Manṣūra - Manṣūra

Damietta arm of the Nile in el-Manṣūra in the evening
el-Manṣūra · ‏المنصورة‎
GovernorateDaqahlīya
Residents
960.423 (2012)
height
15 m
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location
Location map of the Nile Delta in Egypt
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Manṣūra

El-Mansura (also (el-) Mansora, (el-) Mansoura, (el-) Mansourah, Arabic:المنصورة‎, al-Manṣūra, „the victorious [city]") is a egyptian City in Nile Delta with about 439,000 inhabitants and the administrative seat of the governorate ed-Daqahlīya. Historically, it is closely linked to the outcome of the fifth and sixth crusades in 1221 and 1250, respectively. Numerous buildings, especially to the west of the train station, still bear witness to the rise of the city as a trading center and center of grain and cotton processing since the middle of the 19th century.

background

Location and importance

El-Manṣūra is located 120 kilometers northwest of Cairo and 60 kilometers southwest of Dumyāṭ (Damiette) in the northwest Nile Delta in the governorate of ed-Daqahlīya, of which it is the capital. It is located on the right, here southern, bank of the Damiette or Phatnite arm of the Nile opposite its sister city Ṭalchā (Arabic:طلخا) On the left bank. In the north of the city branches off the arm of the Nile, the Asmun (بحر أشمون‎, Baḥr Ashūn) or small channel (Arabic:البحر الصغير‎, al-Baḥr aṣ-Ṣughair) after the village of Aschmūn er-Rummān (Arabic:أشمون الرمان, Also Aschmūn Ṭannāḥ, Arabic:أشمون طناح) Is named.

The city lives mainly from agriculture, food and textile production, trade, university and administration. Since the middle of the 19th century, trade and grain processing brought the city considerable wealth. Cotton and grain were and are grown in the fields around the city, and in the past also tobacco, flax and hemp.

The city's population grew steadily. While here in 1885 and 1917 about 16,000[1] and 49.238[2] In 1970, 1986, 1996 and 2006 there were already 218,000, 317,508, 369,409 and 439,348 inhabitants.[3] This makes el-Manṣūra the eighth largest city in Egypt and after Schubrā el-Cheima and el-Maḥalla el-Kubrā the third largest city in the Nile Delta.

history

Ayyubid sultans in Egypt

The Ayyubids (in Egypt 1171-1250) were a Sunni-Muslim ruling family founded by Saladin (1137 / 1138-1193). Her name derives from Saladin's father, Naǧm ed-Dīn Aiyūb († 1173), a Kurdish soldier. Their rule extended over large parts of the Arabian Peninsula, Palestine, Egypt and Libya. Sultans ruled from Egypt and Damascus, other emirs in Aleppo, Hama, Homs, Kerak, Yemen and El-Jazira, among others.

  1. Ṣalāḥ ed-Dīn (Saladin, reign 1171–1193)
  2. el-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān (1193–1198), son of Saladin
  3. el-Manṣūr Nāṣir (1198–1200), son of el-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān
  4. Abū Bakr el-Malik el-ʿĀdil I. (Saphadin, 1200–1218), brother of Saladin
  5. el-Kāmil Muḥammad el-Malik (1218–1238), son of el-Malik el-ʿĀdil I.
  6. Seif ed-Dīn el-Malik el-ʿĀdil II. (1238-1240), son of el-Kāmil Muḥammad el-Malik
  7. el-Malik eṣ-Ṣāliḥ Naǧm ed-Dīn Aiyūb (1240–1249), son of el-Kāmil Muḥammad el-Malik
  8. el-Malik el-Muʿaẓẓam Tūrān Shāh (1249–1250), son of el-Malik eṣ-Ṣāliḥ Naǧm ed-Dīn Aiyūb

El-Manṣūra is an Arabic City foundation in the High Middle Ages and therefore a very young city. It became in 1219, 616 AH, from Ayyubids-Sultan el-Kāmil Muḥammad el-Malik (around 1180–1238) as a fortified army camp under the name Neu-Damiette, as the chronicle of Jordan by Giano identifies[1] founded. This was preceded by the siege of the city Damiette during the fifth crusade since April 1218, which could not be conquered until November 5, 1219. The army camp was set up in a strategically favorable location, almost in an island position between the Damiette arm of the Nile and the Aschmūn Canal, in order to prevent the possible advance of the crusader army into Cairo.

The moment of negotiating with the weakened Sultan el-Kāmil has been turned down. The papal envoy cardinal Pelagius of Albano (1165–1230) urged the capture of Cairo. But the sultan's troops met just in time el-Muʿaẓẓam, el-Kāmil's brother and Ayyubid Sultan over Syriato stop and defeat the army of the Crusaders in August 1221 in front of el-Manṣūra together with el-Kāmil's troops. The onset of the Nile flood, reinforced by artificial flooding, turned large areas into swamp areas, which made fighting more difficult and barred the retreat of the crusader armies. After negotiations, Damiette was cleared again by the crusaders in early September 1221.

On the occasion of el-Kāmil's triumphant entry into Damiette on September 8, 1221, the city received the Names el-Manṣūra, "the victorious", in which another victory celebration took place a little later.

But el-Manṣūra should also in the following sixth crusade (1248–1254)[4] play a crucial role. And as an irony of history, this also meant the end of the victorious power, the Ayyubid dynasty, through a coup d'état.

1245 called Pope Innocent IV after the sixth crusade Jerusalem was again taken by Ayyubid armies. The Pope could only use the French king for this crusade Louis IX win who prepared the crusade for three years. In June 1249 the crusader troops landed on the Egyptian coast and were able to shelter against the Ayyubid army Fachr ed-Dīn Yūsuf, Emir of the Mamluk Guard, prevail and take Damietta without a fight. An impending palace revolt by the Mamluks bodyguards prevented the Sultan el-Malik eṣ-Ṣāliḥ from executing Fachr ed-Dīn Yūsuf for his failure. Damiette was subsequently used as a base for Louis IX. used. From November 20, 1249, the crusader troops advanced further inland and reached el-Manṣūra on December 20, where they set up their camp. In the meantime, on the night of November 22nd to 23rd, Sultan el-Malik eṣ-Ṣāliḥ died. Together with a few loyal officials, it succeeded Shadjar ed-Durr († 1257), the late sultan's widow or favorite slave, the reign of her son Tūrān Shāh during his stay in Syria and to keep the Sultan's death a secret. As the commander-in-chief of the army, she installed the disgraced general Fachr ed-Dīn Yūsuf.

Robert of Artois is killed in the battle of el-Manṣūra. On the right, his brother Ludwig IX is in mourning.

The Franconian armies advancing further defeated the battle of el-Manṣūra from February 8th to 11th, 1250 with great losses - 300 soldiers, 285 horsemen and Ludwig's brother were killed Robert of Artois (1216–1250) - still decide for yourself. But hunger and disease as well as the destruction of the Franconian fleet on March 16, 1250 weakened the crusader armies. The peace negotiations with Shajar ed-Durr failed because the weakening of the crusaders was already evident. On April 5, 1250 el-Manṣūra had to be abandoned. On the retreat to Damietta, the crusader army joined a day later Fāraskūr by an army under the leadership of the Sultan Tūrān Shāh and the general eẓ-Ẓāhir Rukn ed-Dīn Baibars el-Bunduqdārī (1223–1277), who succeeded the fallen military leader Fachr ed-Dīn Yūsuf, defeated. Louis IX, his brothers Charles of Anjou (1226-1285) and Alfonso of Poitiers (1220–1271) and most of the army, around 10,000 men, were taken prisoner. At Tūrān Shāh's behest, 300 of the prisoners were killed and thrown into the Nile every night. The historian Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad edh-Dhahabī (1274–1348) gives the number of those killed as 7,000.[5] Only princes and barons were spared, as they promised a ransom. Louis IX, Karl von Anjou and Alfons von Poitiers were brought to the house of Fachr ed-Dīn Ibrāhīm ibn Luqmān (Arabic:فخر الدين إبراهيم بن لقمان) And guarded there by a eunuch named Sobih el-Moazami. Louis IX complained in a letter about his capture:

“The Saracens attacked the Christian army with all their might and in infinite numbers on our retreat, and it happened that, with divine permission and as it was deserving of our sins, we fell into the hands of the enemy; we ourselves, our brothers, the Counts Alfons of Poitiers and Charles of Anjou, and everyone who returned to land with us, did not fall into captivity without great loss of dead and the shedding of Christian blood, and none escaped. "[1]
Execution of the Sultan Tūrān Shāh
The French King Louis IX. in captivity in Dār ibn Luqmān

The ceasefire and ransom negotiations were initially conducted with Tūrān Shāh. It was about 1,000,000 gold trimmings (gold coins common throughout Europe, gold dinars, at that time) and Damiette's job. But things turned out differently now. After the Battle of Fāraskūr Tūrān Shāh tried to push back the influence of the Mamluks at the court and to get rid of their leaders. But Schadschar ed-Durr was able to warn them in time. Under the leadership of the Mamluk warrior eẓ-Ẓāhir Rukn ed-Dīn Baibars el-Bunduqdārī, they attacked Tūrān Shāh in his apartments in Faraskur on May 2, 1250, fought him in the pursuit with swords and arrows and finally beheaded him. This ended the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt, and the era of the Mamluk sultans began. Since it was not yet possible to agree on the throne, Shajar ed-Durr became de jure to the first Sultana (reign 1250–1257 until her assassination), her wedded husband el-Muʿizz ʿIzz ed-Dīn Aibak († 1257) de facto the new ruler. The aforementioned Baibars rose to Sultan of Egypt in 1260, and he subsequently subjugated the rest of the Ayyubid Empire.

With the common enemy, the Ayyubids still residing in Syria, the scope for negotiation for Louis IX naturally increased. The ransom was reduced to 200,000 gold trimmings twice. After on May 6, 1250 Gottfried von Sergines Damiette released, was Louis IX. released the next day with his entourage and was able to leave Egypt on May 8, 1250 in the direction of Acre.

Little is known of el-Manṣūra from the time after the Crusades. In Mamluk period el-Manṣūra belonged to the province of ed-Daqahlīya, but its capital was formed by the aforementioned Aschmūn Ṭannāḥ. The Egyptian governor of the Ottoman Empire, Sulaimān Pasha el-Chādim, relocated the provincial court from Aschmūn Ṭannāḥ to el-Manṣūra in 1527 and raised el-Manṣūra to the capital of the province of ed-Daqahlīya. Since 1871 el-Manṣūra is an administrative district with 60 surrounding villages.[6]

In the second half of the 19th century el-Manṣūra developed into a trading center for cotton. And the character of the city changed. More and more European foreigners moved to the city, who also shaped it architecturally, almost cosmopolitan. ʿAlī Pasha Mubārak gave an impression of this city at the end of the 19th century:

“The buildings of el-Manṣūra and the wealth of the people flourished. It [the city] has a board of directors, a town council and a court. There is also a hospital and maternity clinics, crop shops, many buildings, around 50 bazaars with shops selling silk, wool and cotton clothes, and other parts of important cities. The city has cafes overlooking the Nile, where foreign merchants and others meet to exchange goods. There are cafes and pubs and beautiful streets that are gifted with nice weather. The Khedive [Viceroy] Ismail Pasha has ordered the opening of a new street [then Ismail Street, now El-Sikka el-Gadida St.], which leads from the Board of Directors to the train station ...
Directly on the Nile there are four palaces in excellent condition, as well as residences and a gigantic palace with a garden of 40 feddans, which belongs to the Khedive Ismail Pasha. "[7]

The local communities included Greeks, French, Italians, British and others. Of particular importance because of its size was the Greek community, mostly Christians, but also with a few Jews. Nonetheless, el-Manṣūra could do better than Alexandria and Port Said preserve its local character. However, with the revolution of 1952 this too became history.

In 1962, the medical faculty was established as a branch of Cairo University in el-Manṣūra. In 1972 East Delta University, renamed Mansura University a year later, was founded. Today it is one of the largest universities in Egypt with 18 faculties.

1973 el-Manṣūra was again the scene of armed conflicts. During the Yom Kippur or October War took place here on October 14, 1973 from 3:15 p.m. local time Battle of el-Manṣūra between Egyptian and Israeli air forces north of the city. The Israeli armed forces attempted the Egyptian military airports near el-Manṣūra with 160 F-4 Phantom II fighter planes, Ṭanṭā and destroy eṣ-Ṣāliḥīya. The Egyptian Air Force deployed 62 MiG-21 fighter planes for defense. This battle, which lasted only 53 minutes, was won by the Egyptians after the Israeli withdrawal. The Egyptian armed forces lost 6 fighter planes in the battle, the Israeli 17 according to the Egyptian representation[8] or two to Israeli.[9] To commemorate this air battle, the special day of the Egyptian Air Force, the Air Force Day, was set on October 14th. For the Egyptians, el-Manṣūra was again “the victorious”.

orientation

The begins at the south end of the station building 1 El Thawra St. (El Sikka el Gadida St.), which runs in a west-northwest direction and joins Port Said St.. After a good hundred meters in a southerly direction in Port Said St. you will reach the National Museum. At the northern end of Port Said St. you come to the two-lane El Gumhuriya St. and the Ṭalchā Bridge over the Nile. The two lanes of El Gumhuriya St. split 500 meters west of the bridge, the northern lane is now called El Mashaya el Sufliya St., the more southern one is still El Gumhuriya St. West behind the fork in the road, in the north, the Rose Island begins. Further west, in the south, before the Nile bridge of the ring road, you reach the large area of ​​the Mansura University.

getting there

City map of el-Manṣūra

By train

Railway bridge in el-Manṣūra

El-Manṣūra is on the railway line Cairo - Dumyāṭ. The city lets itself be so Cairo (two and a quarter to three hours), Ṭanṭā (one hour), ez-Zaqāzīq, el-Maḥalla el-Kubrā (half an hour to an hour) and Dumyāṭ (an hour and a half). The trains run about five times a day. The 2 El-Manṣūra train station is located east of the city center.

By bus

The is about 500 meters east of the train station 3 Bus station in the Gamal el-Din el-Afghani St., approximately in the area of ​​the confluence with el-Guesh St. From here buses run to Cairo (every half hour, 2 hours driving time), after ez-Zaqāzīq (every half hour, hour and a half), after Sue (six times a day, three and a half hours) and Sharm esch-Sheikh (six times a day, seven hours).

Another bus station, about 1 kilometer further southeast, is intended for service taxis to Cairo and ez-Zaqāzīq. Service taxis after Alexandria, Dumyāṭ, Kafr esch-Sheikh, el-Maḥalla el-Kubrā, Port Said and Ṭanṭā start in the sister city Ṭalchā on the opposite bank of the river.

In the street

Via the Autobahn 1 one arrives from Cairo to Ṭanṭā. From Ṭanṭā you can get there via Highway 5 el-Maḥalla el-Kubrā, el-Manṣūra and Dumyāṭ.

mobility

White and reddish brown taxis operate in the city. A taxi ride costs around LE 3 (as of 8/2008).

Tourist Attractions

National Museum el-Manṣūra

1  National Museum el-Manṣūra (‏متحف المنصورة القومي‎, Matḥaf al-Manṣūra al-Qaumī), Port Said St. Tel.: 20 (0)50 224 3763. National Museum el-Manṣūra in the Wikipedia encyclopediaNational Museum el-Manṣūra in the media directory Wikimedia CommonsNational Museum el-Manṣūra (Q12211213) in the Wikidata database.Open: officially except Mondays, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.Price: Entry LE 3 (as of 8/2008).(31 ° 2 '43 "N.31 ° 22 ′ 48 ″ E)
The museum was opened on May 7, 1960 by the then Egyptian President Gamal Abd el-Nasser opened to the victory over Louis IX. and to commemorate his crusader army. It was in Dār ibn Luqmān (Arabic:دار إبن لقمان‎, „House of ibn Luqmān“), In which Louis IX., His brothers and faithful were held prisoner after his capture in the Battle of Faraskur from April 7th to May 7th 1250. The house was built in the first half of the 13th century and belonged to Fachr el-Dīn Ibrāhim ibn Luqmān (Arabic:فخر الدين إبراهيم بن لقمان), A minister under Sultan el-Kāmil Muḥammad. After extensive restorations, the museum has existed in its current form since 1997 and 2015.
It is the only house from its time and was built on the banks of the Nile, which is 500 meters away today. The whole building is now below street level and can be reached via a modern staircase. The house is locked with a simple wooden door. Above the door is a small barred window and the modern designation of the house as Dār ibn Luqmān. A vestibule leads to the courtyard. The Arab-style living area with the salamlek, the area for the men, and the haramlek, the lounge area for the women with their children, could be reached via a wooden staircase. There were storage rooms under the living area. The living area of ​​the house is no longer accessible these days.
Entrance to the house of ibn Luqmān
Courtyard of the house of ibn Luqmān
Figure group of the guarded Ludwig IX. in the museum hall
Museum hall in the house of ibn Luqmān
Opposite is the entrance to the newly designed museum, which is actually a gallery. It consists only of a large exhibition hall. The exhibits include historical exhibits such as the bronze helmet of Louis IX, the bronze helmet of an Egyptian warrior, chain mail, and Arabic and French swords. The majority are modern works of art (the name of the artist is in brackets).
On the one hand there are plaster busts of the Schadschar ed-Durr (by Abd el-Kader Rezk), of Tūrān Schāh (Muhammad Mustafa) and Gamal Abd el-Nasser (Abd el-Hamid Hamdi), plaster statues of Louis IX. (Abd el-Hamid Hamdi), an Egyptian rider (Muhammad Mustafa), the female statue of the city of el-Manṣūra and the female statue of the Arab unity (both by Abd el-Kader Rezk) as well as the group of figures guarding the seated Louis IX. by the guardian Sobih (Abd el-Salam Ahmad).
On the other hand, maps and oil paintings report on the course of history such as the “Battle of the Little Lake” (Kamil Mustafa), the “Battle of el-Manṣūra” (Abd el-Aziz Darwisch), the “Battle of Faraskur” (el-Husein Fawzi), “Ludwig IX. is led to Dar ibn Luqman ”(Kamil Mustafa),“ Ludwig IX. in captivity ”(el-Husein Fawzi) and the“ ransom delivery ”(Muhammad Mustafa).

Immediately north of this house is the mosque of Sheikh el-Muwāfī.

Mosques

El-Manṣūra still has several historical mosques. These are:

  • 2  el-Muwāfī Mosque (‏مسجد الموافي‎, Masǧid el-Muwāfī). The mosque was founded by the Sultan el-Malik eṣ-Ṣāliḥ Naǧm ed-Dīn Aiyūb and is located in close proximity to Dār ibn Luqmān. It was named after the Sheikh ʿAbdullāh el-Muwāfī (Arabic:الشيخ عبد الله الموافي), Who had established a religious institute. Today's mosque is a modern new building.(31 ° 2 '43 "N.31 ° 22 ′ 47 ″ E)
  • 3  Mosque of eṣ-Ṣāliḥ Aiyūb (‏مسجد الصالح أيوب ، مسجد المحمودية‎, Masǧid aṣ-Ṣāliḥ Aiyūb, Masǧid al-Maḥmūdīya), el-Sagha St.. It is considered the oldest and most important mosque in the city. The sultan, who died in 1249, is buried in the mosque.(31 ° 2 '48 "N.31 ° 22 ′ 44 ″ E)
  • 4  en-Naggār Mosque (‏جامع النجار‎, Ǧāmiʿ an-Naǧǧār). The mosque is located in the old traders' market Sūq en-Naggār,سوق النجار‎.(31 ° 2 ′ 41 ″ N.31 ° 22 ′ 53 ″ E)
  • 5  Sīdī-Ḥāla Mosque (‏مسجد سيدى حالة‎, Masǧid Sīdī Ḥāla). The 711 AH, 1311/1312, built in the Mamluk era mosque is located in the street of the same name and is still largely unchanged.(31 ° 2 '48 "N.31 ° 22 ′ 36 ″ E)
  • 6  Sīdī-Saʿd Mosque (‏مسجد سيدي سعد‎, Masǧid Sīdī Saʿd). The burial mosque of Sīdī Saʿd has been redesigned several times.(31 ° 2 '48 "N.31 ° 23 ′ 18 ″ E)
  • 7  el-Ḥawār mosque (‏مسجد الحوار‎, Masǧid al-Ḥawār) (31 ° 2 '43 "N.31 ° 22 ′ 32 ″ E)
  • Sheikh Idrīs el-Dināwī Mosque (‏مسجد الشيخ إدريس الحناوي‎, Masǧid al-Sheikh Idrīs el-Ḥināwī)

Churches

  • 8  Cathedral of St. Virgin Mary and the Archangel Michael (‏كاتدرائية السيدة العذراء مريم ورئيس الملائكة ميخائيل‎, Kātidrāʾīya as-Saiyida al-ʿAḏrāʾ Maryam wa-Raʾīs al-Malāʾika Michāʾīl). Episcopal Church.(31 ° 2 '47 "N.31 ° 23 ′ 1 ″ E)
  • 9  Church of St. George (‏كنيسة الشهيد العظيم مارجرجس‎) (31 ° 2 ′ 25 ″ N.31 ° 22 ′ 50 ″ E)
  • 10  Church of St. Damyāna (‏كنيسة الست دميانة‎, Kanīsat as-Sitt Damyāna) (31 ° 2 ′ 37 ″ N.31 ° 22 ′ 15 ″ E)
  • 11  Church of St. Virgin (‏كاتدرائية السيدة العذراء مريم‎, Kanīsat as-Saiyida al-ʿAḏrāʾ Maryam) (31 ° 3 '15 "N.31 ° 23 '54 "E)
  • 12  Church of St. Anthonius and Paulus (‏كنيسة الأنبا أنطونيوس والأنبا بولا‎, Kanīsat al-Anbā Anṭūniyūs wa-l-Anbā Būlā). The church is owned by the two early hermits and monastery founders Anthony the Great and Paul of Thebes consecrated.(31 ° 2 ′ 27 ″ N.31 ° 23 ′ 18 ″ E)

Palaces

Of the former palaces in el-Manṣūra, five are still preserved: the palace of Khedive (viceroy) Ismail, the palace of Mu vonammad Bey esch-Shinnāwī, that of Maḥmūd Sāmī, that of Ibrāhīm esch-Schinnāwī and the Iskandar palace. Most of the palaces are inaccessible these days. The palace of Muḥammad Bey esch-Schinnāwī is an exception, because this is the official seat of the antiquities administration for Coptic and Islamic antiquities and is therefore accessible from Sunday to Thursday from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. Then all you need is some negotiating skills. It is planned that the palace of Muḥammad Bey esch-Schinnāwī will house the national museum in the future.

13  Palace of Muḥammad Bey esch-Shinnāwī (‏قصر محمد بك الشناوي‎, Qaṣr Muḥammad Bek ash-Shinnāwī), Tala'at Harb St.. (31 ° 2 ′ 42 ″ N.31 ° 22 ′ 3 ″ E)
The palace, also known as Beit el-Umma among the locals, was built in 1928 by an Italian architect for Muḥammad Bey esch-Shinnāwī (Arabic:محمد بك الشناوي), A member of the Wafd party, member of the upper house of the Egyptian parliament and large landowner in el-Manṣūra. His father, whose business he continued, had already got rich with the processing and trading of cotton, rice, sugar and with carpenters and ironworks. Muḥammad Bey esch-Schinnāwīs wealth made him one of the most respected personalities in the city, who also repeatedly opened his house for public events. The politicians were among his guests Saʿd Zaghlūl Pasha and Muṣṭafā en-Naḥḥās Pashabut also king Fārūq. The famous Egyptian singer and composer was one of the artists Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Even the Egyptian singer sang at the wedding of Muḥammad esch-Shinnāwī's son Saʿd Umm Kulthūm.[10]
The house was built by Italians in the Italian style. It is not infrequently referred to as the most beautiful Italian palace outside of Italy. A large flight of stairs leads into the house. There is a balcony above the stairs. The upper part of the house and the gable are decorated with stucco and vases.
Entrance to the palace of Muḥammad Bey esch-Shinnāwī
Ground floor in the palace of Muḥammad Bey esch-Shinnāwī
Fountain in the garden of the palace
Veranda in the palace of Muḥammad Bey esch-Shinnāwī
The reception hall and salon are on the ground floor. Behind the reception room is the dining room, from which you can reach another salon for afternoon coffee or tea. From the dining room you can reach the rear veranda, from which you can enjoy a wonderful view of the garden. Once the view extended to the Nile. The rooms are furnished with columns, wallpaper edged with stucco decorations, stucco ceilings, chandeliers and large carpets. Noble wood paneling made of rosewood, teak and sandalwood was also installed in the salons.
The second floor can be reached via a large staircase from the reception hall. Here, too, there is another salon and another dining room, from which you can reach the balcony above the entrance. The children's room, two bedrooms and two bathrooms are also located on the upper floor.
There are mango trees and a fountain in the garden.

Examples of colonial era architecture

Street names in el-Manṣūra
Newold
el-Thawra St.Ismail St.
el-Sikka el-Gadida St.
el-Gumhuriya St.Fu'ad el-Awwal St.
el-Bahr St.

The el-Gumhuriya St., once Fu'ad el-Awwal St., is the financial and administrative center. Most of the residents have always been Egyptians. In the street are among others the building of the city council, the department store Banzayon, the Bank of Alexandria (formerly Anglo Bank, Italian Bank and Barclays Bank), the Andrea-Café, the former Greek school or the later Greek consulate, a house, but which is already visibly abandoned to decay, and the palace of Muḥammad Bey esch-Schinnāwī, which has already been described.

The el-Thawra St., once Ismail St., was the first street in which buildings based on Western models were erected. The road was already laid out eleven meters wide. Mainly residential buildings were built on the street, but they also contained commercial space. These houses were also mostly inhabited by Egyptians. There was also a hotel, theater, and movie theater on the street, as well as bars and cafes.

In the Farida Hassan St. the girls 'school and the Franciscan girls' school were built. In the Tala'at Harb St. is the former Italian school, which is later used as a French lyceum and today as a girls' elementary school.

Other destinations

Further destinations are:

  • Nile Cornichewhich leads directly along the right bank of the Nile.
  • 14  El-Manṣūra Zoo (‏حديقة حيوانات المنصورة‎, Ḥadīqat Ḥayawānāt al-Manṣūra) Zoo el-Manṣūra in the encyclopedia WikipediaZoo el-Manṣūra (Q12207362) in the Wikidata database(31 ° 3 '11 "N.31 ° 24 ′ 2 ″ E)
  • 15  Shagarat-ed-Durr Park (‏حديقة شجرة الدر‎, Ḥadīqat Shaarat ad-Durr). With statues of famous residents of the city. The park is on the Gazīrat el-Ward (Arabic:جزيرة الورد‎, „Rose Island“), North of the Corniche in the area of ​​the university quarter.(31 ° 2 '48 "N.31 ° 21 ′ 50 ″ E)

activities

Generally

You can take a walk along the Niluferstraße, the Corniche. The highlight could be the rose island, the Gazīrat el-Ward.

Culture

  • 3elbt Alwan Gallery, El Shafay St. (behind Marshal El Gazira Hotel). Mobile: 20 (0)101 856 0510.
  • Tag Mahal Gallery, El Mostashfa El Aam St. Mobile: 20 (0)100 769 7882.

Sports

There are several sports facilities in el-Manṣūra:

  • Mansura Sport Club (‏نادي المنصورة‎, Nādī al-Manṣūra). Mansura Sport Club in the Wikipedia encyclopediaMansura Sport Club (Q1751138) in the Wikidata database.With 2 Al-Mansura stadiumAl-Mansura stadium in the Wikipedia encyclopediaAl-Mansura Stadium (Q5351553) in the Wikidata database and 3 swimming pool.
  • 4  Olympic Village (‏القرية الأوليمبية‎, al-Qarya al-Ulīmbīya). At Mansura University.(31 ° 2 ′ 17 ″ N.31 ° 21 ′ 28 ″ E)
  • 5  Rose Island (‏جزيرة الورد‎, Ǧazīrat al-Ward). Garden with sports club with tennis courts.(31 ° 2 ′ 50 ″ N.31 ° 22 ′ 7 ″ E)

shop

There are several supermarkets like the in town 1 "El-Wekala"(31 ° 3 ′ 3 ″ N.31 ° 23 ′ 39 ″ E), three times in the city, e.g. in el-Muchtalaṭ, 2 "Metro Market"(31 ° 2 ′ 44 ″ N.31 ° 21 ′ 10 ″ E) in the university district next to the Ramada el Mansoura Hotel, "Hypermart" in the residential area Toriel and the 3 "Awadh Allah Markets"(31 ° 1 '38 "N.31 ° 22 ′ 19 ″ E) in Qanat el-Suweis St. The most popular markets are “El-Wekala”, even if they are a bit more expensive.

There are several jewelry and clothing stores on the main street, el-Thaura St. or el-Sikka el-Gadida St. Other shopping streets are el-Gumhuriya St. (el-Bahr St.) and Port Said St.

A visit to the traditional bazaars is also possible.

kitchen

The most important locations for cafes and restaurants are the west end of Qanat el-Suweis St. (Suez Canal St.) and El Gumhuriya St. There are many restaurants in particular north of the university campus.

Fast food restaurants

  • Buffalo burger, Abou Touq Bldg., El Gomhoureya St. (University district, in front of the Law Faculty). Tel.: 19914, Mobile: (0)115 775 3390. Fast food.
  • French fries, El Gomhoureya St. (University district, in front of the Faculty of Natural Sciences). Tel.: 20 (0)50 236 3303, (0)50 222 4355. Fast food.
  • King pizza, Montaser St., El Galaa 'St. Pizzas.
  • Yam Yam Hot, 4 El Mahatta Sq. (neben Marshal El Mahata Hotel). Tel.: 20 (0)50 231 1444. Fastfood.

Restaurants

  • Chicken Tikka, 40 El Gomhoureya St. (Universitätsviertel, vor der Universitätskinderklinik). Tel.: 20 (0)50 223 6626, (0)50 221 0430, 19099. Grillrestaurant.
  • Fish Corner, 117 El Gomhoureya St. Fischrestaurant.

Cafés

  • El Malky, 10 El Nour Tower, El Gomhoureya St. (Universitätsviertel, vor der Juristischen Fakultät). Tel.: 20 (0)50 234 5570, 19017.El Malky on Facebook.Süßspeisen, Eiscafé.
  • Meringues, Hosny Mubarak St., El Mashaya (neben Marshal El Gezirah Hotel). Tel.: 20 (0)50 225 2443. Backwaren.
  • 20  Sweet Home (‏حلواني سويت هوم‎, Ḥalwānī Swīt Hōm), El Gamea St., El Salam City. Tel.: 20 (0)50 235 3245, Mobile: 20 (0)106 444 4909. Backwaren. Weitere Niederlassung im El Torky Tower, Suez Canal St., neben Estacoza Restaurant, Tel.: 20 (0)50 233 0555, Mobil: 20 (0)106 193 5793.(31° 2′ 9″ N31° 23′ 18″ O)

Bars

Bars mit Alkoholausschank gibt es in wenigen Hotels.

accommodation

Cheap

1-Stern-Hotels

2-Sterne-Hotels

medium

Upscale

  • 7  Marshal el Gezirah Hotel, Hosni Moubarak St. Tel.: 20 (0)50 221 3000, (0)50 221 3002, Fax: 20 (0)50 221 3000. 4-Sterne-Hotel mit 62 zumeist Zweibettzimmern und Pool. Zimmer mit Klimaanlage und Balkonen.(31° 2′ 46″ N31° 21′ 52″ O)
  • 8  Mansoura University Hotel (ehemals Ramada el Mansoura Hotel), El Gomhuria St. Tel.: 20 (0)50 237 3820, (0)50 237 3829, Fax: 20 (0)50 237 3827, Email: . 4-Sterne-Hotel mit 86 Zweibettzimmern befindet sich in Nilnähe, die Übernachtung mit Frühstück kostet für eine Einzelperson 60 $. Die Zimmer im sauberen Hotel verfügen über einen Balkon, TV, Telefon, Minibar und Bad. Zur weniger gepflegten Außenanlage gehört ein Pool, der möglicherweise nicht befüllt ist. Das Frühstück ist reichhaltig in der Auswahl und wird zum Teil frisch zubereitet.(31° 2′ 41″ N31° 21′ 6″ O)

Learn

Landwirtschaftliche Fakultät der Mansura-Universität
1  Mansura-Universität (‏جامعة المنصورة‎). Mansura University in the Wikipedia encyclopediaMansura University in the Wikimedia Commons media directoryMansura University (Q4116236) in the Wikidata databaseMansura University on FacebookMansura University on InstagramMansura University on Twitter.Die 1972 gegründete Universität ist die drittgrößte Universität Ägyptens. An der Universität arbeiten etwa 5000 wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiter und Lehrkräfte, die etwa 125.000 Studenten unterrichten. Zur Universität gehören 18 Fakultäten, nämlich die Fakultäten für Naturwissenschaften, Ingenieurwesen, Medizin, Veterinärmedizin, Zahnheilkunde, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Jura, Erziehungswissenschaften, Kindererziehung, Landwirtschaft, Sport, Informatik, Tourismus und Sozialwissenschaften. Die Universität ist berühmt für ihre Medizinausbildung. Der Campus befindet sich im äußersten Westen der Stadt.(31° 2′ 27″ N31° 21′ 27″ O)

health

Neben den Kliniken der Universität Mansura gibt es weitere Krankenhäuser. Im Folgenden wird eine Auswahl gegeben:

Respekt

El-Manṣūra ist keine Touristenstadt, und die Bevölkerung ist eher konservativ. Angemessene Kleidung ist angesagt. Das Trinken von Alkohol in der Öffentlichkeit wird alles andere als gern gesehen.

Practical advice

Tourist information

In el-Manṣūra gibt es keine keine Touristinformation.

Der Antikendienst für pharaonische Denkmäler befindet sich neben der Filiale von Egypt Air. Der Antikendienst für koptische und islamische Denkmäler ist im Palast des Muḥammad Bey esch-Schinnāwī, Tala'at Harb St., untergebracht. Beide Behörden sind auch für das Gouvernement Dumyāṭ zuständig.

Passstelle

Eine Passstelle gibt es in der 6 Polizeistelle 2 in der Fakhr El Din Khaled St. (Tel.: 20 (0)50 231 8333.

Banks

  • 8  National Bank Of Egypt (‏البنك الأهلي المصري‎, al-Bank al-Ahlī al-Miṣrī), 60 El Gomhoureya St. (auf dem Universitätsgelände). Tel.: 20 (0)50 221 3844, (0)50 225 0359, Fax: 20 (0)50 221 3844. Bankautomaten der Bank gibt es auch an weiteren Stellen in der Stadt.(31° 2′ 31″ N31° 21′ 25″ O)

Post office

trips

Im Artikel zum Gouvernement ed-Daqahlīya sind mehrere potentielle Reiseziele im Umfeld der Stadt angegeben.

Die bedeutendsten pharaonischen Stätten befinden sich in Tell er-Rubʿ und in Bahbīt el-Ḥigāra. Die Stätten sind nicht öffentlich zugänglich, so dass man für beide Stätten eine Sondergenehmigung der obersten Antikenbehörde in Kairo benötigt.

Bedeutende Klöster und Kirchen befinden sich in Daqādūs, Deir el-Qiddīsa Damyāna and Mīt Damsīs.

In geringer Entfernung befindet sich zudem die Stadt Samannūd im Nachbargouvernement el-Gharbīya.

literature

  • Ati, Abd el-Ghani M. Abd el- ; Halim, Sami A. Abd el- u.a.: Mansora National Museum. Cairo: Ministerium für Kultur, 1997. Im Museum erhältlich.
  • Elkerdany, Dalila ; Rashed, Ahmad ; Abulela, Mahmoud ; Abdullah, Mahmoud: Cosmopolitan Mansoura : Reality or Myth?. In:El Kadi, Galila ; Attia, Sahar (Ed.): Patrimoines partagés de la méditerranée : concept, gestion et mémoire collective. Alexandria: Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria and Mediterranean Research Center Publication, 2009, ISBN 978-977-452-169-0 , S. 215–230.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 1,01,11,2Baedeker, Karl: Ägypten : Handbuch für Reisende ; Theil 1: Unter-Ägypten und die Sinai-Halbinsel. Leipzig: Baedeker, 1885 (2. Auflage), S. 465 f.
  2. ↑Baedeker, Karl: Ägypten und der Sûdan : Handbuch für Reisende. Leipzig: Baedeker, 1928 (8. Auflage), S. 176 f.
  3. ↑Population according to the 2006 Egyptian census, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, eingesehen am 13. März 2015.
  4. ↑Während in Deutschland in der Regel vom sechsten Kreuzzug gesprochen wird, ist dies in englischen und französischen Veröffentlichen bereits der siebente. Ursache hier hierfür ist, dass in Deutschland der Kreuzzug von Damiette (1218–1221) und der Kreuzzug Kaiser Friedrichs II. (1228–1229) als fünfter Kreuzzug zusammengezählt werden.
  5. ↑Ḏahabī, Muḥammad Ibn-Aḥmad aḏ-: Tārīḫ al-islām wa-wafayāt al-mašāhīr wa-'l-aʿlām ; [47]: Ḥawādiṯ wa-wafayāt : 641-650 h. Bairūt: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1998, S. 51 (?).
  6. ↑Halm, H[einz]: al-Manṣūra. In:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (Ed.): The Encyclopaedia of Islam : Second Edition ; Bd. 6: Mahk - Mid. Leiden: Brill, 1991, ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3 , S. 440.
  7. ↑Mubārak, ʿAlī Bāšā: Al-Ḫiṭaṭ at-taufīqīya al-ǧadīda li-Miṣr al-Qāhira wa-mudunihā wa-bilādiha al-qadīma wa-'š-šahīra; Vol.15. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Dār al-Kutub, 2002 (3. Auflage), S. 260 f.
  8. ↑David Nicolle, Sherif Sharmy: Battle of el-Mansourah, vom 24. September 2003, Website der Air Combat Information Group, eingesehen am 3. November 2013.
  9. ↑Glik, Yifat: מר בטיחות (Mr. Sicherheit), Israeli Air Force Magazine, Ausgabe 148 vom 1. Dezember 2002, eingesehen am 3. November 2013.
  10. ↑Elkerdany, D., Cosmopolitan Mansoura, a.a.O., S. 227.
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