| Brenner | ||
 | ||
Coat of arms  | ||
| State | Italy | |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Trentino Alto Adige | |
| Territory | South Tyrol | |
| Altitude | 1,374 m a.s.l. | |
| Surface | 114.29 km² | |
| Inhabitants | 2.187 (2015) | |
| Name inhabitants | Brenneresi / Brennerer | |
| Prefix tel | 39 0472 | |
| POSTAL CODE | 39041 | |
| Time zone | UTC 1 | |
Position
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| Institutional website | ||
Brenner (Brenner in German) is a center of the Trentino Alto Adige.
To know
Brenner is a scattered municipality in which the population of German mother tongue is in the clear majority, reaching about 80 percent of the population against 19% of the Italian language and less than 1% of the Ladin language.
Geographical notes
In theUpper Valle Isarco, adjoins theAustria, at the homonymous Brenner pass. The municipality also includes the Val di Fleres.The municipal seat is located in the hamlet of Colle Isarco, the most inhabited center (about 1,000 inhabitants compared to about 320 in Brenner). In November 2007 a shopping center was built on the border (Designer Outlet Brenner - DOB), to relaunch the country, which after the opening of the borders suffered from an economic crisis. Some political proposals are to obtain a free zone for the Brenner. Behind the parish church is the waterfall at the Isarco (Eisack-Wasserfall or Ursprung), a jump that the small stream makes before channeling along the Val d'Isarco.
It is 10 km from Sterzing, 54 from Innsbruck, 40 from Bressanone, 38 from Novacella.
Background
The history of Brenner is closely connected with that of the pass of the same name. The Breuni people lived inUpper Valle Isarco and the Brenner region on both sides of the pass, whose region in Roman times was called Vallis Vipitina. In the 2nd century the Romans had built a military road there as evidenced by the discovery of milestones, dating back to the period of Marcus Aurelius, Septimius Severus and Caracalla.In the 3rd century the branch of the Via Claudia Augusta across the Brenner became the most important communication route between Italy and the Danube region.The strategic and communication importance of the place is underlined by the transit, between 960 and 1530, of 66 Germanic sovereigns of the Holy Roman Empire who went to Rome by the Pope; among these in 1154 Federico I Barbarossa. In about 1000 a definitive inhabited center was formed which in 1221 was called "Oberes Mittewald", while from 1288 "Prenner" was used, then modified over time into the current "Brenner".
In 1414 the Counts of Tyrol they established a customs house for the control of goods (Lueg and Lurx, on both sides of the pass) and in the following centuries, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries, it assumed a decisive role for the transit of traffic on the East - Venice route - Northern Europe. There was then a decline caused by the shift in continental trade. The two historic inhabited centers of the village were the church of "San Valentino", the "Hotel Post" and a few other houses on the south side, the "Hotel Kerschbaumer", "Griesberg" and "Venn" on the north side of the pass, today in Austrian territory.Under the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria in about 1740 the old road was completely renovated giving rise to the current route. Brenner regained importance with the construction of the railway between Innsbruck is Bolzano. The railway brought benefits to the country since travelers and tourism also arrived with the train, especially that of a certain level as it was in those times. The Pact of London, stipulated on April 26, 1915, assigned Italy the territory of "Tyrol southern ", from Trento up to the Brenner; at the end of the conflict on 10 November 1918 the first Italian troops arrived at the Brenner. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, signed on 10 September 1919, established the new state border at the Brenner Pass and King Vittorio Emanuele III, on 12 October 1921, inaugurated the new boundary stone.
The town of Brenner thus marked the border between two states but also between two linguistic groups, the Italian and the German. During the Fascist period, the Vallo Alpino to protect the Kingdom of Italy from the ally. On the sides of the town, immersed in the woods, there are still some Italian bunkers dating back to the Second World War, which form the Brenner Barrage, inside the Vallo Alpino in Alto Adige. Several barracks were also built on the surrounding peaks where the Border Guard watched the enemy / friend from above.During the war many trains passed through Brenner, but these were mostly trains that deported the Jewish people to the camps of concentration. From the summer of 1943, the railway and road section between Verona is Innsbruck assumes vital importance for the Allies: bombing the Brenner line means disrupting the supply system for the German troops in Italy. Although the main objective was the Brenner axis, some cities were also bombed; Trento is Bolzano they are hit on 2 September 1943; Innsbruck for the first time on December 15th. Between 1943 and 1945, raids systematically targeted these territories; the Germans settle between Innsbruck is Verona 525 Flak anti-aircraft artillery pieces and mobilize about 11,500 Todt workers to reactivate the communication lines.
How to orient yourself
Brenner: full screen map.Neighborhoods
The municipal territory also includes the villages of Colle Isarco (Gossensaß) which is the municipal seat, Fleres (Pflersch), Ponticolo (Pontigl), Terme di Brennero (Brennerbad), Moncucco (Giggelberg), S. Antonio
How to get
- 1 Bolzano-Dolomites Airport (IATA: BZO) (6 km from the center of Bolzano), ☎ 39 0471 255 255, fax: 39 0471 255 202.
open to the public: 05: 30–23: 00; ticket office opening: 06: 00-19: 00; check-in for flights from Bolzano is only possible from 1 hour to a maximum of 20 minutes before departure. Small regional airport with scheduled flights to and from Lugano is Rome with Etihad Regional (by Darwin Air). At certain times of the year, the Lauda Air company connects the city with Vienna once a week. On the other hand, charter flights are more numerous. - 2 Verona Airport (Catullus), Boxes of Sommacampagna, ☎ 39 045 8095666, @[email protected].
- 3 Brescia Airport (D'Annunzio), Via Aeroporto 34, Montichiari (Connections with Brescia airport are guaranteed by public transport via the bus. The stop a Brescia city is located at the bus station (number 23), while that of the airport is at the front of the terminal. There are also connections to the city of Verona via bus / shuttle line 1), ☎ 39 045 8095666, @[email protected]. Charter only
open to the public: 05: 30–23: 00; ticket office opening: 06: 00-19: 00; check-in for flights from Bolzano is only possible from 1 hour to a maximum of 20 minutes before departure. Small regional airport with scheduled flights to and from By bus
Public bus transport services in South Tyrol are managed by SAD [1]
Public bus transport services in South Tyrol are managed by SAD How to get around
What see
- Parish church of San Valentino. It stands in the place where a sanctuary dedicated to St. Valentine once stood in 565. The bell tower dating back to the fourteenth century, the polygonal choir and the stone portal of the fifteenth century have been preserved from the later constructions. : After a fire in 1787, the church was restored again and embellished with frescoes by Franz Unterberger.
- Parish Church of Santa Maria della Strada. It is the new parish church of Brenner erected between 1958 and 1962 on a project by the architect Luis Plattner who placed the church on reinforced concrete poles embedded in the ground. The altarpiece in enamelled bronze by Max Spielmann of Innsbruck represents Santa Maria della Strada to which the church is dedicated. The lid of the baptismal font and the stations of the cross in terracotta are by the Bolzano artist Maria Delago, while the stained glass windows were made by Hans Prünster.
- Maria Hilf Chapel of Terme di Brennero (Madonna of the help or Mary Help of Christians). It was built in the years 1882-1886 in neo-Romanesque style thanks above all to the offers of the guests of the thermal baths.
- Chapel of the Wolf (Wolfenkapelle). In the Brenner valley basin, the old Zöhrenhof had been transformed into the renowned "Al lupo del Brennero" (Brennerwolf) inn which was open all year round at the time of the carters. Instead of the simple and small chapel for prayers, in 1755 the host Christian Wolf erected a new church to fulfill a vow: the "Lupo" chapel at Brenner (in German Wolfenkapelle am Brenner). A votive image from 1757, entering on the left, still dates back to him. Inside you can admire a large bloody crucifix.
- In the years 1968-1969 the construction of the highway made it necessary to move the inn and chapel to their present site.
- Vallo Alpino del Littorio (Vallo Alpino). It is a system of fortifications made up of defense works (bunkers) built during the Fascist period before the Second World War to protect the Italian border from neighboring countries, that is France, Switzerland, Austria is Yugoslavia.
- The construction on the former Austrian border, which became the German border after the annexation ofAustria to Germany on March 13, 1938, it began in 1939 as a result of Mussolini's distrust of Hitler's Germany. This last stretch was baptized by the populations of the areas involved in the works "Linea non mi fido", with an evident ironic reference to the Siegfried Line.
- The geopolitical situation that arose after the war led to the partial restoration and commissioning of the works of the former Northern Alpine Valley, which returned to operation from the early 1950s until 1992, manned by departments specifically dedicated to the purpose: Alpini d ' Arrest and Arrest Infantrymen.
- Brenner barrier. The Brenner barrage (in German: Sperre Brenner) is a barrage that is part of the 14th Isarco coverage sector of the Alpine Vallo in South Tyrol, which is located near the Brenner Pass.
- The work, built in a cavern with external concrete sacks, is located on the right orographic part of the Brenner Pass, just south of work 4. The location near a small road that climbs with hairpin bends is easily recognizable. The environment that surrounds it is very suggestive: one of its two entrances is located near a waterfall and to access it you have to cross the Rio Stein.
- Military memorial (in Colle Isarco). It was built in 1937 by the architect Giovanni Greppi and the sculptor Giannino Castiglioni and houses the bodies of 97 Italian fallen. Housed inside the mountain wall, it overlooks the state road. The fallen were buried in niches arranged in three horizontal lines; in front of these tombs there is an altar, on a block of granite, with a bronze plate engraved with an epigraph. The flagpole with the flag and a Roman column were placed on the sides of the tombs.
- This shrine houses the bodies of 97 Italian fallen (9 of which are unknown), coming from the disused military cemeteries of Brenner, Bressanone, Fortress, Mezzaselva, Varna is Sterzing.
Sites of environmental interest
- Val di Fleres. Val di Fleres (Pflerschtal in German) is a small valley belonging to the municipality of Brennero which starts from Colle Isarco and reaches the top of Montarso (Östlicher Feuerstein) in the Breonie Alps; its average altitude is 1,245 m ..
- In the past it was also called Silbertal ("valley of silver") due to the mines present there since the Middle Ages. The silver and lead mines of Fleres remained active until 1818. Currently the valley is considered one of the most uncontaminated places inSouth Tyrol.
- Waterfall in Hell (Pflerscher Hölle). It is located in Val di Fleres; the height of his jump is 46 meters. It can be reached starting from San Antonio, walking towards the Feuerstein pension; continue along the old Steiner Kirchweg until you reach the locality of Sasso (Stein). Here you reach a blue bridge, which you cross to go on the forest road in the direction of the Cremona refuge and Tribulaun refuge.
- The waterfall is also considered by the valley dwellers as a meteorological indicator; if the waterfall "smokes" (or becomes bubbly) then the weather is good. From the Sasso car park, the waterfall can be reached in 40 minutes, following the signs.
Events and parties
What to do
- Ski. During the winter there are 15 kilometers of ski slopes, served by two four-seater chairlifts with automatic grip (Ladurns) and a ski lift in San Antonio (St. Anton). There are also two cross-country trails and a toboggan run.
- Trails. During the summer, the route can be practiced high route of Fleres (Großer Pflerscher Höhenweg) and the Dolomieuweg path from Ladurns to Valminga (Valming) and Monte Cavallo (Rosskopf)
- 1 Ladurns. Ski area in winter, but also very popular in summer, as it offers the possibility of multiple starting points for excursions, but also simple walks. The Ladurns hut it can be reached on foot in about 2 hours (path 35 / A) or by chairlift, in 7 minutes.
- Edelweiss refuge. From the Ladurns hut it is possible to reach the Edelweiss hut, recognizable as it has a crucifix next to it, and a small lake, where trout are also fished. From here the hiker finds himself in front of the Tribulaun group, which despite reaching only 3,100 meters, stands imposing compared to the other mountain ranges.
Shopping
How to have fun
Where to eat
Average prices
- 1 Ladurner Grill restaurant, Location Fleres 101, ☎ 39 0472 77058.
Where stay
Average prices
- 1 Hotel Alpin Pflerschtal, Val di Fleres, 84, ☎ 39 0472 770101. 3 star hotel
- 2 Bergkristall hotels, Pflersch 88, ☎ 39 0472 770561. 3 star hotel
Safety
How to keep in touch
Post office
- 4 Italian post, Via Karl Von Etzel 56 / B, ☎ 39 0472 631149, fax: 39 0472 631250.
Around
- Sterzing - It is one of the most beautiful villages in Italy. Its historical core has remained almost intact in its 12th century conformation. Only a few tracts remain of the walls. Characteristic are the houses equipped with details bay windows or Erker, covered and closed projecting balconies.
- Innsbruck - Capital of Tyrol Austrian, has a nice old town. It is a city of winter sports.
- Varna - The Abbey of Novacella, in its municipal territory, is one of the most beautiful abbey complexes in Italy; it is in good condition.
- Bressanone - City with an important historical center enclosed by walls and gates. The Cathedral, his cloister with precious frescoes, the Bishop's Palace give an elegant imprint to the old city, with characteristic small villages that contrast with wide-ranging urban openings.
- Brenner lake. Lake Brenner (Brennersee in German) is a small lake located shortly after the Brenner Pass 1.15 km from the border between Italy is Austria in the Wipptal in Tyrol in Austria. It is included in the municipality of Gries am Brenner.
- In the lake, which is 1,310 meters high and covers about 19 hectares, there are carp and trout. Near it passes the road that in Italy takes the name of State road 12 of Abetone and Brennero and the Austrian A13 motorway which in Italy becomes A22 of the Brenner.
- Wolf Thorn. It is a 2,783 meters high mountain in the Zillertal Alps in the Western Tauern Alps. The mountain is located along the border line, between Italy and Austria, in fact on the top there is a boundary stone which, in addition to bearing the initials of the two states ("I" and "Ö"), bears the inscription "e-94". At the top is a weather station of the Innsbruck Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics (IMGI).
- It is one of the most panoramic points around the Brenner Pass, in fact you can see several peaks, including: Monte Gerla, Gran Pilastro, Punta Bianca, Picco della Croce, Cima Gallina, Cima Vallaccia, Tribulaun, up to a glimpse, along the valley of the Inn, the city of Innsbruck. Also from the top you can see the Tre Cime di Lavaredo.
- To reach the top, located on the Italian-Austrian border, there are mainly two ways:
- starting from the Brennero, near the Brennerwolf, where there is also a small church. Here you take path no. 12, reaching the Luco hut (Luegeralm) at 1601 meters, and then continue to the Vallaccia Pass (Flatschjöchl) at 2395 meters, up to here about 3 hours of walking. From here, in just over an hour you can reach the summit, along a path that continues in a zig-zag manner.
- starting from the Val di Vizze, precisely above the town of Caminata (Kematen), go up along a small road until you reach the barrier that limits traffic. From here it can be reached, following path no. 5A, in 1.5 hours the Grubberg hut (Grubberghütte) at 2028 meters. Continue climbing now on path n. 5, up to the Vallaccia Pass (Flatschjöchl) at 2395 meters, about 2 hours and 40 minutes so far. Here you join the path that climbs from the Brenner side, and continue as explained above, for a total time of less than 4 hours of walking.
Itineraries
- Castles of South Tyrol - A journey to discover the South Tyrolean manors which, born for military purposes, later became largely refined stately homes, centers of culture, examples of fine architecture, testimony to the greatness of the families who built them.
