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| Location | |
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| Flag | |
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| Short | |
| Capital | Tallinn |
| Government | Parliamentary republic |
| Coin | Euro |
| Surface | total: 45,226 km² |
| Population | 1.274.709 (2012) |
| Language | Estonian (official), Russian, Finnish, other |
| Religion | Lutheran, Russian Orthodox, Estonian Orthodox, Baptist, Methodist, Seventh-day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Jewish |
| Electricity | 220V/50Hz (European plug) |
| Call code | 372 |
| Internet TLD | .ee |
| Time zone | UTC 2 |
Estonia,[1] is one of three Baltic states in the northeast of Europe.
Info
Estonia borders Latvia and Russia and has a coastline on the Baltic Sea and on the Gulf of Finland.
History
Estonia was not an independent state until 1918. Independent Estonia was occupied by Soviet troops in 1940 and then by German troops in 1941. Numerous Estonians joined Estonian units of the Waffen-SS as volunteers or conscripts in order to preserve their country's independence from the Soviet Union on the side of Germany. Estonia was permanently annexed by the Soviet Union in 1944. Occupied Estonia regained its independence in 1991. The years of increasing freedom that preceded this event have gone down in history as the "singing revolution".
Before 1918 Estonia was one of the great powers surrounding the country: it was alternately (partly) Danish, Swedish, (partly) Polish and then for a long time, until 1918, Russian, while the Teutonic Order played a major role there for centuries. Germans also held high positions in government and civil service under the tsars, while the Estonians were mostly craftsmen and formed the middle and lower classes. The emancipation of the Estonians and of the Estonian language did not get off the ground until 1860 under the influence of modern nationalism.
Estonia joined the European Union on May 1, 2004.
Geography
Estonia has a total of 561 kilometers of land borders. The coastline is many times longer and measures 3794 km. There are three major rivers: Emajõgi, Pärnu and Narva. Only the Emajõgi and the Narva are sailed.
Estonia is a mainly flat country, the north coast of which, however, rises steeply from the sea in many places, and which turns into hill country in the south-east. This is where the highest mountain in Estonia is located, Suur Munamägi (Great Eierberg, 318 m), which is slightly lower than the highest in the Netherlands. The eastern border with Russia is largely formed by Lake Peipus (3555 km²) and Lake Pskov, and further north by the River Narva. Only in the south does Estonia have no natural border.
West and north of Estonia are more than 1,500 islands, the vast majority of which are uninhabited and some were used as military grounds by the then Soviet Union. The largest islands are Saaremaa and the densely forested Hiiumaa, both with their own recognizable character. These two islands form their own provinces. Smaller inhabited islands include Muhu, Vormsi, Vilsandi, Abruka, Kihnu, and Ruhnu.
Economy
Regions
| Northern Estonia Of Tallinn and coastal towns like Kaberneeme, laulasmaa, Neva, käsmu and Vsu. It Lahemaa National Park is an hour's drive from Tallinn. |
| Eastern Estonia Narva, toila and Narva-Jõesuu. |
| Western Estonia and Islands With the resorts Haapsalu and parnu, and the islands saaremaa and hiiumaa. |
| Southern Estonia With the university town Tartu and the Soomaa . National Park. |
Towns
- Tallinn - the capital
- Kuressaare
- Narva
- Tartu — the second largest city
- valga
Other destinations
Arrive
In 2000, 1.3 million foreign visitors traveled to Estonia, whose trips were planned by travel agents and tour operators, according to Estonian Statistics [2]. By 2005, this number had grown to 1.8 million, an increase of nearly 38 percent.
Passport and visa
Estonia belongs to the Schengen zone.
There are no border controls between countries that have signed and implemented the Schengen Agreements. These are the member states of the European Union (except Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom), Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. In addition, a visa issued for a member state of the Schengen zone is valid for all member states that have signed the treaties and have implemented. But beware: not all EU Member States have signed the Schengen Agreements, and there are also Member States of the Schengen Area that are not members of the European Union. This means that there may be customs checks but no immigration checks (if you are traveling within Schengen but from/to a non-EU country) or there may be immigration checks but no customs checks (if you are traveling within the EU but from/to a non-EU country). -Schengen country).
Airports in Europe are divided between "Schengen" and "no Schengen" sections, which correspond to the "domestic" and "foreign" sections in other countries. If you fly from outside Europe to a Schengen country and then travel on to another Schengen country, you can complete the customs and immigration checks in the first country and then proceed directly to the second country without any further checks. Traveling between a Schengen country and a non-Schengen country will result in the usual border controls. Please note that whether or not you travel within the Schengen zone, many airlines require you to always present a passport or identity card. Nationals of Member States of the European Union or of the EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) only need to carry a valid passport or identity card to enter the Schengen zone — they never need a visa, no matter how long the visit takes. Nationals of other countries must carry a valid passport and, depending on nationality, need a visa.
Only nationals of the following non-EU/EFTA countries have no Visa required to enter the Schengen zone: Albania*, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina*, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chili, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Japan, Croatia, North Macedonia*, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Serbia*/**, Seychelles, Singapore, Taiwan*** (Republic of China), United States, Uruguay, Vatican CITY, Venezuela, South Korea, as well as persons with a British National (Overseas) passport, a Hong-Kong-SAR passport or a Macau-SAR passport.
Visitors to these visa-free countries are not allowed to stay longer than 90 days in any 180-day period in the Schengen zone as a whole, and in principle are not allowed to work during the stay (although there are some Schengen countries that allow nationals of certain nationalities to work — see below). The counter starts when you enter a member state of the Schengen zone and does not expire when you leave a certain Schengen country for another Schengen country or vice-versa. However, New Zealand nationals may stay longer than 90 days if they are only visiting certain Schengen countries - see [3] for an explanation from the New Zealand Government (in English).
If you are a non-EU/EFTA national (even from a visa-free country, with the exception of Andorra, Monaco or San Marino), make sure that your passport is stamped when entering and leaving the Schengen zone. Without a stamp upon entry, you can be treated as having exceeded the length of stay on departure; without a stamp on departure, you can be denied entry to the Schengen zone the next time because of exceeding the length of stay in a previous trip. If you can't get a stamp, keep documents such as boarding passes, transport tickets and receipts from ATMs, as they can help convince border police that you have stayed legally in the Schengen zone.
Be aware that:
(*) Nationals of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia require a biometric passport to benefit from visa-free travel;
(**) nationals of Serbia with passports issued by the Serbian Coordination Directorate (residents of Kosovo with Serbian passports) must apply for a visa;
(***) Taiwanese nationals must have their ID number registered in their passport in order to enjoy visa-free travel.
By plane
From major European and worldwide cities, Tallinn can be reached by plane with a.o. KLM, Lufthansa, Czech Airlines, SAS, easyjet and Ryan Air. Tallinn is less than three hours flying from Amsterdam and Brussels.
By train
Despite the rise of budget airlines, train travel can still be a cheap, fast and certainly more convenient option for transportation. Because train stations are often located in the city centres, the train on the medium distance (for example Enschede - Paris or Bruges - Wolfsburg) can compete very well with the plane.
Currently in Belgium and at the Deutsche Bahn online only to order tickets for the neighboring countries of Belgium, resp. Germany and a number of easily accessible cities further on. Other tickets can only be purchased by telephone or at the counter, or of course in the country concerned. The latter is often much cheaper. Also keep an eye out for the many Sparpreis offers at the Deutsche Bahn, which can be very advantageous for a travel route to or via Germany.
However, it is quite possible to train journey map out from home. The two sites listed immediately below provide information not only about journeys from the Benelux, but also about all train connections throughout Europe and in the Russian part of Asia, e.g. between Moscow and Madrid. It is about this the site of the Belgian railways and the Dutch site of the Deutsche Bahn.
NS Hispeed only offers information about travel between the Netherlands and a few large foreign cities. As a rule, this information is also limited to trains that run directly to or from abroad (i.e. no connections between Utrecht and Paris or between Rotterdam and Germany, because there is always a transfer within the Netherlands). To plan trips within the Netherlands, it is best this website use.
NS Hispeed sells online a small range of journeys departing from the Netherlands to other countries (one-way and return journeys), and a very limited number of routes from abroad to (other) foreign countries (one-way and return journeys). You can reserve other trips by telephone via the Telesales department (0900-9296, €0.35 p.m.) and at the counters in the Tickets and Service shops at the (medium) large stations. This is the online International counter of the Dutch railways.
Smoking is prohibited on the train in all European countries.
By car
A car trip to Estonia is usually not obvious. The roads to it are generally fair to good. There are two common routes: The route from Germany via Poland Lithuania (possibly with passage through Kaliningrad enclave, Russia), Latvia to Estonia. More often, however, a trip via Germany, Denmark and Sweden with a crossing to Tallinn is used.
By bus
By boat
Travel around
Language
Estonian, this is the official language. A large number of people also speak Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Finnish. A small group of people also speak German, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Swedish and Tartar.
To buy
Cost
Food
The fact that this country has been in the hands of many different nationalities is reflected in the cuisine of this country. Traditional dishes are for example: marinated eel, black pudding and sauerkraut with pork, pancake with caviar, Mulgikapsad.
Going out
stay overnight
To learn
To work
Safety
Health
respect
Contact
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