Myanmar - Myanmar

Myanmar (Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်, Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw, "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" - the former name Burma / Birma is still partly used in the media) is a country in South East Asia. In the southwest it borders the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Bordering countries are Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand.

Regions

According to the 2008 constitution, Myanmar is divided into seven states and seven regions, as well as the independent capital district Naypyidaw Union Territory divided. The states are regions that are home to regional minorities or ethnic groups, some of which still want their own state. The regions, in turn, are administrative units that are mostly home to the Burmese. 6 Self-Administered Zones and Self-Administered Divisions of local minorities (Naga Self-Administered Zone, Danu Self-Administered Zone, Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, Pa Laung Self- Administered Zone, Kokang Self-Administered Zone and Wa Self-Administered Division).

Die Provinzen Myanmars
Ayeyarwady Delta
The country's rice bowl stretches along the branching delta of Myanmar's lifeline. The main town is the former capital and largest city of the country - Yangon.
West Myanmar
In the west of the country there are only a few places tourists. The region is known for some absolute dream beaches like that Ngapali Beach. The old royal capital of the Rakhine Empire is also very attractive Mrauk U. The border region with India and the Chin State are de facto not visited by travelers. - Yangon.
Central Myanmar
The region's most famous and fascinating destination is certainly Bagan - a plain on the Ayeyarwady River with hundreds of temples and pagodas. The holy Mount Popa rises a few hours away by car. - Yangon.
North Myanmar
The north of the country is also rarely visited by travelers. Many regions are still closed to tourism. Main destinations are the bigger cities like Mandalay, Bhamo, Myitkyina and Putao.
East Myanmar
The east of the country is almost completely taken by Shan State, which is still fighting for autonomy. Due to a lack of security, it cannot be traveled without restrictions either. It offers many interesting destinations, such as the one-off Inle Lakewho have favourited the caves of Pindaya and their mountainous surroundings all the way to Kalaw. A train ride up to is also gladly undertaken Lashio, which also leads over the Gotheik viaduct.
South Myanmar
The south of the country can finally be traveled almost continuously. One of the popular destinations is the pilgrimage site of Kyaikto with the Golden rocks to which a pilgrimage leads. Virtually pristine beaches on the Dawei Peninsula. In the very south of the country you will find one of the last paradises on earth, the barely developed Mergui Archipelago.

Cities

For a more complete list, see Places in Myanmar.

Other goals

An overview of the country's sights can be found here ...

background

SymbolInformation.svg A bit of statistics

Urban population: 24,8%
Growth of population: 2,2%
Life expectancy (male / female): 60/63 years
Illiteracy rate: 16%

Number of tourists: 1.300.000 (2013)

Myanmar was ruled by a military regime for years until it resigned in 2010 and handed the country over to a democratic government led by former activist Aung San Suu Kyi.

There are many ethnic groups in Myanmar who speak 100 languages ​​and dialects alone. In addition to the Burmese, who make up two thirds of the total population, there are the Karen, Shan, Chin, Arakanese, Wa, Palaung, Mon, Kachin, Akha, Lahu, Naga, Intha. Some of these still consist of subgroups. 88% of the residents of Myanmar are Theravada Buddhists. Because of the large number of ethnic groups, unrest flares up again and again in some regions. Many peoples want complete or partial independence. An example are the Karen in the border area too Thailandwho fight for their own state with a children's army. But information on the current situation is seldom available. In the meantime, there is officially a ceasefire between the government and all rebel groups.

In 1989 the name of the country as well as the place and river names were renamed as part of a prestigious government project. To avoid confusion, only the new names are used here, as they are also common in the country. Some important examples:

  • Union of Burma -> Union of Myanmar
  • Rangoon -> Yangon
  • Akyab -> Sittwe
  • Arakan -> Rakhine

Large parts of the country are still closed to tourism. These include, for example Chin State and large parts of the Shan State. A few other locations are accessible, but there are various restrictions. Sometimes a special travel permit is necessary, sometimes you need a guide, and sometimes the travel routes are predetermined. Some places can only be reached by plane or on a prescribed road. There are multiple reasons for that. On the one hand, it serves to protect travelers (on the domestic route to Narrowing there are always raids), on the other hand, some regions should simply remain hidden from the view of the foreigner. The main tourist attractions of the country can be visited without hesitation or problems. If you want to travel to other regions, you should contact travel agencies on site (e.g. the state travel company MTT) and inform the relevant authorities.

getting there

There are international airports in Yangon and Mandalay. Land border crossings permitted for foreigners are Mae Sai - Tachileik on the northern border of Thailand and in the extreme south of Myanmar between Ranong and Kawthaung. Additional permits are required for the land border crossings, which can be organized by Burmese travel agencies and knowledgeable western tour operators. It is also possible to enter from China (Yunnan) by land at Mu-Se, leaving the same route is impossible.

Entry requirements

Sunset at the U-Bein Bridge

A passport that is still valid for six months and a visa are required for entry.

The regulations for issuing visas are currently changing. As of July 1, 2019, the Embassy of Myanmar in Berlin announced that a one-year test phase will start on October 1, 2019, in which tourists from Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Russia and Australia can apply for a Visa On Arrival if entering via Yangon, Mandalay or Nay Pyi Taw airports. It costs 50 USD and is valid for 30 days for a single entry.[1]

Until then, you can apply for a visa since September 2014 [1] can be requested directly from the responsible ministry. The application is completely online, costs 50 USD and an "Entry Visa Approval Letter to Myanmar" is sent by email within 5 working days. This must be presented upon entry and is valid for 3 months. Tourists are then given a maximum stay of 28 days. A fine of USD 3 is payable for each day that you stay longer in the country.

Alternatively, you can apply for the visa at an embassy. For this you have to submit the visa application and a Arrival report form to complete. You can have both faxed to you from the Myanmar embassy in Berlin or to theirs Website download. The passport will be sent to the embassy together with the forms, the fee and a self-addressed envelope stamped for registered mail. Due to the strong demand for the country to open up, visa processing can take up to 7 weeks. The Arrival report form must be carried with you when entering Myanmar.

Embassy of the Union of Myanmar: Thielallee 19, 14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Tel .: 030-2061570, Fax: 030-20649757, http://www.botschaft-myanmar.de, e-mail - The embassy office hours are Mon-Fri from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. - The embassy in Berlin is also responsible for Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands.

For Switzerland: Myanmar Union auprès de l'ONU; consulat géneral, av. Blanc 47, 1202 Geneva, Tel .: 022-9069870, Fax: 022-7328919. On the homepage http://www.myanmargeneva.org Visa applications can be downloaded.

If you cannot visit the Myanmar embassy, ​​you have the option of obtaining a pre-organized visa upon arrival in Myanmar. A visit to the embassy is then not necessary. Get a permit online and fly. You will receive the visa when you land at the Myanmar airport. Examples of online approval can be found here [2]

Airway

Entry into Myanmar by plane is via the international airport in Yangon possible. The most popular transfer airports are Bangkok and Singapore. Mandalay is also from the Chinese city Kunming from.

You can currently reach Myanmar with the following airlines (you can find the addresses of the airlines' offices in the city articles):

Land route

Entering and leaving the country by land is not easily possible, a special permit is required. Basically this is at Tachilek in the east and Kawthoung allowed in the south. From both cities, however, onward travel is only possible by plane Kawthoung from the north also by public ferry to Dawei.

Complemental description: With the release of the road to Myeik, speed boat traffic between Kawthaung-Myeik and Myeik-Dawei was discontinued in 2016. In addition to the plane, you can now use bus connections. However, the travel time of the buses is significantly longer compared to the time taken by the speed boat.

Sea route

There is currently no international sea route to Myanmar.

mobility

Kyaikto Pagoda - 'Golden Rock'

By plane

There is a network of flight routes with which the larger towns of Myanmar are connected by propeller planes (ATR 72 or Fokker 100). It is usually not clear until shortly before departure whether the aircraft will make intermediate stops in order to be able to take more passengers. Also, the departure times are not very reliable. Due to lack of maintenance, the local airline should not be used Myanma Airways to be used. But this is not with the international flying society Myanmar Airways International to be confused. The three airlines Air Bagan, Air Mandalay and Asian wings serve all routes to places of tourist interest and partly to Asian metropolises. A plane ticket costs between $ 40 and $ 70 per flight.

By train

The country has a rail network that connects the larger cities with each other. The train journey from is quite popular with tourists Yangon to Mandalay. The ticket costs 4600 Kyat (2nd class), 9300 Kyat (1st class) or 13000 Kyat (sleeping car). Traveling by train in Myanmar is a leisurely affair. The train runs quite slowly, delays of several hours are quite normal. As a tourist you pay the same price as the local population, payments in US dollars are no longer possible. Tourists cannot buy tickets on the train or at smaller stations. Only larger train stations (= tourist destinations) sell the special English tickets for tourists, for whose purchase a passport must be presented. You should get drinking water for the journey beforehand and you can buy lunch at some train stations. Then nothing stands in the way of an interesting and contemplative journey. Who makes a detour to Inle Lake wants to do, gets in Thazi around.

By bus

There are state and private buses. The state ones are cheap. You buy that with a rather uncomfortable journey. These buses are always overcrowded. In the meantime, there are also a few private bus companies operating the major main routes. Here you have your own seat and air conditioning. You should get the ticket a day in advance. Due to the poor road conditions, however, driving will never be really comfortable and you usually won't be able to take a nap. The long journeys are interrupted every few hours to eat or go to the toilet. Buses and trains in Myanmar usually start early in the morning around 6:00 or 7:00 a.m.

In the street

  • Pickups: Collective taxis (pickups) also operate on all connections between the locations. Here, too, it is very tight and uncomfortable. If it rains you can also get wet. It is not recommended to use it for long distances.
  • Cars: Foreigners are not allowed to drive a car or to drive a motorcycle in Myanmar. There are no car rental companies either. But you can definitely rent a car with a driver. So it is also possible to get a car with a driver for the whole vacation.

Road traffic offers a special feature. Official right-hand traffic in Myanmar, but most vehicles drive on the right-hand side. This is because these vehicles were imported from Asian countries where left-hand traffic is valid.

Temple area of Bagan

By boat

Some stretches in the country can also be traveled by boat. This includes all connections on the Ayeyarwaddy. However, it is a very leisurely journey. But you get to see a lot of the country in a comfortable way. The following tours are recommended:

By bicycle

If you want to explore Burma, which is not very well developed for tourists, you have the best chance to do so by bike. However, it must be remembered that you always have to stay in guesthouses or hotels. If you really want to use the bike to cover hundreds of kilometers, you should definitely consider that the roads in Burma are actually only made up of potholes. Some kind of suspension is really necessary. In places where there are no more tourists, you have to expect that you will be asked for your passport very often. There is an "Immigration Police" everywhere. The police sometimes speak very little English and if anything is unclear, it can quickly become an uncomfortable interrogation. If anything is unclear, there is a concealed or open accompaniment. More information can be found in the article about Cycling routes in Myanmar.

E-bikes are now also offered in tourist areas such as Mandalay and Bagan. Electric scooters are also offered.

On foot

There are no pedestrian traffic lights and only a few zebra crossings in Myanmar. As a result, it can be difficult to cross roads in cities. The sidewalks are also dangerous and sometimes have large holes. Outside of Yangon, the street lights often fail, so you should definitely take a flashlight with you in the dark.

language

The main and official language is Burmese. There are also about 100 other languages ​​and dialects. Burmese belongs to the Tibeto-Burmese language group. The font is mainly composed of segments of a circle. The origin of this script is - as well as the Thai and Laotian - South India. As with other languages ​​in Southeast Asia, the meaning of the words in Burmese depends on the accent. Therefore, you should have a local speak the words to you while studying. The difficulty with pronunciation should not prevent the interested traveler from learning a few words. A 'Mingalabah!' for 'Hello' or 'Shisubeh!' for 'thank you' will quickly put a smile on the face of the locals. The syllable is found very often Shwe- in the terms. This is the Burmese word for gold.

All Myanmarians who come into contact with tourists can speak English. It is therefore not a problem to communicate. In areas with little tourist traffic, such as in Sittwe and Mrauk U Sometimes there is only a small basic vocabulary, so it can sometimes be difficult to communicate in a hotel. But that shouldn't prevent anyone from visiting these areas. More information is available in our Burmese phrasebook

to buy

SymbolATMDollar.svg Exchange rate

The status of the course is December 2017 (100 dollar notes):

  • 1 US dollar (Yangon) -> Kyats: 1,350
  • 1 euro -> Kyats: 1,580

The currency in Myanmar is the kyat. There are only notes in circulation, usually 1,000 kyat notes are received, less often 5,000 kyat or even 10,000 kyat notes. This can mean that you have to stow a large pile of money in your luggage. There are ATMs everywhere. These are numerous across the country. You can even find a machine or two in temples. If you travel to remote areas, it is advisable to withdraw enough kyat in the city beforehand. The fee for using the machines will debit the account at $ 5 per transaction. Most tourists no longer need dollars. Many hotels quote prices in both dollars and kyat and provide an in-house exchange rate, which is usually the current rate. If this is not the case, you can save 1-2 dollars per night by paying in the correct currency. Only the boat between Mandalay and Bagan can exclusively to be paid in dollars. However, you can also exchange kyat for dollars or take the bus.

The dollar is still the common currency for tourists to pay in expensive hotels. However, payment can often also be made by credit card. More and more stores are offering credit card payments. You can even buy a lotus cloth with a Mastercard in the middle of Inle Lake. The rate at banks is the same throughout Myanmar, so that you can exchange directly at the airport without loss (always take your passport with you). In the meantime, the price on the black market is no longer significantly better than the official price. In Yangon is swapping in Scott Market (Bogyoke Aung San Market) and at the Sule pagoda possible. Most of the time you are already spoken to there. However, there have been reports of tourists being cheated on trading on the 'black market'.

If you swap in a hotel, you lose about 10% compared to the official rate. Credit cards are only accepted in a few international hotels in Myanmar, travelers checks are not accepted at all! You should equip yourself with enough dollars in cash for the vacation. Therefore, one should thoroughly inform oneself about the financial planning in the appropriate internet forums before the trip. Euros can now be used for exchange in Yangon, Mandalay and Bagan, but unlike the dollar, you cannot pay with Euros.

The dollar bills must be in like new condition. Postmarked, written on, folded or even only slightly torn notes can be Not accepted. The best way to transport the banknotes is to use two cardboard strips the same size as the banknotes in which the banknotes are inserted. New dollars can be ordered from any bank in Europe. 100 dollar notes are more popular on the black market and offer a better exchange rate, but this is irrelevant for banks. US dollars released before 1996 and serial numbers with CB and AB will not be accepted.

kitchen

Temple area of Bagan

There are a number of curries in Myanmar, which differ in the individual regions. For example, the curries in the Rakhine State significantly hotter than in the rest of the country. In Rakhine, chopsticks are also used, while in other areas people eat by hand or with a spoon and fork. The soup is an all-rounder Mohinga. Without a fixed recipe, it can be eaten at any time of the day. Some hotels and guest houses also offer them as an alternative to the rather boring continental breakfast, which is usually included in the overnight stay. This always consists of toast, butter, jam and two eggs.

Arts and Culture

nightlife

As a result of the isolation of the country and the few tourists in the country, there is not much going on in Myanmar other than the cultural and recreational opportunities. The Myanmar people themselves tend to go to bed early. In the upper-class hotels there are clubs that are open late and offer live music and opportunities to dance.

accommodation

Every major location in the tourist-open areas has accommodations that cater to the western tourist. Due to the strong increase in the number of tourists since 2012, accommodations are no longer so easy to find, so it is advisable to book the hotels in the high season (November to mid-January) before departure. The prices for the accommodation have also risen sharply since then, roughly comparable to Thailand. In the luxury segment, Myanmar is more expensive than Thailand.

Simple accommodations usually have a fan, but rooms with air conditioning have to pay a significant surcharge. In Myanmar the power supply is irregular, at night the power goes out completely and then of course the air conditioning does not work either. Better hotels usually have their own emergency power supply. Those who value it should ask for it before checking in. However, you cannot specify a price level from which this service is available; as a rough guide you can say US $ 20-25. In principle, one can assume that the price level is somewhat higher in the remote areas.

Learn and study

At the university in Yangon you can take the subject "Burmese" (for foreigners).

Work

Working on site is hardly possible. Only foreign companies that are active locally offer the opportunity to work in the country. However, many companies have withdrawn because of the political peculiarities and the problems that the government can put in your way. Another way of doing business in the country is through non-profit organizations.

public holidays

Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon in the evening
meetingSurnameimportance
January FebruaryFull moon festivalThe festival takes place in three locations: in Ananada Temple in Bagan, the Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon and the Shwenattaung Pagoda in Pyay
January FebruaryhtamaneRice harvest festival
February MarchFull moon of TabaungPagoda festivals across the country
April MayFull moon from Kason
April MayThingyanThe water festival is celebrated at the beginning of the new year
June JulyWaso full moonBeginning of Buddhist Lent
JulyNatfestNatfest on Mt. Popa
July AugustFull moon from WagaungBeginning of Buddhist Lent
September OctoberFull moon of ThadingyutEnd of Buddhist Lent
September OctoberPhaung Daw U Pagoda Festivalbig feast on the Inle Lake
September OctoberDewaliFestival of Lights
October NovemberTazaungmon full moonFull moon festival at Shwezigon Pagoda in Bagan
NovemberBalloon festivalHot air balloon festival in Taunggyi
November DecemberFull moon of NadawtNat festivals
December JanuaryFull moon from Pyatho
January 4thIndependence DayNational holiday
February 12thUnion DayHoliday commemorating the founding of the country in 1947
2nd MarchDay of the FarmerParades in the capital
27th of MarchDay of the ResistanceParades in the capital
1st of MayLabor Day
July 19thBogyoke Aung San Remembrance Day
December 4thNational Day 

security

The Federal Foreign Office has issued travel warnings for parts of Myanmar (Kachin State or northern Shan State), there are armed conflicts between rebel armies and the Myanmar military. There are also armed rebel groups in parts of Chin State and the Sagaing Region, parts of the Shan, Mon, Kayin, Karen and Kayah States.

If you avoid these areas, the stay for tourists is quite safe.

In the areas that are freely accessible to tourists, you can usually move around freely without any safety concerns. Women traveling alone need not have much concern either. As always on vacation, you should always keep an eye on your belongings. The global terrorist threat and possibly flare-up internal unrest represent a major security risk. On April 26, 2005 and May 7, 2012, for example, there were bombings in Mandalay and in Yangon. Possible effects on tourism can hardly be estimated due to the country's sparse information policy. You should therefore find out about the current situation before traveling.

Earthquakes occur repeatedly in parts of Myanmar. This was the case for the last time on November 11, 2012. Most of the time, the epicentres are not close to the tourist areas, so there has not yet been any major damage there. Cyclones can occur on the coast of the Andaman Sea from May to October.

health

When it comes to health, there are of course a few things to consider. Hepatitis vaccination is necessary. Vaccination against typhoid is also recommended. In some forums you can also find tips and recommendations for vaccinating against rabies and Japanese encephalitis. In any case, you should consult a doctor before leaving to discuss the necessary precautions. Further information can be found at Tropical diseases.

  • malaria. Prophylaxis is generally not recommended. The usual preventive measures against mosquito bites are important here (long, light-colored clothing; mosquito spray, mosquito net). As an emergency aid, every tourist should have an up-to-date anti-malarial drug with an active ingredient composition recommended for Myanmar. Some parts of the country that the tourist passes are free of malaria due to geographic and climatic conditions. In contrast, the coastal region is very susceptible to malaria (e.g. Ngapali Beach).
  • Dengue. The best way to protect yourself is with mosquito repellants and long clothing, there is no vaccination or prophylaxis.

Medical care in Myanmar cannot be compared with Europe in terms of technology, equipment and hygiene. Most doctors speak English, and short treatments cost around $ 10 to $ 20.

If you have complicated complaints, you might want to consider a short trip to Bangkok. There you can find a lot of doctors with knowledge of foreign languages.

Related websites:

Climate and travel time

Myanmar has a tropical monsoon climate with three different seasons. This results in an ideal travel time from mid-October to mid-February. Then there is a pleasant 32 ° C during the day. However, in some areas (Bagan, Inlesee) it can get chilly in the evening. So light summer clothing is completely sufficient.

MyanmarJanFebMarchAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec  
Mean highest air temperature in ° C333435373433313131323233O33
Mean lowest air temperature in ° C192022252525242525252320O23.2

behaviour rules

Even if Myanmar is one of the poorest countries in the world, great importance is attached to a well-groomed appearance. That is why almost all men wear a well-groomed shirt, in addition to the wraparound skirt (longyi) that is unfamiliar to Europeans. Therefore the tourist should also pay attention to a few things. The knees and shoulders should always be covered. Swimwear only belongs on the beach and the hotel pool. There are also some rules of conduct that must be observed. Unlike some other countries in Southeast Asia, the government has isolated the population from the outside world for decades. Nobody in this country is used to mass tourism. You should therefore treat people modestly and with restraint. Raising your voice or even outbursts of anger makes you lose face in the eyes of a Myanmar. A large portion of serenity to compensate for inadequacies is an essential part of the luggage of a Myanmar tourist. In contrast to Europe, hugs and caresses are impossible for couples in public. Shaking hands as a greeting is not popular. The head is considered a particularly sacred part of the body. You never touch a child's head for no particular reason. In principle, shoes must be removed in front of pagodas and temples. In the case of appointments or invitations, e.g. to a family festival such as the son entering a monastery, one can assume that these are meant seriously!

The reforms since 2011 have made the country more open. You can now take photos of Aung San Suu Kyi's house or posters without hesitation, which was not possible before.

Further website:

Embassies

Embassies

  • Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, Street address: 9 Bogyoke Aung San Museum Road, Bahan Township, Yangon - Postal address: GPO Box 12, Yangon 11181. Tel.: 95-1-5489-51, 95-1-5489-52, 95-1-5489-53, Fax: 95-1-548899, Email: .
  • Austria, 63, 157th Street, Tarmwe Township.

Consulates

  • Consulate of Switzerland, 63 Golden Valley, Bahan Township, Yangon. Tel.: 95 1 524 982, Fax: 95 1 537 663, Email: .

Post and Telecommunications

  • Internet: In almost all hotels there is internet access, in some cases also WiFi. But these are not very fast. A better connection can be found in the internet cafes, which can be found at least in the places that are visited by tourists. The cost here is 500-1000 MYK per hour. It can happen that international websites cannot be reached in internet cafes. Then the proxy on the computer has to be changed, which is easily done by the employees in the internet cafes. Smartphones or tablets can be used as end devices in the WLAN hospots in hotels.
  • Cellular networks There are currently three cellular operators available Ooredoo, Telenor and the state-owned MPT. SIM cards can be bought in many places, but it is advisable to ask benevolently at the hotel reception. Topup credits are available from 1000Ks to 20,000Ks, in small shops mostly only up to 5000Ks. With Mpt 10,000Ks are about 5 days of surfing and phone calls. Network expansion: In Yangon and on the highways, good network coverage in rural areas is often no network. The expansion is being strongly promoted by all providers.
  • Burn CDs: At least in the touristically relevant places there is the possibility to have your photos burned on CD. To be on the safe side, however, you should have some blanks and the USB cable from your camera with you.
  • Phone: The telephone network can also only be used to a limited extent. It is not always possible to make calls from anywhere in Myanmar. This is due to the local networks, which are in some cases differently developed. It is usually possible to have a conversation home from the hotel reception or from the hotel room. The cost is approximately US $ 6 to 8 per minute. There are no public phone booths. Ein Mobilfunknetz existiert in Myanmar, Roaming ist allerdings nicht verfügbar. Man kann allerdings Prepaid-Karten kaufen. Diese kosten 20 Dollar. Dies reicht für 15 Minuten Gespräch nach Europa.
  • Post: Die Post ist in Myanmar noch sehr unzuverlässig. Eine Ankunft der Urlaubspost kann nicht garantiert werden. Eine Postkarte kostet 30 Kyat. Es ist am besten, man gibt die Karte persönlich bei der Post ab oder man fragt bei der Hotel-Rezeption nach.
    • DHL Worldwide Express, 7A, Kaba Aye Paya Str., Yangon. Tel.: 95-1-664423.

literature

  • Andrea, Markand; Markus, Markand; et all: Stefan Loose Reiseführer Myanmar (Birma). Stefan Loose, ISBN 9783770180530 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Visa-On-Arrival / Visa on Arrival (Tourist Visa). In:www.meberlin.com, abgerufen am 19. Juli 2019.
Usable articleThis is a useful article. There are still some places where information is missing. If you have something to add be brave and complete them.