Should not be confused with | Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород) | |
 | |
| Minine and Pozharsky place | |
| Information | |
| Country |  Russia |
|---|---|
| Region | Volga |
| Watercourse | Volga and Oka |
| Area | 466 km² |
| Population | 1 267 760 hab. (2015) |
| Density | 2 720,52 inhab./km² |
| Postal code | 603000–603999 |
| Telephone prefix | 7 831 |
| Spindle | UTC 03:00 |
| Location | |
 56 ° 19 ′ 5 ″ N 44 ° 0 ′ 4 ″ E | |
| Official site | |
Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород in Russian) is a city in the region of Volga. It is the fifth largest city in Russia. From 1932 to 1990, the city was known as Gorky (Горький), after the writer Maxim Gorky. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the old name was restored.
Do not confuse Nizhny Novgorod with Novgorod (or, in its entirety, Veliky Novgorod), which is another city. In particular, one should not abbreviate Nizhny Novgorod by Novgorod but by Nizhny to avoid confusion.
Understand
| J | F | M | TO | M | J | J | TO | S | O | NOT | D |
Temperature diagram in ° C | |||||||||||
-6.6 -13.0 | -5.7 -12.2 | 0.7 -6.3 | 10.5 2.3 | 17.4 7.6 | 22.5 12.5 | 23.4 14.1 | 21.2 11.9 | 14.8 6.8 | 6.9 1.2 | -1.1 -5.8 | -4.6 -10.3 |
| 42 | 33 | 28 | 36 | 52 | 64 | 76 | 67 | 57 | 59 | 56 | 50 |
| Temp. max. annual mean in ° C 8.3 | |||||||||||
| Temp. min. annual mean in ° C 0.7 | |||||||||||
| Annual precipitation in mm 620 | |||||||||||
| Legend: Temp. maxi and mini in ° C • Precipitation in mm | |||||||||||
Source: Average temperature and precipitation in Nizhny Novgorod | |||||||||||
The city of Nizhny Novgorod was founded in 1221 at the confluence of the Volga with its tributary Oka by the Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich of the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal to ensure the defense of the Russian borders. The destruction of the main cities of Russia Kievan which follows the Mongol invasion (1223) spares Nijni Novgorod, because it is still only a small agglomeration. This reprieve allowed the city to become one of the great centers of Russian political life under the Tatar yoke. Around 1350, the Grand Duke Dimitri III transferred to Nizhny Novgorod the capital of the powerful principality of Vladimir-Suzdal with the intention of to make it a rival of Moscow. He built a stone citadel and several churches. After being destroyed in 1408 by the Tatar chief Edigueï, the city was rebuilt and became a fulcrum in the war against the Kazan Tatars. The Kremlin, a huge red brick fortress, was built between 1508 and 1511: it is one of the oldest and most important fortresses preserved in Russia. The Kremlin will resist the Tatar sieges of 1508 and 1531.
In 1612, it was Kouzma Minin, a merchant from Nizhny Novgorod, at the head of the national militia, who drove the Polish troops from Moscow, putting an end to the period of unrest and allowing the Romanov dynasty to settle on the throne of Russia. Over the next century, the city became a prosperous commercial center in which Stroganov, the richest of Russian merchants, settled. A specific architectural and pictorial style (icon), known as the Stroganov style, developed at the end of the xviie and at the start of xviiie century century.The fair of Saint-Macaire which took place at the monastery of Saint-Macaire, until its fire in 1816, is moved the following year to the village of Grivka, on the bank of the Oka opposite of Nizhny. Thanks to this, which soon achieved worldwide fame, the city and the neighboring villages experienced rapid economic development. In the XIXe century, it was said: St. Petersburg is the head of Russia, Moscow its heart and Nizhny Novgorod its purse.
The French writer Alexandre Dumas made a stopover in Nizhny Novgorod in 1858 during his trip to Russia, which he described in his book From Paris to Astrakhan. The city is also visited by the French poet Théophile Gautier.
Construction of the Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod railway line was completed in 1862; it was extended in 1895 to Sormovo. The city hosted the Russian Exhibition of Industry and Commerce in 1896. On the occasion of this event, the city's first tram line was built. It is the second tram built in the entire Russian Empire.
After the Russian revolution of October 1917, Soviet power moved to the city in the fall of 1917. The government of Nizhny Novgorod disappeared and was replaced by the "Nijni Novgorod krai" (Nijégorodski krai), of which Nizhny Novgorod became The capital. In 1932, Nizhny Novgorod was renamed Gorky, after the Soviet writer Maxim Gorky who was born there. The 1930s were a period of intense industrial development: in 1932, the Gorky Automobile Factory (trade name Gaz, for Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod) began production as well as the aircraft manufacturer Sokol. Having become an important center of arms production, the agglomeration was then closed to foreigners and remained so until 1991.
In 1991, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, the city resumed its initial name: Nizhny Novgorod.
To go
By train
Trains are probably the most convenient and cheapest way to get to Nizhny Novgorod. Most of the trains in the Trans-Siberian pass through Nizhny Novgorod (including the legendary No.1 train between Moscow and Vladivostok and the train from Moscow to Beijing).
By train of Moscow :
- The quickest option is to take the Sapsan which will transport you to 3 h 55 (departure to Kursky station in Moscow twice a day, one in the early morning and the other in the evening).
- A little slower, the train Lastochka made this trip in 4 h 05, once a day, departure from Moscow Kursky at about 14 h and from Nizhny about 19 h.
- The Burevestnik train, once a day, departs in the morning from Nizhny and in the afternoon from Moscow Kursky, 4 h 19 path.
- Comfortable night trains depart from the Moscow Kazan station and from the station Yaroslavl, departure around midnight and arrival around 7 h.
- It is of course possible to use other trains going east from various stations in Moscow.
By train of Saint PETERSBOURG :
- The night train "Volga" leaves St. Petersburg every evening and arrives in Nizhny Novgorod the next morning.
There are also direct rail links with Kazan, Samara, Kirov, Yaroslavl and other towns in the region (mainly night trains) as well as with Vladivostok, Beijing, Ulaanbaatar, Irkutsk, Astrakhan, Simferopol, Novosibirsk and many others.
You can check train times and buy tickets on the Russian Railways website [1]. Type "N.Novgorod" in the station name field.
Commuter trains from Nizhny Novgorod go to most other towns within a perimeter of about 200 km and sometimes more. They go in particular to Arzamas, Balakhna, Dzerzhinsk, Gorokhovets and Murom. Some trains are express commuter trains which are quite fast and stop only a few stops, others are slower and stop every 5-10km.
- Nizhny Novgorod station – is located in the lower town, not far from the river, and is an important hub for public transport in the city. The main station buildings are located on the south side of the rails. There is also a ticket office selling commuter train tickets on the north side. A metro station is located under the square in front of the station buildings, there are also buses and trams on both sides.
In the station itself, the main hall is decorated with two Soviet-style mosaics that symbolize the life of people in Soviet times in Nizhny and Moscow. Also take a look at the huge chandelier in this same room.
By plane
- 1 Nizhny Novgorod International Airport (IATA : GOJ, ICAO: UWGG, Международный аэропорт Стригино) (14 km southwest of Nizhny Novgorod) – is located in the Strigino district about 30-40 min by taxi from the city center (if there is no traffic jam). The airport is very small, but there are plans to expand it. There are several daily flights to Moscow and also links with Baku (Azerbaijan), Frankfurt ( Germany ), Kaliningrad, Novosibirsk, Prague (Czech Republic), Surghut, Saint PETERSBOURG, Yekaterinburg, Yerevan (Armenia) and other cities along the Volga such as Kazan Where Samara. Most flights are operated by various Russian airlines, but flights to Frankfurt are operated by Lufthansa and to Prague by Czech Airlines.
You can go to the airport with buses 11, 20, T-29, T-46 (20 RUB in July 2012) or by taxi (price from the city center around 700-800 RUB if pre-booked).
By car
Nizhny Novgorod is located on the M7 / E30 road. The road is quite correct and the journey usually takes 6 h to get to Nizhny from Moscow while respecting the speed limits (although many Russians do it in four hours with a lot of acceleration). However, traffic jams in the Moscow suburbs can lengthen the journey.
By bus
There are regular daily public bus connections to Moscow (from Kanavinskaya bus station in Nizhny or from Schelkovskaya metro station in Moscow) but the buses are very slow (it can take up to 10 h with several stops in all towns along the route) and rather uncomfortable. There are also daily faster private buses between Kursky Station in Moscow and Moskovsky Station in Nizhny Novgorod.
Public and private buses also make trips to towns near Nizhny Novgorod.
There are several bus stations in Nizhny, but for buses leaving Nizhny Novgorod oblast, only two bus stations are used: the Kanavinskaya station for buses going north and west and the main bus station. Avtovokzal near Lyadova Square for buses going to the South and East.
On a boat
During the summer months (early May to late September), river cruises on the Volga take place. These cruises can be booked from virtually any city along the Volga. ([2][3])
Circulate
Public transport
The 2GIS site offers up-to-date information on all transport lines, with the itinerary option: [4] (in Russian, but just click on the map and, on the pop-up, fill in "Маршрут отсюда" for the place of departure and "Маршрут сюда" for the destination).
Metro
The metro is probably the best way to avoid traffic jams (and the cheapest, because it costs less than the bus), but only if you are lucky to have your destination served! Indeed, with only two lines, the metro only covers a small part of the city. The city's first metro line was built in Soviet times to serve the Nizhny Novgorod Automobile Plant located in the Avtozavod district.
Nevertheless, the Nizhny Novgorod metro is today the third largest in Russia. Both lines are connected to Moskovskaya station, above which is the train station. Several new stations will be built.
Service hours: 5 h 15 - midnight. Price: 16RUB. Metro tickets are coins to be inserted into the turnstiles.
Moskovskaya station is the only ex-USSR metro station with four lanes and two platforms in an underground hall and has a pedestrian bridge connecting the platforms. The newly built Gorkovskaya station is decorated with mosaics depicting most of the sights of Nizhny Novgorod.
Tram
The Nizhny Novgorod tram system opened in 1896 and now has around 20 lines. Unfortunately, the tram lines are gradually being phased out.
Beware of unpredictable journey times, locals often park their cars on the tram line and sometimes there are road accidents that block trams.
Trolley-bus
Vast network of 25 lines.
Bus
About 80 public bus lines. The prices are constantly increasing, they were 20 RUB in August 2012.
Also around 80 private bus lines called marshrutnoe taksi Where marshrutka. These buses are generally smaller than their public counterparts and are often differentiated by the letter "T" before the line number. Private buses follow different routes than public buses even though they share the same number. As of August 2012, prices are the same as for state-run buses.
Also note that the marshrutkas do not stop at every stop: to indicate your intention to get off the bus, you have to press a button above the door and to get on the bus, you have to make a sign to the driver to get off the bus. stopped.
Buses are crowded at rush hour.
Payment
Tickets for surface public transport (trams, trolleybuses, buses and marshrutkas) must be paid at the time of boarding. On board most vehicles, a member of staff, called konductor, addresses people boarding to sell them a ticket. If this is not the case, the ticket must be paid to the driver. Plan for small denominations, because banknotes of 1000 and 5 000 RUB are sometimes refused.
If the vehicle is overcrowded, it is customary to ask other passengers to pass your money to the driver or konductor (however, if a vehicle has a konductor, he / she will usually find a way to approach you). This process is safe and money losses are very rare (and in most cases unintentional), but it is best to spend the exact amount so that no change is necessary, or at least to avoid spending. big bills.
To see
Streets and squares
- 1 The Kremlin (Кремль) – The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is worth the walk. There is a church, a small art museum and an impressive view of the Volga. It is also possible to walk around the wall of the Kremlin in summer (approximately May to October), the entrance stairs are inside the Kremlin, near the main entrance via the Dmitrievskaya tower.
- 2 Minine and Pojarski Square (площадь Минина и Пожарского) – The main square of Nizhny, located on the south-eastern side of the Kremlin. A wide staircase (the Chkalov steps) connects the Tchkalov monument to the banks of the Volga. A walk along a path takes you from the square along the western part of the Kremlin wall.
- 3 Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street (ул. Большая Покровская) – This pedestrian street is the main street of the city. There are street and souvenir vendors, shops, restaurants and several museums including the Museum of Traditional Russian Art.
- 4 Rozhdestvenskaya Street (ул. Рождественская) – Parallel to the Oka river, this street contains many buildings of the XIXe century in fairly good condition. The street was renovated in 2012 and is now semi-pedestrianized and serves as a location for various festivals and events.
- 5 Ilyinskaya Street (ул. Ильинская) – This street is lined with 19th century merchant buildings (and some even older ones), some in good condition, others in need of renovation. The street is expected to be renovated in 2014. The whole area around Ilyinskaya Street is also interesting, especially the small streets between Ilyinskaya and Fedorovsky. There are many old buildings there, including some made of wood, and the generally calm atmosphere of the streets is quite different from what you can see in other parts of central Nizhny.
- 6 Varvarskaya (ул. Варварская) – This street is surrounded by houses from the end of the XIXe century, unfortunately mixed with buildings from the beginning of the XXIe century.
Banks
The Upper Town is hilly and the slopes reach the water's edge. In addition to the street along the quays, it is therefore possible to walk the streets along the top of the slopes of the hill, about 100-150 meters higher, which thus offer a view of the rivers and the opposite banks.
- 7 Verkhnevolzhskaya Street (Верхневолжская набережная) – This street passes overlooks the city from Volga Minin Square to Sennaya Square. It offers a view of the Volga and some well-preserved old buildings that are worth seeing.
- 8 Fedorovsky and Zalomov Street (Набережная Федоровского, улица Заломова) – Overlooking the Oka, these streets start not far from the Kremlin and continue south. There are several ways to get there from Bolshaya Pokrovskaya, all of which involve going through small side streets. The old buildings that can be found in these small streets are worth seeing on their own. You can also try the climb by one of the many stairs on Rozhdestvenskaya Street. Fedorovsky and Zalomov streets offer a view of the lower part of the city and the northwest of the Volga embankments. Some festivals and events sometimes take place here. There are also two pedestrian bridges as well as a third connecting Zalomov Street with a small area of old wooden houses.
- 9 Swiss park (Парк Швейцария, Shveitzariya Park) along avenue Gagarin – This park is located on the top of the Oka slope and has many hiking trails offering beautiful views of the city. The nature found in this park is supposed to remind Switzerland, hence its name. It also contains a zoo, a Ferris wheel and many cafes.
Buildings
- 10 The State Bank building (Здание Государственного Банка) 26 Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street (at the corner of Gruzinskaya Street (Грузинская)) – The building itself is notable for its architectural style. It was built at the beginning of the XXe century for the State Bank and is still occupied by the Nizhny Novgorod branch of the central bank of Russia. The interiors of the building are also beautiful, but it is really difficult to enter. Generally, visitors are allowed only as part of groups and with tours arranged in advance. Only one day a year, in May, the building is open to anyone wishing to visit it.
- 11 The main building of the Nizhny Novgorod fair (Главное здание Нижегородской ярмарки) 13 Sovnarkomovskaya Street (Совнаркомовская ул.) – This 19th century buildinge century, which was once the main building of the Nizhny Novgorod fair, was one of the main buildings of Russian trade during the second half of the XIXe century. Now it is an exhibition and conference center.
- 12 Stroganov Church (Церковь Собора Пресвятой Богородицы (Строгановская)) 34a Rozhdestvenskaya Street – One of the most famous churches in Nizhny Novgorod. It was built, a distinctive architectural style, at the end of the XVIIe century by the merchant Stroganov.
- Several brick houses XVIIe century:
- 13 House of Peter the Great (Домик Петра (Дом Чатыгина)) 27, rue Pochainskaya (ул. Почаинская) – It is said that Russian Emperor Peter the Great stayed in this house twice during his visits to Nizhny.
- 14 Pushkinov house (Палаты Пушкинова) 52 Gogol Street (ул. Гоголя) (towards the end of the street, surrounded by Soviet-era and modern buildings)
- 15 Olisov's house (Палаты Олисова) 7 Krutoy by (Крутой пер) – Probably the most beautiful of these old houses. It is separated by a small park from the slope of the hill which descends towards the Oka and the Volga, so that it is not too "dominated" by the neighboring modern houses. It is next to a church dating from the 17th century.
Museums
- 16 Museum-house of the writer Maxim Gorky 19 Semashko Street (ул. Семашко),
7 831 4361529 – A large house with several bedrooms keeping the atmosphere of the 1900s.
- 17 Andrey Sakharov Museum-Apartment 214, av. Gagarin (пр. Гагарина), 7 831 4668623 – The memorial apartment of Andrey Sakharov, the father of the H-bomb, dissident, human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
- 18 Russian Museum of Photography 9a, rue Piskunov (ул. Пискунова), 7 831 4342523
Do
To buy
Eat
- Tinkoff Belinskii Street, Etazhi Shopping Center (Operny teatr or Poltavskaya street bus stops) – Offers a wide variety of food, including Japanese food. Medium to high prices
- Planeta Sushi Belinskava Street – This restaurant chain offers good and inexpensive Japanese food.
- Biblioteka (Иблиотека) 46, Bolshaya Pokrovskaya (3rd floor, same entrance as the Dirigible Дирижабль bookstore), 7 831 433-69-34, e-mail : [email protected]
11 h - 22 h. – Pleasant but often full Italian restaurant. The week until 15 h, 20% discount is applied on the whole menu. The Dirigible bookstore also has specialized sections including one with souvenirs and books about Nizhny. This restaurant and bookstore has a branch at 2 Kanavinskaya Street, near the train station. To count 400 RUB.
- Stolle (Штолле) 1 Alekseevskaya Street (at the corner of Alekseevskaya Street and Minin Square), 7 831 439-1460 9 h - 21 h. – Offers different typical Russian sweet and savory cakes. From 150 RUB cake and tea.
