| Location | |
 | |
| Ensign | |
| 75px | |
| Basic information | |
| Currency | Lari |
| Population | 4.504.100 (2014) |
| Power system | 220V/50Hz (European socket) |
| Phone number | 995 |
| time zone | UTC 4 |
Georgia (Georgian: , romanized: Sakartvelo, Vietnamese: Georgian) is a Eurasian country in the eastern Caucasus region. Black Sea. The country has a northern border with Russia, south with Turkey and Armenia, east with Azerbaijani This is an intercontinental country, located at the junction Eastern Europe and West Asia.
overview
History
The territory of modern-day Georgia has been continuously inhabited since the beginning of the Stone Age. In classical times the early states were seen as precursors to the establishment of the Georgian state, and the culture and national identity of Colchis and Iberia emerged. Christianity was introduced in the 1st century AD and played an important role in the national culture. Georgia was unified in the 11th century and the following century began a golden age in the country's history. Georgia went through several stages of growth and decline until it was split into several small political entities in the 16th century. The Russian Empire gradually occupied Georgian lands from 1801 to 1866. A state The Georgian Democratic Republic appeared and lasted short after the Russian Revolution of 1917 (1918-1921) – collapsed following the invasion of the Bolsheviks. Georgia was annexed to the Soviet Union in 1922. Georgia regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and, after a period of civil war and severe economic crisis, by the late 1990s the situation in Georgia was mostly stable. determined. The bloodless Pink Revolution of 2003 established a pro-Western reform government and is planning to join NATO and work to bring the separatist regions back under Georgian control. Those efforts have eroded relations with Russia, in part because of the current Russian military presence. By 2007, most of the Russian armed forces had withdrawn, the last Russian base at Batumi expected to be withdrawn in 2008. Georgia's topography varies from alpine in the Caucasus Mountains to subtropical along the coast. Black, making the country a tourist attraction. Agriculture—especially the winemaking tradition—goes back to prehistoric times, and still makes up an important part of the nation's culture. The country's recent economic developments have been on par with the common development of the countries of Eurasia.Georgia is a representative democratic state, organized as a unitary semi-presidential republic. Georgia is currently a member of the United Nations, Council Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the World Trade Organization and the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and is applying to join the Union Europe and NATO.
Geography
To the north, Georgia shares a 723 km border with Russia, namely the North Caucasus federal district. The following regions/republics of Russia - from west to east - border Georgia: Krasnodar Krai, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia-Alania, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan. Georgia also shares a border with Azerbaijan (322 km) in the southeast, Armenia (164 km.) to the south, and Turkey (252 km.) in the southwest. Mountains are a characteristic geographical feature in Georgia. The Likhi Range divides Georgia into eastern and western halves. Historically, the western half of Georgia was called Colchis and the eastern part was called Iberia. Because of the complex topography, mountains also separate the northern region of Svaneti from Georgia. The Greater Caucasus Range separates Georgia from the North Caucasus countries of the country. Russia. The southern part of the country borders the Lower Caucasus Range. The Caucasus Range is more elevated than the Lower Caucasus Range, with its highest peak being more than 5,000 meters (16,400 ft.) above sea level. The highest mountain in Georgia is Mount Shkhara at 5,201 meters (17,059 feet), followed by the second highest mountain in Georgia. Mount Janga (Jangi-Tau) at 5,051 meters (16,572 feet) above sea level. Other notable peaks include Kazbegi (Kazbek) 5,047 meters (16,554 feet), Tetnuldi (4,974m./16,319 ft.), Shota Rustaveli (4,960m./16,273 ft.), Mount Ushba (4,710m./15,453 ft.) .), and Ailama (4,525m./14,842 ft.). Apart from the above peaks, only Kazbegi is of volcanic origin. The region between Kazbegi and Shkhara (approximately 200 km along the Main Caucasus) consists mainly of many snow and ice peaks. The Lower Caucasus Mountains are made up and bisected by several mountain ranges (mostly of volcanic origin) not exceeding 3,400 meters (approximately 11,000 feet). Key features of the region include the Javakheti Volcanic Plateau, numerous lakes, including Tabatskuri and Paravani, as well as numerous mineral and hot springs. Voronya Cave (also known as Krubera-Voronia Cave) is the deepest cave. world. Located at Arabika Massif in the Gagra Range, in Abkhazia, Georgia, Caucasus. The difference in altitude of the cave is 2,140 (± 9) meters. This cave also holds a depth record of 1,710 meters in 2001 as discovered by a Russian-Ukrainian survey team. In 2004 the depth of this cave increased after three other expeditions. A Ukrainian survey team crossed –2000 m depth for the first time in the history of caves. In October 2005, a new unexplored part was found by the CAVEX team, and the cave became even deeper. This expedition confirmed the current depth of the cave – 2,140 (±9). The two main rivers in Georgia are the Rioni and the Mtkvari.
Climate
Over a fairly small area, Georgia's climate is quite different. There are two main climate zones, the eastern and western regions of the country. The Greater Caucasus Mountains play an important role in keeping Georgia's climate moderate and protecting the country from the penetration of cold air masses from the north. The Lesser Caucasus also plays a part in protecting the country from the effects of hot, dry air masses from the south. Much of western Georgia lies within the margins of the humid subtropical zone, with annual rainfall varying throughout the year. about 1000–4000mm. (39–157 inches). Precipitation tends to be evenly distributed throughout the year, although rainfall can be very heavy during the fall months. The climate of this region varies greatly with altitude, and although most of the lowlands of western Georgia enjoy fairly warm weather throughout the year, the mountainous regions (including the Greater and Lesser Caucasus Mountains) have cool, humid summers and snowy winters (snow cover often exceeds 2 meters in many areas). Ajaria and the wettest part of the Caucasus, where the Mtirala rain forest, east of Kobuleti, receives about 4,500 mm (177 inches) of rain annually. Eastern Georgia has a transitional climate from humid subtropical to continental. This regional climate pattern is influenced by both Central Asian/Caspian dry air masses and air masses from the western Black Sea. The penetration of moist air masses from the Black Sea is often prevented by the many mountain ranges (Likhi and Meskheti) that separate the eastern and western parts of the country. Annual rainfall is much lower than in western Georgia and ranges from 400–1600mm (16–63 inches). The wettest periods usually occur during the spring and fall, while the winter and summer months are typically drier. Much of eastern Georgia has hot summers (especially in the lowlands) and fairly cold winters. Similarly in the western parts of the country, altitude also plays an important role in the east, and climatic conditions at more than 1500 meters (4920 ft) above sea level are often much colder than in the lowlands. Areas above 2000 meters (6560 ft) above sea level often experience freezing conditions even during the summer months.
Region
| Kartli Central Georgia, the center of East Georgian culture, and economic, cultural, political and national centers; home to the most visited locations of Tbilisi, Mtskheta, Gori, and Stepantsminda |
| Rioni Region Central western Georgia and the ancient kingdoms of Colchis, land of the golden fleece, present day home UNESCO world heritage amazing, and fantasy mountain scenery |
| Kakheti Georgia's fertile wine region, many beautiful churches, monasteries, and wineries |
| Southwest Georgia The subtropical section of the country, with a large Muslim population, and a few great pebble beaches |
| Northwest Georgia Splendidly beautiful, rather dangerous, and politically unstable, it's worth taking the once-in-a-lifetime risk to see the magic of Upper Svaneti |
| Samtskhe-Javakheti The place where people liveArmenia, Vardzia, and enchanted Sapara Monastery |
| Disputed territories (Abkhazia, South Ossetia) Georgia's breakaway region, in a state of civil war with the national government; Abkhazia is a beautiful tropical beach and volcanic destination, while South Ossetia is high in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, with little to offer a tourist beyond constant danger and mountain vistas. |
The exclusion Abkhazia and South Ossetia Departure from the appropriate regional hierarchy is not an endorsement of any party to the conflict, it is merely a factual distinction, since travel conditions in these two regions are radically different from people in the rest of Georgia. |
City
- Tbilisi - the beautiful and exciting capital, the largest and most cosmopolitan city of Georgia
- Akhaltsikhe - small capital of Samtskhe-Javakheti is close to two beautiful tourist attractions: Vardzia and Sapara . Monastery
- Batumi - the capital city of Ajara on the Black Sea, near some good swimming
- Borjomi - a small picturesque city with famous mineral water, a national park, and a summer palace of the Russian Romanov dynasty
- Gori - Stalin's hometown, located next to the city there is a cave
- Kutaisi - the second city of Georgia and the historic capital of ancient Colchis, where there are two UNESCO world heritage
- Mtskheta - historic former capital of East Georgia, center of the Georgian Orthodox Church, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site is an easy day trip from Tbilisi
- Telavi - The capital of Kakheti is a jumping off point for the nearby winery, castle and monastery
Other destinations
- Ski slopes Bakuriani - once ran to host the Winter Olympics, is a major ski resort in the south of the country
- NS Georgian Military Road - run through unbelievable high mountain scenery with dangerous steep curves, from Tbilisi to Vladikavkaz, Russia.
- Kakheti wineries - especially Tsinandali . campus, home to an ancient Romanov palace, beautiful grounds, and some delicious wines
- Mount Kazbeg - one of the highest mountains in Europe also the place 'Tsminda Sameba', one of the most spectacular monasteries in the world
- David Gareja - a 6th century cave monastery on a mountain overlooking Azerbaijani I desert, with beautiful frescoes
- Pasanauri ski slopes - the main ski resort in Georgia the Greater Caucasus Mountains, along the Georgian military route to Stepantsminda
- Upper Svaneti - Europe's highest populated area, concentrated around Mestia, is the home of the mysterious Svans and a UNESCO world heritage
- Vardzia - a 12th century cave monastery, the city overlooks a large river gorge
- Uplistsikhe - A 3600-year-old Silk Road cave city that is a major regional center of the Caucasus pagan region
Arrive
Visa
Citizens of Albania, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Costa Rica, Chile, EU, Iran, Iceland, India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Panama, Philippines, Qatar, Russia,Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Seychelles, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, USA, Uruguay, Vatican City and the CIS do not require a visa to enter and stay in Georgia for up to 360 days (Russia— up to 90 days, visa-free from March 2012) [1].
Citizens of other countries must apply for an entry visa.
By air
There are flights to Tbilisi from a number of European, North American and Asian countries, including London ([bmi http://www.flybmi.com]), Paris (Georgian Airways [2]), Vienna (Austrian Airlines), Warsaw (LOT Airlines), Kiev (Georgian Airways), Munich (Lufthansa), Athens (Georgian Airways), Riga (airBaltic, [3]), Istanbul (Turkey Airlines), Prague (Czech Airlines). Recently, KLM canceled their flights to Tbilisi but you can fly with Georgian Airways from/ Amsterdam. Belavia (Belarus national airline [4]) is currently offering daily non-stop flights from Minsk to Tbilisi at a great price, and there are plenty of flight connections from the European city Minsk, for example from Amsterdam (a transit visa is not required if you're flying to Georgia). Please note that Georgian Airways (AirZena) [5] There are many flights from different cities. See more airBaltic cheap flights to many European destinations.
May 26, 2007 saw the reopening of the airport in Batumi. Turkish Airlines [6] flights run daily between Batumi and Istanbul. Other destinations served by Batumi airports include Kharkiv, Kiev and (from 15 September 2010) Minsk (twice weekly with Belavia). Batumi Airport is located about 10 kilometers south of the city center and is accessible by minibus and taxi.
Flight to Moscow and other Russian cities are still irregular, due to the conflict issues between the two countries.
Rapid expansion of tourist infrastructure (Black Sea resorts along the Georgian coast, ski resorts in the mountains of the Ajara region and in Svaneti) has led to the opening of more international airports (most recently in in the ski resort of Mestia), and along with recent rankings as one of the safest countries in Europe and rapidly improving infrastructure, tourist numbers are on the rise.