Volcanoes - Vulkane

Africa

Tanzania

• The Kilimanjaro is a mountain in Tanzania on the border with Kenya. The highest peak is the "Uhuru Peak" with 5895 m, the massif as a whole is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest free-standing mountain in the world, it towers over the surrounding savannah landscape (1000 m) by about 4900 m three peaks, the Kibo with the highest elevation Uhuru Peak (5895 m), the Mawenzi (5148 m) and the Shira (3962 m). The multiple volcano Kilimanjaro owes its formation to the Eastern Rift, the eastern branch of the Central African Rift, a volcanic fault zone of the continental plate tectonics.

Reunion

• From the mountainous interior of the island Reunion the extinct volcano Piton des Neiges (3,071 m) with its three crater basins Cirque de Mafat, Cirque de Cilaos and Cirque de Salazie occupies the slightly larger north-eastern part. The somewhat smaller southeastern part of the interior of the island is occupied by the Piton de la Fournaise (2631 m), one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The populated plateau with the island crossing lies between the two volcanoes Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise

Asia

Japan

• The Fuji is a volcano that is considered sacred in Shintoism and is the highest mountain in Japan at 3776 m.

Australia and Oceania

Hawaii

At 400,000 years old, the Big Island is currently the youngest and still active volcanic island. On top of it are the two highest mountains in Hawaii, Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Further to the south-east, about 30 km away, is the submarine volcano Lōihi, which in the distant future may rise out of the water and form a new island.

Europe

Germany

North Rhine-Westphalia

• The Vulkaneifel Volcanic Eifel is naturally divided into the three sub-regions of Vulcanic Eastern Eifel (Verbandsgemeinden Brohltal, Pellenz, Mendig and Vordereifel), Volcanic High Eifel (Verbandsgemeinden Adenau, Kelberg, Ulmen and district Nohn) and Vulkanische Westeifel (remaining part of the Verbandsgemeinde of Hillesinden, Kyllstein, Kyllstein, Gerolstein, Gerolstein , Manderscheid and Daun).
  • Laacher See
  • Duppacher Weiher -
  • Rockeskyller head
  • Nerother head
  • High simmer
  • Ulmen Maar
  • Karmelenberg
• High Eifel

Hesse:

• The Vogelsberg was the largest European volcano, extinct approx. 15 to 20 million years ago, it covers an area twice as large as Etna. However, one looks in vain for the crater of a former fire-breathing mountain. The lava flows were pressed through crevices in the earth's crust, creating so-called chimneys.
  • At 764 m it is Hoherodskopf the most famous "summit" in the Vogelsberg. Summer toboggan run, restaurants, ski lifts, cross-country trails and the information center of the nature park make the mountain the first point of contact for visitors to the Hohen Vogelberg
  • At 773 m it is Baptismal font the highest point on the Vogelberg. In contrast to the tourist center Hoherodskopf, the font is still largely natural
  • Bilstein

• The Rhön belongs to a chain of volcanic centers that stretches from the Eifel over the Westerwald, the Vogelsberg and the Rhön itself to Silesia. By radiometric dating of the age of the rock, volcanic activity in the Rhön is documented for the period from around 25 to 11 million years ago, with the end of the main activity around 18 million years ago. The area of ​​the Hochrhön is essentially made up of a layer of extensive volcanic rocks from the Tertiary era. The area rises with the almost 300 m thick volcanic rock layer more than 200 m above the terrain of the neighboring areas of the Rhöner Vorland and the Kuppenrhön. The hilly mountainous area of ​​the Kuppenrhön, which is made up of individual peaks (e.g. Milseburg, Wachtküppel, Steinwand, with heights of 650 to 839 m) is the result of the erosion of the surrounding softer rock exposed phonolite bodies of former underground cooled magma conveyor chimneys and passages from the Triassic period.

Baden-Württemberg:

• The landscape of the Hegau is shaped by volcanism, which formed two rows of volcanoes 14 million years ago. The magma froze in these chimneys. When, over time, the softer tuff around the chimneys disappeared due to erosion, the cones of the Hegauberge emerged. The most well-known are
  • the Hohentwiel, 686 m
  • the high crows, 643 m
  • the Hohenstoffeln, 844 m
  • the Hohenhewen, 846 m

• The Kaiserstuhl is a small mountain range in the Breisgau west of Freiburg. It is located in the middle of the Upper Rhine Plain near the border with France. The mountains and hills that can still be seen today are the remains of a large volcano - that is why the Kaiserstuhl is sometimes referred to as "a mountain". On its sunny slopes, red and white grapes ripen, the wine of which can be enjoyed in many broom taverns in the villages and wine-growing towns around the Kaiserstuhl

• Swabian Alb, the Swabian volcano was active around 14-15 million years ago like in Hegau. The remnants of this time can still be seen today. In the form of Maren, Moren and Kegeln.

Bavaria:

• in the Upper Palatinate hill country the Rough Kulm. It is a volcano that never erupted because the magma froze before it reached the surface of the earth. The mountain is 682 m high and offers an impressive panoramic view from its 25 m high observation tower. At the western foot of the Rauhen Kulm lies Neustadt am Kulm.

• The Park stone is 10 kilometers northwest of Willows in the Upper Palatinate in the district Neustadt an der Waldnaab. It has a height of 595 m and is located in the village of the same name. It is famous for its beautiful basalt columns. The 38 meter high basalt formation is the remainder of a volcanic vent filled with magma and consists of pentagonal and hexagonal columns.

France

• Volcanic chain Chaîne des Puys or also called Monts Dômes in the Auvergne

Iceland

Everywhere in Iceland one finds signs and remains of volcanism.

Italy

• With 3340 m is the Etna the largest and most active volcano in Europe. It is located in the east of Sicily near the cities Catania and Messina. The last major outbreak was from October 26, 2002 to January 28, 2003.

• The island Stromboli consists entirely of the over 900 m high volcano, the only continuously erupting volcano in Italy. Two kilometers northeast of Stromboli is the tiny, uninhabited sister island of Strombolicchio

• Vesuvius

Spain

• The Canary Islands are largely of volcanic origin.
  • Its highest point is on the island Tenerife, The active volcano Teide is the highest mountain in Spain at 3,718 m, but it is not part of Europe.
  • On the island Lanzarote lies the Timanfaya National Park, it is an imposing crater landscape with some volcanic activity. This includes the volcanic caves like that Cueva de los Verdes.

North America

• Mount St. Helen

Central America

Costa Rica

• The Poas is near Alajuela.

• The Arenal in Costa Rica is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Lava flows regularly on the slopes down to the valley and repeatedly it throws glowing boulders up to 7.5 m in diameter 300 meters into the sky. At the foot of the volcano lies La Fortuna on the one hand, and the largest inland lake in the country, the Arenal Lake, on the other. On July 29, 1968, during its last major eruption, it destroyed the villages of Pueblo Nuevo and Tabacon, the remains can still be visited today. 87 people were killed in this major outbreak.

South America

literature

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