France - Frankrijk

France covers an area of ​​543,965 km² (excluding overseas territories), making it the largest country in Western Europe. It has a population of more than 60 million. The capital Paris is one of the most visited cities in Europe. For the Dutch, France is an important holiday destination. More than a quarter of France is covered by forests and more than half is intended for the agricultural sector. Among other things, the soil conditions and the location have ensured the high-quality viticulture in France.

In the north, the country borders Belgium and Luxembourg, in the east on Germany, Switzerland and Italy, in the south on the Mediterranean, Monaco, Andorra and Spain and in the west on the Atlantic Ocean. The island Corsica, in the Mediterranean Sea off the Italian coast, also belongs politically to France.

France has a strong geographical diversity. The north and west of the country mainly consist of lowlands, while the south and east consist largely of highlands and mountains. The plateaus and mountain ranges have geologically "old" and "new" history. In the northeast are the Ardennes and the Vosges, in the west the Armorican Massif and in the south the Massif Central, the "older" mountain ranges. The Jura and the Alps in the east, and the Pyrenees in the south, are "young" mountain ranges which also form a natural border with the neighboring countries concerned.

Moreover, France has many different cultural areas. Brittany is actually more British than French historically. The region Alsace For centuries it belonged alternately to the German and French cultural areas. This can still be seen, for example in the architecture of Strasbourg. French Flanders used to be part of the County of Flanders and here's still getting a little bit West Flemish (French-Flemish) spoken. Located in the extreme southwest of France French Basque Country. The Cote d'Azur ("Azure coast") on the Mediterranean Sea has a completely different appearance in terms of climate, landscapes and "mentality", with famous places such as Nice and Cannes. This region has long been an area for the "jet set" of Europe (and beyond) because of its climate, landscape, beaches and picturesque fishing villages, in short, a much-loved area.

Regions

France is divided into 22 administrative regions, which can be grouped into seven cultural regions:

Towns

• Paris
• Bordeaux
• Lyon
• Marseille
• Nantes
• Nice
• Lille
• Strasbourg
• Toulouse

Other destinations

• Camargue
• Corsica
• Cote d'Azur
• Disneyland Paris
• Gorges du Verdon
• Loire Valley
• Mont Saint-Michel

Info

France is the third largest country in Europe after Russia and Ukraine and, by Western European standards, rather sparsely populated; the population density is about 1/4 that of the Netherlands. There is a lot of natural beauty in an enormously varied landscape, with many different climates and sub-climates. France is a popular holiday destination for the French themselves and for many foreign tourists. There is a lot of skiing in the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Massif Central.

Art & Culture

French culture manifests itself in literature, architecture, music, film, theater and the visual arts. There are many theatres, museums and cinemas. Various national and local events are held.

Propagating the French language and culture in the country itself and in the world is a serious matter of state. The Institut de France has a coordinating role for all cultural and scientific activities. One of the components of this institute is the Académie française, which has been officially monitoring the purity of the French language since 1635. The 40 members of this party are called "immortals," and their appointment by co-optation requires approval from the President of the Republic. Once every two or three years, a Sommet de la Francophonie is held somewhere in the French-speaking world, often with the president himself making an appearance. The term 'Francophone world' is hereby interpreted broadly; for example, conference was held in Romania in 2002 and in Vietnam in 1997.

In addition, there are Radio France International, the TV channel TV5 Monde, which can be received in the Netherlands partly with Dutch subtitles, and the satellite news channel France 24. The Maison Descartes is also located in Amsterdam, which in all kinds of ways propagates French culture to the Dutch public. In France itself, its own culture is highlighted in a number of the many museums that the country has.

The interaction between culture and politics is more self-evident in France than in the Netherlands, for example. Intellectuals have emerged over the past hundred years as a serious social group; more than in the Netherlands it also applies to them that they enjoy personal moral authority in the public debate. In 1949, when the playwright and revolving door criminal Jean Genet faced life imprisonment, he was pardoned thanks to a petition to the president of a large number of prominent artists and writers, initiated by Jean Cocteau. President De Gaulle also once rejected the suggestion that Jean-Paul Sartre should be arrested for his protest against the war in Algeria, arguing: 'Don't arrest Voltaire'. Intellectuals can sometimes be interlocutors of elected officials, right down to the president. When a writer or artist dies, it is customary for the head of state to comment publicly; politicians would undermine their prestige if they showed themselves ignorant or indifferent to art and culture. It also looks very good to have written a book, about politics, about history or even with literary pretensions. When Jacques Attali, a favorite of President Mitterrand, was appointed president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1990, he believed he could profile himself there as a writer/philosopher, more than as a financial expert.

History

France's cultural identity was established around 50 BC. determined by the conquest of Celtic Gaul by Roman armies commanded by Julius Caesar. Latin culture survived the fall of the Roman Empire, although a Frankish Empire dominated by Germans emerged. Since the division of this empire in 843 and the emergence of West Francia, France has had some administrative continuity with Paris as the center of power, making it the oldest geopolitical entity in Europe. Since the early Middle Ages, it has always been an important factor in the European balance of power due to the size of the territory and of the population. This prominence on the European stage led to many wars and was accompanied by the development of a more centralized nation state than elsewhere in Europe. From the Early Modern Period, the country also had great international cultural influence. With the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678, the national borders roughly took the shape they have again since 1945 and largely coincide with natural borders. In the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries, France was the largest power on the European continent. At the beginning of the 19th century, this was accompanied by spectacular conquests, which were completely lost again between 1812 and 1815.

In the course of the 19th century, France was eclipsed by the British Empire as the largest European power and lagged rather behind in industrial development and population growth with old and new rivals: the British, the Germans and the Americans, but did participate fully in the European Union. rivalry in colonial expansion. Both economic and cultural motives played a role in this. In the 20th century, as a result of two world wars, which ended in Pyrrhic victories for France, France was forced from 1945 to seek a new role between the two superpowers as a medium-sized modern European power without colonial ambitions. This went hand in hand with significant industrial development, its own nuclear deterrent force, a leading role in the post-war European integration project, while maintaining an independent military role, both in its own post-colonial sphere of influence and within NATO. France is a political member of NATO, but from 1966 without the French armed forces being part of the integrated command structure. (In March 2009 France decided to return to it.) The loss of global cultural influence, especially as a result of the 'Anglo-Saxon ascendancy', is a source of national concern.

Sport

France is a renowned country in the field of cycling, football, rugby and jeu de boules. Well-known French sports competitions are the Roland Garros tennis tournament, the Tour de France cycling race and the Paris-Roubaix cycling classic.

France is also home to parkour and horseball, two new sports with increasing popularity.

climate

The climate varies considerably. There are three different climate zones.

• Humid maritime climate; with often cool summers, for example west of the Bayonne-Lille line
• Semi-continental or intermediate climate with harsh winters and warm summers. For example in Alsace, Lorraine, along the Rhone Valley and in the mountains (Alps, Pyrenees, Massif Central)
• Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot summers in the south of France.

Arrive

Passport and visa

France belongs to the Schengen zone.

There are no border controls between countries that have signed and implemented the Schengen Agreements. These are the member states of the European Union (except Bulgaria, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom), Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. In addition, a visa issued for a member state of the Schengen zone is valid for all member states that have signed the treaties and have implemented. But beware: not all EU Member States have signed the Schengen Agreements, and there are also Member States of the Schengen Area that are not members of the European Union. This means that there may be customs checks but no immigration checks (if you are traveling within Schengen but from/to a non-EU country) or there may be immigration checks but no customs checks (if you are traveling within the EU but from/to a non-EU country). -Schengen country).

Airports in Europe are divided between "Schengen" and "no Schengen" sections, which correspond to the "domestic" and "foreign" sections in other countries. If you fly from outside Europe to a Schengen country and then travel on to another Schengen country, you can complete the customs and immigration checks in the first country and then proceed directly to the second country without any further checks. Traveling between a Schengen country and a non-Schengen country will result in the usual border controls. Please note that whether or not you travel within the Schengen zone, many airlines require you to always present a passport or identity card. Nationals of Member States of the European Union or of the EFTA (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) only need to carry a valid passport or identity card to enter the Schengen zone — they never need a visa, no matter how long the visit takes. Nationals of other countries must carry a valid passport and, depending on nationality, need a visa.

Only nationals of the following non-EU/EFTA countries have no Visa required to enter the Schengen zone: Albania*, Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Bosnia and Herzegovina*, Brazil, Brunei, Canada, Chili, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Israel, Japan, Croatia, North Macedonia*, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Montenegro*, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, San Marino, Serbia*/**, Seychelles, Singapore, Taiwan*** (Republic of China), United States, Uruguay, Vatican CITY, Venezuela, South Korea, as well as persons with a British National (Overseas) passport, a Hong-Kong-SAR passport or a Macau-SAR passport.

Visitors to these visa-free countries are not allowed to stay longer than 90 days in any 180-day period in the Schengen zone as a whole, and in principle are not allowed to work during the stay (although there are some Schengen countries that allow nationals of certain nationalities to work — see below). The counter starts when you enter a member state of the Schengen zone and does not expire when you leave a certain Schengen country for another Schengen country or vice-versa. However, New Zealand nationals may stay longer than 90 days if they are only visiting certain Schengen countries - see [1] for an explanation from the New Zealand Government (in English).

If you are a non-EU/EFTA national (even from a visa-free country, with the exception of Andorra, Monaco or San Marino), make sure that your passport is stamped when entering and leaving the Schengen zone. Without a stamp upon entry, you can be treated as having exceeded the length of stay on departure; without a stamp on departure, you can be denied entry to the Schengen zone the next time because of exceeding the length of stay in a previous trip. If you can't get a stamp, keep documents such as boarding passes, transport tickets and receipts from ATMs, as they can help convince border police that you have stayed legally in the Schengen zone.

Be aware that:

(*) Nationals of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia require a biometric passport to benefit from visa-free travel;

(**) nationals of Serbia with passports issued by the Serbian Coordination Directorate (residents of Kosovo with Serbian passports) must apply for a visa;

(***) Taiwanese nationals must have their ID number registered in their passport in order to enjoy visa-free travel.

By plane

From airport Amsterdam, SchipholIn any case, airlines regularly fly to the capital.
And also from the airport of Brussels Airport different flights can be booked.

For flight information to other cities in the country, see the articles for that city.

By train

Despite the rise of budget airlines, train travel can still be a cheap, fast and certainly more convenient option for transportation. Because train stations are often located in the city centres, the train on the medium distance (for example Enschede - Paris or Bruges - Wolfsburg) can compete very well with the plane.

Currently in Belgium and at the Deutsche Bahn online only to order tickets for the neighboring countries of Belgium, resp. Germany and a number of easily accessible cities further on. Other tickets can only be purchased by telephone or at the counter, or of course in the country concerned. The latter is often much cheaper. Also keep an eye out for the many Sparpreis offers at the Deutsche Bahn, which can be very advantageous for a travel route to or via Germany.

However, it is quite possible to train journey map out from home. The two sites listed immediately below provide information not only about journeys from the Benelux, but also about all train connections throughout Europe and in the Russian part of Asia, e.g. between Moscow and Madrid. It is about this the site of the Belgian railways and the Dutch site of the Deutsche Bahn.

NS Hispeed only offers information about travel between the Netherlands and a few large foreign cities. As a rule, this information is also limited to trains that run directly to or from abroad (i.e. no connections between Utrecht and Paris or between Rotterdam and Germany, because there is always a transfer within the Netherlands). To plan trips within the Netherlands, it is best this website use.

NS Hispeed sells online a small range of journeys departing from the Netherlands to other countries (one-way and return journeys), and a very limited number of routes from abroad to (other) foreign countries (one-way and return journeys). You can reserve other trips by telephone via the Telesales department (0900-9296, €0.35 p.m.) and at the counters in the Tickets and Service shops at the (medium) large stations. This is the online International counter of the Dutch railways.

Smoking is prohibited on the train in all European countries. High-speed trains (Thalys, TGV) run to France. The Thalys arrives at Gare-du-Nord station in Paris. There is also a direct TGV connection to the winter sports areas via Lyon. Reservations for the Thalys and TGV can be made NS HiSpeed. The tickets are usually cheaper the longer in advance booked.

By car

The vast majority of Dutch and Belgians prefer to visit France by car. That makes sense: the distances are never too great and the quality of the roads is good. In the French road network, tolls (peage) levied. You can pay with your credit card, there are special gates for payment with credit card.

Gasoline: of course you pay the highest price per liter along the highway. The cheapest are the petrol pumps at the Supermarché/Hypermarché just outside the larger towns and cities (often up to 15 cents per liter cheaper than on the highway). These pumps are in use 24 hours a day by means of payment by credit card (with pin code!). Names of these supermarkets are: Auchan, Carrefour, Intermarché, Leclerq and Super-U.

Car sharing is going well via [2] (in French). Funding is generally requested.

A few times a year it is "Black Saturday" on the French highways to and from the south (samed noir) because of the start or end of the school holidays and the associated exceptionally busy roads. These black Saturdays are also known as such in the media. If possible, it is wise to avoid these black Saturdays. See the website of the French traffic service for this: http://www.bison-fute.equipement.gouv.fr/en/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=106

Alternative routes to avoid crowds

The ring road around Paris (the Péripherique) in particular is very busy day and night. If you do not have to be in Paris, it is recommended to choose a route that avoids Paris as much as possible. Outside the "Black Saturdays" it is best to choose the following routes:

To Provence, Riviera and Rousillon:

From the Netherlands drive to Luxembourg City and from there follow the signs for Thionville-Metz. After the French border, follow the A31 towards Metz-Toul-Dijon. From Toul this is a toll road. At Dijon, take the A39 towards Chambery/Grenoble. This joins the A40 near Bourg en Bresse. At Druillat, follow the A42 towards Lyon/St.Exupery. Follow the signs for Aeroport St.Exupery and near this airport take the A432. at the end of the A432 head towards Lyon/Marseille. Then continue towards Marseille/ A46 on the A46 until the junction with the A7 near Chasse sur Rhône. Here you join the A7 (Autoroute du Soleil) towards Avignon and Marseille/Montpellier.

To Bordeaux, Normandy and Brittany:

Drive the standard route via Antwerp-Ghent-Kortrijk to Lille (Lille) and follow the signs A1 Paris. Near the Haute Picardie TGV Station is the intersection with the A29. Follow the signs A29 Amiens/Rouen. At Amiens stay on the A29 towards Le Havre/Rouen. At the intersection with the A28 follow direction Rouen. In Rouen follow the signs E402/Le Mans. You are now driving on a provincial road through the city and you arrive at the A13 in the direction of Caen. At the exit of the A28 follow the direction Alencon/Le Mans. At Le Mans you can turn onto the A28 towards Angers/Nantes for Brittany and the Atlantic Coast or continue on the A28 towards Tours where you join the A10 towards Bordeaux.

By bus

• Eurolines

By boat

Travel around

By plane

Air France has a large regional network that can reach all corners of the country; from Nice to Lille, from Toulouse to Strasbourg. All destinations can be found on the webpage of Air France

By train

With the TGV (high-speed trains), the railways offer a fantastic alternative to both the car and the plane. Check out the sites of NS HiSpeed or the SNCF for travel times and reservations. Early booking is often cheaper.

If there is also a regular train parallel to the TGV, it is cheaper and the view is often more idyllic - you stop at more small stations.

You can also take over redundant train tickets from others via the website http://www.trocdestrains.com/recherche-billet-train.html (in French).

By car

Hitchhiking is generally good. It is not allowed on the Peage (the toll road), but the toll stations at the entrance of the toll road are excellent pick-up points.

Car sharing is widely used in France. A common website for this is http://www.covoiturage.fr/ (in French).

By boat

Traveling by boat is possible either with your own boat or with a rental boat which you can rent at the many rental places. There are several boat rental companies active in France.

To travel by your own boat, you must purchase a navigation vignette from the VNF (Voies Navigables France). You can obtain information about this at www.VNF.fr. It can be purchased on this site or in one of the offices along the waterway through which you enter France. Purchased before 01-04-2013 via the internet you get a 10% discount! The vignette can be issued for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, spring, summer, autumn winter or for a whole year. The price depends on the length of the boat (in 2012 for a boat of 13 meters in length and for a whole year about 400 euros). You also need to be in possession of the documents of the boat, a valid insurance and a sailing license ICC (International Certificate of Competence) that you can apply for in Belgium via, for example, the VPF (Flemish Pleasure Boating Federation) if you already have a Belgian boating licence.

Traveling by boat in France is a true adventure. Since France, especially on the east side, is quite hilly, its rivers and canals are richly provided with locks. Some of it is automatic with remote control or radar. You will also find routes with rising lock keepers. A small part, especially on small side channels, you have to operate the locks yourself. In some places you will even pass through tunnels, which in some cases can be more than 3 km long! You see the landscape from a completely different angle than when you travel by car.

You can moor in marinas, moorings with electricity or if you like it very quiet, just in the great outdoors. There are many options, especially before and after the locks.

In the vicinity of the many weirs you have to take extra precautions with regard to mooring. Especially at night people sometimes want to open weir valves when there is a lot of water. Result: A lot of extra current.

Language

French is the national language of France, which is used for administration and justice. In addition, there are a number of regional languages ​​and dialects, including: Alsatian, Occitan, Catalan, Breton, Basque, Corsican and French Flemish (a Dutch dialect related to West Flemish).

Few French people speak English well enough for proper communication. It is a good idea to learn at least the basics of the French language. In tourist areas, campsites, etc. there are often people who speak good English or even Dutch.

To look at

• 

  Eiffel Tower

• 

  Loire castle

• 

  Mont Saint-Michel

• 

  Arc de Triomphe

To do

To buy

Food

French cuisine is known and loved worldwide. There are various regional dishes. French dishes include bouillabaisse and cassoulet. The French wine and French cheese are very well known. Every year, France produces nearly 8 billion bottles of wine in its various wine regions and there are some 400 different types of French cheese.

Going out

stay overnight

There is a lot and diverse offer to stay in France.

Campsites

There are approximately 2.7 million places available at the more than 11,000 campsites, making this a popular way to spend the night in France.

Hotels

More than 1.2 million beds are available for those who prefer the luxury of a hotel. Many of the hotels are small and characteristic, both in the big cities and the countryside. The costs of a hotel overnight stay are approximately equal to those in the Netherlands.

Note: it Hotel de Ville is in France it city ​​Hall, so don't try to check in!

To learn

• The Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) is a French research institute that focuses on conducting research and directing scientific programs related to the relationship between humans and their environment.

• The level of education in France is high. There are universities in Paris, Nantes, Lyon, Toulouse, Marseille, Bordeaux, Lille, Montpellier, Strasbourg, Rennes, Grenoble and Nancy, among others. Education in France starts with pre-primary education (écoles maternelles). Compulsory education is for children from 6 to 16 years old. This consists of primary education (école élémentaire) and secondary education (collège). Until the 15th year thereafter, at least one year of schooling in general technical or vocational education. Then higher education follows. Especially the 'Grandes Ecoles', a kind of super-universities, are very competitive in nature; these were established in Napoleonic times with the express intention of creating an administrative elite.

• Following a decision by President Sarkozy, since April 2009, all French museums are free for people under 25 years of age.

To work

France is one of the major economic powers of the world and is the initiator of the founders of the G8, a still expanding intergovernmental forum of rich industrialized countries. Agriculture plays a greater role than in the economies of most other industrialized countries, partly due to the relatively low population density and the importance given to the countryside for national identity. Much of the value of total agricultural exports comes from livestock (mainly cattle, pigs, poultry and sheep). The mountain regions and northwestern France are the main livestock areas. The major crops of the country are wheat, sugar beet, corn, barley and potatoes. In the northwest, it is ideal to grow vegetables early in the year, because of the mild climate. The soil in the Massif Central is less fertile. Fruit growing is important in the south. France is one of the major producers of wine in the world. The most famous vineyards are in Burgundy, Champagne, the Rhone and Loire valleys and the Bordeaux region. The centers of the wine trade are Bordeaux, Reims, Dijon and Cognac.

The La Défense business district in the capital Paris France's major industries include machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metals, aircraft, electronic equipment and food (especially French cheese). Advanced technology industries are also growing. Paris is famous for its luxury goods. Besides Paris, the main industrial cities are Metz and Strasbourg in the northeast; in the north, Robaais (Roubaix) and Lille; in the southeast Lyon and Grenoble; in the south Marseille, Toulouse, Nice and Nimes; to the west Bordeaux and Nantes.

Tourism is an important economic sector. Well-known tourist regions are Normandy and Brittany in the north and Provence and the Côte d'Azur in the south. The French Alps and Dordogne and castles of the Loire are also popular with tourists.

More than half of the trade takes place with other members of the European Union. Japan, the United States and China are also important trading partners. The main exports are machinery and transportation equipment, chemical products, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing. Major imports include crude oil, machinery and equipment, agricultural products, chemicals, and iron and steel products. Nuclear energy supplies 75% of all electricity from France. Unlike in many other western countries, this is hardly controversial; reducing dependence on oil imports, of which France itself has none, is considered very important. The main ports are Rouen, Le Havre, Cherbourg, Brest, Saint-Nazaire, Nantes, Bordeaux, Toulon, Dunkirk and Marseille.

The government previously held majority shares in many commercial banks, some industries and the telephone system. There has been recent move towards privatization, although energy production, public transport and defense industries are still controlled by the government.

Health

• The tap water is drinkable, except for a few places in the interior; nevertheless, it is advisable to buy bottled mineral water because the tap water contains more chlorine or lime than you are probably used to in the Netherlands (and this can possibly result in stomach complaints).

respect

Contact

By phone

In France there are 5 area codes, comparable to the area codes in the Netherlands. These are the numbers 1 to 5. The numbers 6 to 9 have different functions, so the numbers 6 and 7 are for mobile numbers. All numbers consist of 8 digits.

The table below shows how to dial the number 87654321 in different situations. In the case of "in France" situations, it is the shortest possible sequence of numbers.

Territorial number	Area definition	Wikivoyage notation	From landline in Belgium or the Netherlands	From landline in France outside area	From landline in France in area	From mobile device in France
1	le-de-France	33 1 8765 4321	0033 1 8765 4321	01 8765 4321	8765 4321	01 8765 4321
2	North West France and Reunion and Mayotte	33 2 8765 4321	0033 2 8765 4321	02 8765 4321	8765 4321	02 8765 4321
3	North-East France	33 3 8765 4321	0033 3 8765 4321	03 8765 4321	8765 4321	03 8765 4321
4	South-East France	33 4 8765 4321	0033 4 8765 4321	04 8765 4321	8765 4321	04 8765 4321
5	South West France and other overseas territories	33 5 8765 4321	0033 5 8765 4321	05 8765 4321	8765 4321	05 8765 4321
6	Mobile	33 6 8765 4321	0033 6 8765 4321	06 8765 4321	06 8765 4321	06 8765 4321
7	Mobile	33 7 8765 4321	0033 7 8765 4321	07 8765 4321	07 8765 4321	07 8765 4321
8	Both toll free numbers (800) as premium numbers (801-899)	33 8 8765 4321	0033 8 8765 4321	08 8765 4321	08 8765 4321	08 8765 4321
9	Other, including voice over IP	33 9 8765 4321	0033 9 8765 4321	09 8765 4321	09 8765 4321	09 8765 4321

This article is still completely under construction . It contains a template, but not yet enough information to be useful to a traveler. Dive in and expand it!

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