Solomon Islands - Quần đảo Solomon

Solomon Islands is an island nation of people Melanesia, located in eastern Papua New Guinea, consists of nearly a thousand islets spread over an area of ​​approximately 28,400 km² (10,965 sq mi). Its capital is Honiara, located on the island of Guadalcanal.

overview

According to some objective opinions, many people believe that the people of this island nation are descendants of the ancient Melanesian people, who lived thousands of years ago. In the 1890s, British colonialists established a protectorate of this land. During 1942-1945, the island nation suffered great losses during World War II. Many fierce battles took place (Solomon Islands Campaign), including the Battle of Guadalcanal which severely damaged Solomon. In 1976, the self-governing government was born. Two years later, Solomon officially became an independent country and a member of the British Commonwealth.

Since 1998, ethnic strife has raged amid the incompetence of the authorities. In June 2003, an Australian multinational peacekeeping force was sent to the "Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) to restore peace and resolve the conflict." bordering armed ethnic rebels.

Today, Northern Solomons is divided into two regions: the independent Solomon Islands and the province of Bougainville under the Papua New Guinea.

History

It is believed that Papuan-speaking settlers began arriving around 30,000 BC. Austronesian speakers arrived around 4,000 BC and also brought cultural elements such as paddle canoes. Between 1,200 and 800 BC the ancestors of the Polynesians, the Lapitas, arrived from the Bismarck Islands with their distinctive pottery.[1] The first European to discover the archipelago was the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, who arrived from Peru in 1568.

Missionaries began arriving in the Solomons in the mid-19th century. At first they were not very successful, because of the "black slave trade" (the often violent recruitment of workers for the sugarcane farms). in Queensland and Fiji) led to a series of reprisals and massacres. The consequences of the slave trade forced Britain to declare a protectorate over the southern part of the Solomons in 1893. This was the basis of the British Protectorate of the Solomon Islands. In 1898 and 1899, more remote islands were added to the protectorate. In 1900 the remainder of the archipelago, an area formerly under German jurisdiction, was transferred to the British administration apart from the islands of Buka and Bougainville which remained under German administration as part of German New Guinea (for until they were captured by Australia in 1914, after the outbreak of World War I). However, traditional trade and social exchanges between the western Solomon Islands Mono and Alu (the Shortlands) and traditional societies to the south continued as usual. Under the protectorate, missionaries settled in the Solomons, converting most of the population to Christianity. In the early 20th century, many British and Australian companies began to grow coconuts on a large scale. However, economic growth remains low because the islanders have little benefit from it.

During World War II, there was fierce fighting between the Americans and the Japanese in the Solomon Islands during the 1942-45 campaign, including the Battle of Guadalcanal. Autonomy was achieved in 1976 and independence two years later. The Solomon Islands is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen of the Solomon Islands, currently Elizabeth II, as head of state.

In 1998, ethnic violence, government misconduct, and crime undermined stability and society. In June 2003, an Australian-led multinational force, the Regional Support Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI), arrived and restored peace, disarmed ethnic militias and improved people's governance. NS. It has also led to the development of facilities catering to foreign workers.

Geography

The Solomon Islands is a large island nation east of Papua New Guinea and consists of several islands: Choiseul, Shortland Island; New Georgia Island; Santa Isabel; Russell Island; Nggela (Florida Island); Malaita; Guadalcanal; Sikaiana; Maramasike; Ulawa; Uki; Makira (San Cristobal); Santa Ana; Rennell and Bellona; The Santa Cruz Islands and three remote islands, Tikopia, Anuta, and Fatutaka. The distance between the islands furthest to the west and east is about 1,500 kilometers (930 mi). The Santa Cruz Islands (Tikopia is part of it), are located north of Vanuatu and are very isolated at a distance of 200 kilometers (120 mi) from the other islands. Bougainville is geographically part of the Solomon Islands, but politically part of Papua New Guinea.

The island's oceanic-equatorial climate is very humid throughout the year, with an average temperature of 27 °C (80 °F). June to August is the coldest time. Although the seasons are not distinguished, the northwesterly storms of November through April bring occasional rains and occasional gusts or storms. Annual rainfall is about 3050 mm (120 in).

The Solomon Islands are part of two separate terrestrial ecoregions. Most of the islands are part of the Solomon Islands rainforest ecoregion, which includes the islands of Bougainville and Buka, which are part of Papua New Guinea, whose forests are currently at great risk from mining activities. waterfall. The Santa Cruz Islands are part of the Vanuatu Rainforest Ecoregion, along with the neighboring Vanuatu Islands. Soil quality varies from very rich volcanic soil (there are volcanoes of varying degrees of activity on several large islands) to barren limestone. There are more than 230 species of orchids and other tropical flowers on the archipelago.

The archipelago has many extinct or still active volcanoes. The Tinakula and Kavachi volcanoes are the most active volcanoes.

Islands

Cities

Arrive

Everyone needs a passport, an onward ticket, and enough money to cover their stay in the Solomon Islands.

Citizens of the following countries may be granted a visitor visa on arrival:American Samoa, Andorra, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Shirt, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bonaire, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, Cook Islands, Curacao, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic, hour, Finland, France, French Polynesia, virtue, Greek, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, Irish, Israel, IDEA, Japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Federal Micronesia, Monaco, Montserrat, Nauru, Netherlands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, New Zealand, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Norway, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Pitcairn Islands, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Saba, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, USA, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna.

By plane

The international airport, Henderson, is 7 miles east of the capital, Honiara. Scheduled flights depart from Brisbane, Australia most days. There are also flights between Vanuatu, Fiji and New Guinea

By sea

Cruise ships occasionally visit Honiara.

It is also possible to travel from southern Bougainville in Papua New Guinea by boat into the Western Province of the Solomon Islands, as locals frequently travel between the Solomons' Shortland Islands and Bougainville.

Visit

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