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| Żagań | ||
| Voivodeship | Lebus | |
|---|---|---|
| Residents | unknown | |
no value for residents on Wikidata:  | ||
| height | 100 m | |
| no tourist info on Wikidata: | ||
| location | ||
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Żagań(German: Sagan) is a city in the voivodeship Lebus at the Bober in Poland. The place lies in the border area of the historical regions Lausitz and Lower Silesia and is particularly known for its historic old town.
background
history
Middle Ages and Early Modern Times: Sagan was first mentioned in a document in 1202 and received city rights around 1285. After the division of the Duchy of Silesia it belonged to the Duchy of Glogau, from which the Duchy of Sagan[1] was outsourced. Founded in 1284 Augustinian Canons' Monastery was a cultural center of the region in the late Middle Ages. The economy of Sagan was characterized by cloth making, beer brewing and the iron trade. Sold in 1472 Hans von Sagan Principality and city to the Wettins. Under Duke Heinrich the Pious (1539–1541) the Reformation spread unhindered. Elector Moritz left Sagan in 1549 to the Bohemian sovereign Ferdinand I. In 1646 the Bohemian prince bought it Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowitz Duchy and city; In 1670 he left the Saganer Castle according to plans by the Italian architect Antonio della Porta to build.
Prussian time: In 1742 the Habsburgswho had held the crown of Bohemia since 1526, Sagan, as well as a large part of Silesia, im Preliminary peace of Breslau to the King of Prussia. Following an edict by King Frederick II to found colonist villages, the colonies Neue Forst (1775), Schönthal (1777), Alte Forst (1781) and Georgenruh (1783) were built. In 1786 the Duke of Courland bought it Peter of Biron the duchy, which was still under the Prussian crown. He was followed by his daughter in 1800 Wilhelminethat was made in 1839 by her sister Pauline was inherited. The third sister bought it from her in 1842 Dorothea. She let the palace park through Prince Pückler invest.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Sagan had a large Protestant church, three Catholic churches, a synagogue, a school teachers' college, a preparation institute, an important textile industry (3,000 workers) and a district court.[2] The state high school that Herzog Friedland School, went back to the Jesuit school established by Wallenstein. The city had been the administrative seat of the Prussian district of Sagan since 1816, which merged in 1932 to form the Sprottau district in the Liegnitz district of the Prussian province of Silesia of the German Empire, with the district office remaining in Sagan.
World War II and part of Poland: In February 1945 the Red Army conquered the city in bitter fighting and placed it under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland before the end of the war. The city got the name Żagań in Polish notation. The clearing of the city began in 1947, followed by the opening of factories, handicraft businesses and the opening of schools. In the 1970s, new districts were built and in 1983 the reconstruction work on the residential palace was completed.[3] There are large military training areas and barracks with the command of the 11th Panzer Division of the Polish Armed Forces near the town King Jan III Sobieski. In 1996, the city was one of the first seven cities to benefit from the Polish government program to restore historic sites.
getting there
Map of Żagań with the circular route
Those arriving by car can take the country road D12 of Żary or Głogów to use. The provincial road DW296 reached the place of Luban and Gorlitz or. Nowa Sól. About 15 km south of the city is at Iłowa a motorway exit A18. The 1 Żagań Railway Station
is located on the southern outskirts. It is quite a walk to the city center. There are connections with Żary (Travel time 12 minutes), Legnica (1:05 hrs.), Zielona Góra (1:15 hours), Wroclaw (2 hours) and Forst (Lausitz) (50 minutes). From Forst there are connections with cottbus. The nearest airports are 2 Zielona Góra-Babimost(IATA: IEG) 89 km northwest with a connection to Warsaw and 3 Wroclaw
(IATA: WRO) 170 km southeast in Poland, 4 Dresden(IATA: DRS) 160 km southwest in Germany.
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Tourist Attractions
Churches and monasteries
- 1 Marienkirche (Kościół Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Żaganiu).
Some old chroniclers say that the church was built in 1183 under Bolesław I. The oldest sources give 1272 as the first evidence of a religious building. In the second half of the 14th century a basilica with three naves was built, and a further renovation took place in 1515 with the construction of a tower and the large west gable. The building was built in the Gothic style with a loggia in the Renaissance style. In 1730 there was a fire as a result of which the interior got many sculptures and stucco work[4]. - 2 Tower of the Evangelical Church (Wieża kościoła poewangelickiego w Żaganiu).The church dates from 1709. Due to fears about structural damage, it was decided in 1842 to erect a new tower and one year later it was awarded to the Berlin architect Karl Heinrich, Eduard Knoblauch. Immediately after completion, the neo-Gothic tower was raised to its current 70 meters until 1846[5]. In the 1960s the church was demolished and the tower was preserved. In 2004 a renovation was completed. Since then, it has been open to visitors for viewing and visiting exhibitions.
- 3 Holy Cross Church (Kościół Świętego Krzyża w Żaganiu), Szprotawska 26, 68-100 Żagań.Originally there was a chapel here, outside the city walls, as early as 1284. After the flood of 1332 a church was built here. The current building, however, dates from 1849 and was built under Duchess Dorota de Talleyrand-Périgord by the architect Leonhard Dorst von Schatzenberg in the neo-Gothic style.[6] You can marvel at valuable handicrafts (carving, carpentry and ironwork) in the church.
- 4 Chapel of the Holy Sepulcher (Kaplica Bożego Grobu w Żaganiu).Built around 1600 from sandstone based on the example of the 100 years older Holy Sepulcher in Gorlitz, and thus an indirect copy of the medieval burial chapel in Jerusalem. It is the only copy of the burial chapel in Poland. The initiative for the construction came from Jakub II Liebig, the then abbot of the Augustinian order. It can be found in the cemetery of the Podżagański Church from the 15th century. It was renovated in 1998.
- 5 Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary (Kościół Nawiedzenia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Żaganiu), Piastowska / Podgórna. Tel.: 48 68 377 29 16.The church was built in 1444 on the site of a 40-year-old wooden chapel. Originally built in the Gothic style, it shows many baroque elements after numerous works. The altar dates from 1600. The 18 meter high bell tower has 4 bells. The largest is called "John Paul II", dates back to 1999 and weighs a ton. The cemetery was established in the 16th century and is still active today. There is also a copy of the Chapel of the Holy Sepulcher on its site.
- 6 Peter and Paul Church (Kościół Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła w Żaganiu).Church history goes back to the year 1272. Under Prince Konrad II Garbaty, the Franciscans came to Żagań and built a monastery and a church on the city wall. In 1485 it was rebuilt as a result of a fire. The Protestant community took it over during the Reformation. In 1604 the west facade got a tower. Later the facility was used by the Jesuits. After its dissolution, the facility was used by the Roman Catholic community from 1810. The current Gothic form has existed since the 14th century.
- 7 Holy Spirit Church (Kościół św. Ducha w Żaganiu).In 1284 the Augustinian order came to Żagań. The chapel of the Holy Spirit that was taken over was still outside the city. It was used by the Protestants from 1541, but was destroyed in the Thirty Years War. The current late baroque church dates from 1702, its tower from 1785.[7].
- 8 Augustinian Canons' Monastery
- 9 Franciscan monastery
Marienkirche
Tower of the Evangelical Church
Holy Cross Church
Chapel of the Holy Sepulcher
Cemetery church
Peter and Paul Church
Holy Spirit Church
Sagan Castle
Sagan Castle
- 10 Ducal Sagan Castle.A castellan castle in Sagan is documented for 1202. This Kastellaneiburg consisted of a wood-earth system. Apparently a second castle complex soon existed, as one of these was handed over to Duke Conrad II of Glogau in 1284 to the Augustinians, who built a monastery there. A third castle, to which today's castle goes back, located on the banks of the Bober, was sold in 1472 by Duke Hans II of Sagan to the Wettins. After a fire, this system was rebuilt for Duke Georg von Sachsen as an irregular four-wing system. After 1549 the castle was owned by the Habsburgs, who enfeoffed the von Promnitz with the rule. In 1627 the duchy was sold to Albrecht von Wallenstein by Emperor Ferdinand II. After his order, a four-wing new building was built under the direction of Vicenzo Boccacci using two existing palace wings, which is considered to be the earliest early Baroque building in Silesia. After Wallenstein's murder, the buildings were stopped. From 1646 Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowitz was enfeoffed with the rule, who commissioned Antonio della Porta to complete the building with slight changes to the original plan. Wenzel Eusebiuses grandson Phlipp had the interior work done. From 1786 Duke Peter Biron von Kurland was in possession of the rulership and had the interior of the palace redesigned in a classicist style, including stucco ceilings based on designs by Christian Valentin Schultze. Duke Peter also had an important art collection built. His daughter Louise Pauline had a chapel built in the east wing in 1839 according to plans by Leonhard Dorst von Schatzberg. Via the youngest daughter, Duke Peters, the castle came to the Talleyrand-Périgord, who owned the castle even after the communist takeover of the region. However, when the Red Army moved in and in the late 1940s, the castle was completely looted. After repairs from 1965 to 1983, the castle serves as the city's cultural center. The castle, built on a high base, is surrounded on three sides by a dry moat. The facades are structured by evenly distributed window axes and pilaster strips. A ramp, on which the orangery stood until 1945, leads from the side of the Bober into the inner courtyard. This is accentuated by blind arcades. Sagan Park was just as famous in the 19th century as the grounds in Branitz and Muskau. As early as 1700 there was a pleasure garden at the castle. Under Duchess Dorothea, court gardener Friedrich Teichert had a 230 hectare park laid out by 1860. Due to the local conditions, the park was divided into three areas: the castle park on the north bank of the Bober, the middle park on an island in the Bober and the upper park on the opposite bank. A "Dutch garden" with an extremely lush flow of flowers was laid out near the orangery, of which only a staircase to the bank, the "frog fountain" and sculpture pedestals have survived. Dorothea's private garden was located between the Bober and the carp pond. At the end of the pond you can still find the figures of two Chinese fishing people who made up the landscaped gardens. The middle park was purely landscaped. Paths named after relatives of the Duchess led through deciduous forest and meadow valleys. From the "Petershöhe" in the upper park there was a wide view of the park and the castle. In the Mittelpark and Oberpark there are only traces of the former facilities, while the palace park has been extensively renovated[8].
Buildings
- 11 town hall.Built in neo-renaissance style between 1879–1880.
- 12 Bismarck Tower (Wieża Bismarcka w Żaganiu).The 20 meter high observation tower is made of field stones and granite and was built according to a design by the architect Carl Stahlberg. The foundation stone was laid on July 30, 1908, the opening on June 27, 1909. In 2002 it was renovated.
- baroque memory
- historical town houses
- Gothic city wall with bastions
Bismarck Tower
Town hall tower
Town hall tower
city wall
various
Circular walk "The Great Escape"
- 15 Stalag Luft III.During the Second World War that was not far from the city Stalag VIII C and the Stalag Luft III built; the latter temporarily housed 10,000 prisoners of war. On March 24, 1944, 76 Allied prisoners of war managed to escape from the camp through a 110 m long and 10 m deep tunnel. Most of those who had escaped were caught in the vicinity of the camp, and only three men managed to escape. On direct orders from Hitler, 47 of the captured fugitives were shot by the Gestapo in violation of the Geneva Convention. 21 of the police and Gestapo officers involved were interrogated in the London Cage after the war and later tried and partly executed by a British military tribunal in Hameln. The event took place in 1963 Broken laces filmed. At the end of the Second World War, camp No. 78 in Sagan, located in the regained areas, was used by the Red Army for interning German prisoners of war and was transferred to Polish administration on September 1, 1945.[9] The prisoners were used for forced labor in the Silesian coal mining industry. There was also one on the main street 13 memorial built with a museum. There's another one further north 14 Memorial cemetery. There is also a circular hiking trail related to the great escape from the prison camp.
- The former 16 jewish cemetery (Cmentarz żydowski w Żaganiu).was destroyed in World War II. There is no more Mazewa. Today there are allotment gardens on the site. Originally it had an area of 0.89 hectares.
activities
- 1 "The Spring" outdoor pool (Kompleks Sportowo-Rekreacyjny "Źródlana"), 1A 68-200, Źródlana, Żary. Tel.: 48 68 470 28 70..Large outdoor swimming pool in the neighboring town of Żary in the Sorau Forest, 15 km to the west.Open: Sa-Thu 10: 00-20: 00; Fri 10: 00-21: 30.
- The western area of the city is densely wooded and offers opportunities for hike and driving with the bicycle. The paths are unpaved, but can be used with a normal bicycle without special equipment. If you are interested in history, you can go for a hike on the circular trail leading to the great escape from the prison camp Stalag Luft III hold.
- A great opportunity to hike offers the 17 Zielony Las (Sorau Forest, Green Forest), a wooded area south of Żary, west of Żagań with a varied terrain, beautiful beech trees and a lookout tower from which you can even see Śnieżka. At 227 meters it is 18 Góra Żarska (Back mountain) the highest elevation in the forest area. There is also a fire watch tower on it. The 19 Observation tower was built in 1864 is located approx. 600 m southeast of the parking lot and offers a beautiful view. To the north is the one that began in 1914 but was never completed 20 Bismarck Tower as a ruin in the forest.
shop
kitchen
- 1 Restauracja Bar Kepler, Rynek 27/28, 68-100 Żagań. Tel.: 48 68 377 27 62, Email: [email protected].
Larger selection of typical Polish dishes. There are also outdoor spaces.Feature: Polish cuisine.Open: Mon 11: 00-21: 00; Tue-Thu 11: 00-22: 00; Fri-Sat 11: 00-23: 00; Sun 11: 00-21: 00.Price: main courses: 23-45 zł. - 2 Pizzeria Mafia, Plac Słowiański 6, 68-100 Żagań. Tel.: 48 786 28 88 82.Pizzeria in the center, open all day. There are also outdoor spaces.Features: kebab, pasta, pizza, salad.Open: daily 12: 00-22: 00.
- 3 O Sole Mio Pizzeria, Warszawska 14, 68-100 Żagań. Tel.: 48 68 477 57 00..Daily open pizzeria in the pedestrian street with outdoor seating.Features: Polish cuisine, pasta, pizza, salad.Open: daily 12: 00-21: 00.Price: large pizza 20-30 zł.
- 4 Restauracja Tropik (Tropics), Rynek 8, 68-100 Żagań. Tel.: 48 68 377 37 19..Cheap Polish dishes. There are also outdoor spaces.Feature: Polish cuisine.Open: Mon – Sat 9:00 am – 7:00 pm; Sun 9:00 am - 6:00 pm.
nightlife
- 1 Beach Bar Miedzy Mostami, Żelazna, 68-100 Kępa Ludwika. Tel.: 48 662 57 51 23, Email: [email protected].Beach bar on a branch opposite the southeast end of the castle park.Open: Wed – Thu 17: 00-22: 00; Fri 17: 00-2: 00; Sa 16: 00-2: 00; Sun 14: 00-23: 00.
- 2 Club Muzyczny Elektrownia, Warszawska 14, 68-100 Żagań. Tel.: 48 53 373 67 67..Small music club with a bar.
accommodation
- 1 Pension Bartosz, Żarska 46, 68-100 Żagań. Tel.: 48 500 03 57 66, Email: [email protected]..Small, cozy hotel on the outskirts of the city with 2-4 bed rooms for a total of 50 guests as well as a restaurant.Feature: free WiFi.Price: 180/260/340/370/400 zł (single / double / 3P / 4P / APP).
- 2 Hotel Willa Park, Józefa Piłsudskiego 19, 68-100 Żagań. Tel.: 48 68 478 18 33, Email: [email protected].Features: free WiFi,
, 106 rooms.Check-in: 14:00.Check-out: 12:00.Accepted payment methods: VISA, Mastercard.
, 106 rooms.health
Practical advice
trips
- 1 Zielona Góra
(Grünberg), Seat of government of the Lubusz Voivodeship, is widely known for the largest wine festival in Poland (Winobranie). It takes place every September. The city is about 47 kilometers to the north. Halfway through the city 2 Nowogród Bobrzański(Naumburg am Bober). The 10 km longer alternative return journey leads through the cities 3 Nowa Sól(New salt on the Oder) and 4 Kożuchów(Freystadt in Silesia) . - The city lies to the west 5 Żary (Sorau) (15 km) with the baroque ruins of the Dewiner Castle and the Promnitz Palace and other buildings worth seeing. South of the city you can visit the Sorau Forest hike extensively. A vantage point lets you see as far as the Schneekoppe in good weather. There is also a leisure pool on the edge of the city / forest.
- If you drive 22 kilometers further north-west, you will cross 6 Jasień(Alleys) and finally reaches the small town 7 Lubsko(Summer field) with a small old town with historical buildings. 8 Brody(Gates) is located 15 kilometers west of Lubsko on the road towards Forst (Lausitz). In the small village are the ruins of the Rococo style Castle gates, the former residence of Count Brühl, the restoration of which began in 2013. The outbuildings have already been restored.
- The two German-Polish border towns are located 9 Bad Muskau and 10 Łęknica 55 km to the west and share the famous Muskauer Park with Bad Muskau Castle. In the area, in the Muskau fold arch(Łuk Mużakowa), one can undertake geologically interesting hikes and explorations, just west of Bad Muskau is the Rhododendron Park Kromlau.
- The two border towns are found 66 km to the south 11 Gorlitz and 12 Zgorzelec. Görlitz is the easternmost city in Germany and offers an old town that is well worth seeing. On the way there is a short stop in 13 Iłowa(Half building) with a short walk to the castle with the attached castle park.
- 14 Bolesławiec(Bunzlau) is 49 km southeast of the Bóbr. It is known nationwide for its Bunzlau ceramics and has a lovely old town.
- A trip to the east is a good idea 15 Głogów(Glogau) at. The city is 65 km away on the Oder. A short stop can be made after two thirds in 16 Bytom Odrzański(Beuthen on the Oder) insert. When returning on the more southerly route, there is a short stop in 17 Szprotawa(Sprottau) possible.
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literature
- : Critical review of the history of the city and the Duchy of Sagan, as presented by A. Leipelt, mathematician at the royal Catholic high school in Sagan. Grünberg, 1854.
- : History of the city and the Duchy of Sagan. Sorau, 1853.
- : Patriotic pictures, or history and description of all castles and knight palaces in both Silesia and the county of Glatz.. Glogau, 1844 (2nd edition).
- : Żagań znany i nieznany / Rada i Zarząd Miasta Żagania. Żagań, 2002, ISBN 83-912320-3-4 .
- Werner Bein (Ed.): Sagan and Sprottau in Silesian History. Wurzburg: Bergstadtverlag Korn, 1992, ISBN 3-87057-164-0 .
- : History of the Duchy of Sagan (1795) / Newly edited and provided with pictures, corrections and explanations by Georg Feilhauer and Max Krüger. W. Daustein. Sagan, 1930.
Web links
- http://www.um.zagan.pl - Official website of Offizielleagań
- Wikisource
- Żagań / Sagan Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg Online Lexicon
- The ducal residence palace in the middle of the 19th century (Duncker collection) (PDF; 214 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑Eduard Ludwig Wedekind: New chronicle of the city of Züllichau from the first times of its creation to the present day. G. Sporleder, Züllichau 1846, P. 60.
- ↑Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon. 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, P. 415.
- ↑City website, Historia (Archived version of March 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive archive.org), accessed December 16, 2011
- ↑Zespół poaugustiański - Kościół parafialny p.w. Wniebowzięcia NMP, Urząd Miejski w Żaganiu, 2013-03-22 (Polish) [1]
- ↑K. Adamek-Pujszo, Działalność kulturotwórcza książąt żagańskich Bironów (1786-1862), cz. 1, Zielona Góra 2007, pp. 170-174 (Polish)
- ↑Kościół p.w. św. Krzyża; Urząd Miejski w Żaganiu; 03/31/2013 [2]
- ↑Obiekt turystyczny: Kościół p.w. Ducha Świętego | opublikowany = Powiat żagański; 2013-03-31 [3]
- ↑Zespół poaugustiański - Kościół parafialny p.w. Wniebowzięcia NMP (Urząd Miejski w Żaganiu, March 22, 2013) (Polish), [4]
- ↑Jerzy Kochanowski: In Polish captivity. German prisoners of war in Poland 1945–1950. German Historical Institute Warsaw, fiber publishing house, 2004, p. 47 ff., 54.
