole Werdenfelser Land and fell into disrepair from the 17th century. The ruin was partially reconstructed in the 20th century.
- The Auerburg castle ruins on a fabulous rock above Oberaudorf is mentioned for the first time in 1329 and conquered by the Pandours in the Austrian War of Succession in 1745 and almost completely destroyed.
- The Willibaldsburg at Eichstatt was created from 1353 and was expanded by the Eichstätt prince-bishops (Franconian bishopric) to a cannon-proof fortress.
- The Old yard in Munich the Imperial Castle was the Wittelsbacher, the only Bavarian emperor in the 14th century was Ludwig IV, the Bavarian.
City fortifications
From the end of the Middle Ages at the latest, the city fortifications and fortifications to control the important trade routes came to the fore of the Upper Bavarian defenses.
The most important medieval trade route in the region was the Salt Road, they led from the mining sites and salt pans in Bad Reichenhall and Berchtesgaden from to the west across today's Upper Bavaria to the then Europe-wide important trading metropolis augsburg and on to the region on Lake Constance and up to the Switzerland.
It was salt the white gold of the Middle Ages, it was mainly used for the preservation of food or the production of tanning agents and was accordingly in demand and also expensive. To control and secure the lucrative salt trade, they were built at the important river crossings and bridges and in daily stages fortified cities as secure trading branches and transshipment points. These cities had trade privileges and in return were liable to pay taxes to the sovereign. The salt trade was one of the most important sources of income for the Bavarian dukes. The lucrative salt deposit right is an exclusive right to sell salt on site in the salt markets and subsequently led to rich and prosperous cities.
- Wasserburg am Inn is the end of the first stage on the Salzstrasse in the east, starting in Reichenhall / Berchtesgaden and at the river crossing over the Inn. The town and trade route are older, in 1247 Wasserburg can be conquered for the Wittelsbachers after a 17-week siege under Duke Ludwig. From 1415 there is a strong expansion of the City fortifications.
- Rosenheim is on a route variant of the salt road and is another river crossing over the Inn as a trade route on water. The year 1276 is the year the Rosenheim Inn Bridge and the salt trade were first mentioned. In 1810 Rosenheim even got its own saltworks.
- Munich is located at the river crossing over the Isar as a trade route for the raftsmen from the south. The city was founded around 1158 by Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony. The city was founded on a new Isar bridge and in competition with an existing bridge of the Bishop of Freising (see City foundation) can be seen immediately against the background of the control of the "Salzstrasse" trade route. Around 1240 the Old yard Seat of the Wittelsbach family and later the imperial residence under Emperor Ludwig IV of Bavaria. As early as 1332, Munich had a salt trade monopoly for the whole of southern Germany, became the headquarters of the Wittelsbach family and is now the third largest city in Germany. There are only traces of the first city fortifications, below Ludwig IV the Bavaria (1281 - 1347) Munich becomes one fortress, of the modern city fortifications that were built from 1619 to protect against modern artillery guns are still those Karlstor, the Isartor and the sendlinger Gate receive.
- Landsberg am Lech is at the transition over the Lech (goods transport via the rafting) and is the last stop before the Fugger and trading town augsburg at the intersection of several European long-distance routes. Also under Heinrich the Lion, in 1158, the year Munich's city was founded, the crossing of the Salt Road on the Lech was relocated to the current location of the city of Landsberg and a new castle was built. The town charter was granted to the new settlement near the bridge and castle between around 1260 and 1280. The new town was already controlled by the Wittelsbach family and in 1364 received the perpetual right to deposit salt under Duke Stephan II (1319-1375). Landsberg flourished in a row, and another city wall ring was required between 1415 and 1435. The well-preserved one, created in a total of three construction phases City fortifications with its numerous towers is important today as a national sight.
- The City fortifications of Ingolstadt is the largest preserved defense system of modern times for Upper Bavaria: in a strategically favorable location (Danube, river crossing and trade routes), the city was already considered the key to Bavaria in the Middle Ages and was consequently fought over. The very first city fortification was built in 1285; over the years it has been repeatedly involved in acts of war and is also frequently destroyed; the youngest city fortification is the fifth in terms of counting and was built from 1827. The fortress function for Ingolstadt was not given up until 1875, numerous defensive structures can still be visited.
Castles
Upper Bavaria is a land of castles.
In the late Middle Ages, the Duchy of Bavaria was divided into up to four partial duchies under the Wittelsbach lines. The Cologne arbitration award of July 30, 1505 ended the Landshut War of Succession; The winners are the Wittelsbachers from the sub-duchy of Bavaria-Landshut, based in Munich, under Duke Albrecht IV (r. 1465-1508), the loser was the Electoral Palatinate line.
The duchies in old Bavaria were permanently reunited and Munich became a kind of "capital" of the Wittelsbachers.
- The seat of the Bavarian dukes became from 1506 the Munich residence. In various construction phases up to the 19th century, the residence was converted from a well-fortified medieval moated castle into what is now Germany's largest inner-city castle.
After the end of the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648), times were quieter in Bavaria as well. From 1638 the Wittelsbachers had the electoral dignity (Maximilian I.), they subsequently developed an insatiable building craze for representative buildings for centuries. The result of this building frenzy are the numerous castles in their domain, today they are the destination for tourists from all over the world.
- The Starnberg Castle is representative of one of the early palace complexes of the Bavarian rulers: It was converted from a former defensive complex into a pleasure palace in the 15th century.
- The starnberger Lake becomes under the Wittelsbachers to Castle lake:
- As early as the end of the 15th century, the lake was the pleasure lake of the entire court. The Wittelsbachers built or owned numerous castles here (Starnberg Castle, Possenhofen Castle, Garatshausen Castle, Ammerland Castle, Allmannshausen Castle, Schloss Berg), they also owned the Rose Island.
- The latter Berg Castle then also stands for the end of the entire building frenzy in the Wittelsbach era: Here takes place on June 13, 1886 King Ludwig II., one of the most glamorous and the last of the Wittelsbach castle builders, his to this day mysterious death.
- There are also several castles on Lake Starnberg that did not belong to the Wittelsbach family (Old Tutzing Castle, Kempfenhausen) and the numerous villas from the last two centuries.
- In 1664 in Munich, Elector Ferdinand Maria and his wife Henriette Adelaide of Savoy commissioned the building of Nymphenburg Castle as a summer palace and at that time still far before the city limits. Today the complex is one of the largest royal palaces in Europe. An extensive park with a number of other park castles (Lustschlösschen) was created around the castle.
- The monumental complex of the Palace complex in Schleissheim with an extension of the castle park of over one kilometer is located north of Munich. The Old lock was built from 1616 to 1623 as a rather simple country residence. Lustheim Palace was built in 1684/1685 as a pleasure palace. The New lock entstand von 1701 bis 1726: Die Wittelsbacher machten sich zeitweise Hoffnung auf die deutsche Kaiserwürde, das neue Schloss war als Kaiserhof geplant und entsprechend waren die Dimensionen, von der ursprünglich geplanten Vierflügelanlage wurde dann nur der Hauptflügel realisiert und seitdem auch niemals richtig "benutzt".
Die Französische Revolution von 1789 bis 1799 und die folgenden Napoleonischen Kriege von 1803 bis 1815 brachten einschneidende Veränderungen für ganz Europa und auch Bayern. 1806 entsteht das Königreich Bayern mit großen territorialen Zugewinnen vor allem in Franken; die Wittelsbacher erhielten die Schlösser der fränkischen Fürstbischöfe und nutzen sie zum Teil privat, ebenso andere Anlagen wie z. Bsp. Kloster Tegernsee and Berchtesgaden. The Bayerische Konstitution vom 1. Mai 1808 bringt eine erste ständeunabhängige Volksvertretung, die Wittelsbacher regieren nicht mehr absolut.
Die Barockzeit und die große Zeit der Wittelsbacher Schlossbauten ist anschließend erst einmal vorbei, nicht aber die Bauwut der Wittelsbacher: die Herrscher verwirklichten sich in der Hauptstadt München ihres neuen Königreichs mit repräsentativen neuen Prunkstraßen und mit Prachtbauten entlang dieser Straßen:
- The Brienner Strasse entstand von 1804 bis 1814 und war zunächst nur der Fahrweg der Wittelsbacher von ihrer Residenz zum Sommerschloss Nymphenburg.
- The Ludwigstrasse entstand ab 1816 unter König Ludwig I.
- The Maximilianstrasse entstand von 1851 bis 1853 unter König Maximilian II.
- The Prinzregentenstrasse entstand von 1891 bis 1912 und ist nach Prinzregent Luitpold benannt.
In Bayern gehen die Uhren anders, das gilt auch für die Schlossbauten der Wittelsbacher: zu einem Zeitpunkt, als im übrigen Europa die Aristokratie als Bauherren von Schlössern und Villen bereits viel von ihrer Bedeutung an das Bürgertum verloren hatte, gibt es noch ein spätes eigenes Kapitel als Höhepunkt und Schluss, und dieses bayrische Sonderkapitel heißt König Ludwig II. von Bayern:
König Ludwig II. von Bayern bestieg im März des Jahres 1864 als 18-Jähriger und weitestgehend unvorbereitet für das Amt den bayerischen Königsthron. Mit dem Kriegsgeschäft und der realen Politik hatte Ludwig nicht viel am Hut, er wurde menschenscheu, träumte von einem absolutistischen Königtum und schaffte sich eine Traumwelt aus Schlossbauten nur für seinen privaten Gebrauch.
- The Königshaus am Schachen entstand von 1869 bis 1872 auf der Schachenalpe über Garmisch-Partenkirchen als Holzkonstruktion im Stil eines Schweizer Chalethauses, hier feierte Ludwig u.a. regelmäßig seine Geburtstage.
- Schloss Linderhof in the Ammergauer Alpen wurde in den Jahren 1872 bis 1878 im Stil des Rokoko als eine "Königliche Villa" erbaut, es war der eigentliche Wohnort Ludwigs.
- Schloss Herrenchiemsee entstand in den Jahren 1879 bis 1890 mit Anlehnung im Baustil an die Anlagen in Versailles. Das Schloss gefiel Ludwig dann aber irgendwann nicht mehr, es ist bis heute nicht ganz fertig geworden.
- Weltweit der bekannteste Schlossbau Ludwigs ist das Märchenschloss Neuschwanstein, es wurde in den Jahren 1869 bis 1880 gebaut und steht eigentlich schon im bayerischen Regierungsbezirk Schwaben und gehört damit nicht mehr zu Oberbayern, es liegt allerdings grenznah. Die Baumaßnahme führte zur völligen Verschuldung des Königs, er konnte das Schloss bis zu seinem mysteriösen Tod im Starnberger See am 13. Juni 1886 auch nur wenige Tage für sich selber nutzen.
Das letzte Schloss der Wittelsbacher ist Schloss Ringberg at the Tegernsee. Die Schlossanlage entstand ab 1913 unter Herzog Luitpold von Bayern, der Bau wurde aber bis zum Tod des Herzogs im Jahre 1973 nie fertig.
Buildings
Monuments
Museums
Das Museumsportal der Landesstelle für die nichtstaatlichen Museen in Bayern in the Alten Hof in Munich listet insgesamt rund 360 Museen in Oberbayern, wobei das breite Spektrum der Münchner Museumslandschaft der Schwerpunkt ist.
In Auswahl sind im Folgenden einige der interessantesten Museen in Oberbayern gelistet:
- The German Museum, eine technische Sammlung, ist eines der berühmtesten Museen der Welt und nach der Besucherzahl das beliebteste Museum in Deutschland.
- Im Münchner Stadtbezirk Maxvorstadt is that Munich art area mit den Bildersammlungen der Alten Pinakothek, Neuen Pinakothek and the Lenbachhaus, der Skulpturensammlung Glyptothek and the Pinakothek der Moderne and the Brandhorst Collection zu moderner Kunst.
- The BMW Museum, ein modernes Firmenmuseum, ist das zweithäufigste besuchte Münchner Museum.
Museen zum Thema Kunst are:
- The Museen des Expressionismus in the Bayerischen Oberland are in Bernried am Starnberger See the Buchheimmuseum, in Kochel am See the Franz Marc Museum and in Murnau am Staffelsee the Castle Museum and the Münter-Haus;
- Ein weiteres Museum zum Thema Kunst is this Olaf-Gulbransson-Museum im Ort Tegernsee.
Museen zum Thema Musik are:
- The Rockmuseum Munich and the Bill Haley Museum in Munich.
- In Mittenwald gibt es das Geigenbaumuseum zum Geigenbauerhandwerk und dessen Geschichte im Ort.
- In Garmisch-Partenkirchen is this Richard-Strauss-Institut eine Sammlung über den Komponisten Richard Strauss.
Museen zum Thema Literatur are:
- In Garmisch-Partenkirchen gibt die Michael-Ende-Ausstellung als Dauerausstellung zu Leben und Schaffen des Schriftstellers.
- In der Blutenburg in Munich do they exist International Youth Library, die größte Bibliothek für Kinder- und Jugendliteratur in der Welt und das Michael Ende Museum zu Leben und Werk des Dichters.
Museen zum Thema Religion are:
- Jeweils in den Bischofsstädten Eichstatt and Freising gibt es ein Diözesanmuseum, im Wallfahrtsort Altoetting gibt es gleich mehrere Museen rund um die Wallfahrt.
- In Munich gibt das Jüdische Museum Einblicke in das jüdische Leben und in die jüdische Kultur in der Landeshauptstadt München.
Museen rund um das Thema to eat and drink are:
- Im Münchner Zentrum das Bier- und Oktoberfestmuseum rund um das Bierfest, die Sammlung Café Luitpold zur Geschichte der Kaffeehauskultur, das Hunting and Fishing Museum (Jagd, Fischerei, Jagdwaffen und Tiermotive ) und das Kartoffelmuseum zu diesem Lebensmittel ausschließlich in kunst- und kunsthistorischer Hinsicht.
- In Schrobenhausen there is that Europäische Spargelmuseum rund um die schmackhaften Stangen.
- In Mittenwald is this Schnapsmuseum Mittenwald ein Firmenmuseum mit Einkaufsmöglichkeit und Vinothek.
Museen für Kinder und die Themen drumherum sind:
- In München zeigt das Toy museum in the Alten Rathausturm industriell geferigtes Spielzeug von 1780 bis heute, bei dem im Hauptbahnhof untergebrachten Children's and Youth Museum Munich stehen vor allem interaktive Mitmachausstellungen für Kinder und Jugendliche im Vordergrund.
- Auch in Ingolstadt gibt es ein Toy museum.
Museen zum Thema Verkehr:
- In Munich there is that Deutsche Museum Verkehrszentrum and the Museum der Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft zu der über 130-jährigen Geschichte des öffentlichen Nahverkehrs in München.
- In Oberschleissheim bei München gibt es das Deutsche Museum Flugwerft Oberschleißheim, ein Luft- und Raumfahrt-Museum mit zahlreichen z.T. flugfähigen Exponaten.
- In Freilassing zeigt die Lokwelt in einem Rundlokschuppen auf 17 Geleisen Exponate zur gesamten Eisenbahngeschichte.
Further Spezialmuseen in der Region Oberbayern:
- In Ingolstadt is this Army Museum das älteste und bedeutendste militärgeschichtliche Museum in Deutschland, das German Medical History Museum zeigt Exponate zur Geschichte der Medizin von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.
- The Feuerwehrmuseum München ist das größte Feuerwehrmuseum Deutschlands.
Und nicht zuletzt gibt es noch eine Vielzahl an Heimatmuseen zur Region selber, im folgenden auch nur in Auswahl gelistet:
- Freilichtmuseen are Glentleiten in the Tölzer Land, der Nachbau eines alten bayerischen Bauerndorfes, und am Schliersee the Markus Wasmeier Freilichtmuseum, ein altbayerisches Dorf aus historischen Gebäuden.
- The Museum Tegernseer Tal in Tegernsee behandelt die Geschichte der Region Tegernsee.
- The Museum Starnberger See in Starnberg hat die höfische Schifffahrt am Starnberger See zum Inhalt.
Parks
various
activities
shipping
Im wasser- und seenreichen Oberbayern gibt es auf den Gewässern zahlreiche Möglichkeiten für Rundfahrten und Ausflugsschifffahrt:
- The Staatliche Bayerische Seenschifffahrt bedient die Seen Oberbayerns mit einer modernen Bootsflotte:
- The Ammersee wird mit zwei Motorschiffen und zwei Schaufelraddampfern vom Frühjahr bis Oktober bedient.
- The starnberger Lake wird mit sechs Motorschiffen von etwa Anfang April bis Ende Oktober bedient.
- The Tegernsee-Schiffsflotte verkehrt ganzjährig, soweit im Winter soweit von der Eisbildung aus möglich.
- The Seenschifffahrt at the Königssee verkehrt ebenfalls ganzjährig und im Winter soweit von der Eisbildung aus möglich.
- The Chiemsee-Schifffahrt bietet ganzjährig neben den regulären Fahrten eine Vielzahl an Sonderfahrten.
- On the Schliersee finden ganzjährig Rundfahrten mit dem Motorschiff Schliersee III statt, soweit von der Eisbildung aus möglich.
- On the Kochelsee verkehrt von Mai bis Oktober die Motorschifffahrt Kochelsee.
- Die Schifffahrt auf dem Staffelsee verkehrt von April bis Allerheiligen;
Auf den oberbayerischen Flussabschnitten:
- On the Altmuehl gibt es im ausgebauten Unterlauf von Mai bis Oktober Linienfahrten, außerdem finden ganzjährig Sonderfahrten statt.
- On the Inn und an der oberbayerischen Grenze führt die Innschifffahrt (Tirolschifffahrt) aus dem österreichischen Unterinntal heraus von Anfang Mai bis Ende Oktober Rundfahrten durch.
- On the Isar and from Wolfratshausen aus finden im Sommer Gaudifahrten auf Holzflößen und mit viel Bier statt.
Regionale Radrouten
- The Ammer-Amper-Radweg führt von den Ammerquellen südlich von Oberammergau bis zur Ampermündung in die Isar bei Moosburg a.d.Isar.
kitchen
More on this topic can be found at Eating and drinking in old Bavaria.
- Das größte bayerische Spargelanbaugebiet befindet sich um Schrobenhausen (Hallertau), hier gibt es zur Saison im Frühjahr die Stangen direkt und frisch vom Erzeuger und in den Gastronomiebetrieben ein besonderes Angebot an Gerichten rund um die schmackhaften Gemüsestangen;
climate
Föhn
Ein besonderes Phänomen in der oberbayerischen Voralpenregion ist der Föhn. Er entsteht als Folge eines Schlechtwettergebietes in Italien, wenn feuchtwarme Luft von Süden als Föhnsturm über die Gipfel der Alpen gedrückt wird und beim Aufsteigen abregnet. Diese Luft weht dann an der Alpennordseite als warmer Wind in den Voralpenraum und beschert dort besonders im Frühjahr und Herbst eine trockene, mildwarme Witterung mit weiter Fernsicht, während das übrige Bayern von Wolken bedeckt ist. Allerdings kann der Föhn bei den dafür empfindlichen Menschen auch Müdigkeit und Kopfschmerzen auslösen. Diese Befindlichkeiten entstehen bei den Betroffenen oft erst nach mehrjährigem Aufenthalt in der Region, Besucher sind eher selten betroffen. Neueste Forschungen machen elektromagnetische Wellen als Begleiter des Föhns dafür verantwortlich, wobei in anderen Studien Föhnopfer in Schlaflabors keine Föhn- von Nicht-Föhn-Wetterlagen unterscheiden konnten.
health
- nationwide On-call number 116 117 (free of charge)
- Bereitschaftsdienste in Oberbayern. Tel.: 49 (0)1805 191212. 14 Cent/Min. aus dem dt. Festnetz, Mobilfunk max. 42 Cent/Min.
Practical advice
Service and addresses:
- Tourismusamt München-Oberbayern e.V., Rudolfzellerstr. 15, 81243 München. Tel.: 49 (0)89 8292180, Fax: 49 (0)89 8291828. Geöffnet: Mo – Do 9.00 – 12.00 Uhr 13.00 – 16.00 Uhr, Fr 9.00 – 12.30 Uhr.
trips
literature
- ; Bavaria, State Office for Monument Preservation, Munich (Ed.): Denkmäler in Bayern, 7 Bde. in 8 Tl.-Bdn., Bd.1/2, Oberbayern: I/Teil 1. Munich: Oldenbourg, 1986, Monuments in Bavaria, ISBN 978-3486523928 ; 1032 Seiten. Denkmalliste, ca. 160€
Culture and Customs
- : Schäfflertanz & Perchtenlauf, living traditions and customs in old Bavaria. South German, 2009, Süddeutsche Zeitung Edition, ISBN 978-3-86615-729-3 ; 192 pages. 19.90 €
- : Grant: Der Blues des Südens. Diederichs, 2012, ISBN 978-3424350708 ; 192 pages. Der Autor beschreibt den Grant als vielschichtigen Teil des bayerischen Kulturguts und Lebensgefühls und als Gegenpol zu den Ja-Sagern und Handlangern einer globalen Konsum- und Verblödungsmaschinerie. Den "Großgrantlern" Karl Valentin und Gerhard Polt ist ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet.
Web links
- Regierungsbezirk Oberbayern: www.regierung.oberbayern.bayern.de;
- Bezirk Oberbayern www.bezirk-oberbayern.de;
- Tourismusverband Oberbayern: www.oberbayern-tourismus.de;
- Erzbistum München und Freising: www.erzbistum-muenchen.de;
- Verband oberbayerischer Berufsfischer & Seenbesitzer e.V.: Fischverkauf, Angelfischerei, Fischarten;
