Saxony - Sachsen

State Sachsen

The Free State Saxony is a federal state in the east Germany. The countries are neighboring Brandenburg in the North, Saxony-Anhalt in the north and northwest, the Free State Thuringia in the west, the Free State Bavaria in the southwest as well as the republics Czech Republic in the south and Poland in the East.

Regions

Landscapes

Saxony can be divided into these tourist regions or landscapes:

places

Semperoper in Dresden

The biggest cities in Saxony are:

  • Dresden - the state capital with over half a million inhabitants, baroque old town "Elbflorenz" with Frauenkirche, Brühlsche Terrasse, Residenzschloss, Zwinger and Semperoper,
  • Leipzig - Industrial and commercial center in the north of Saxony with over half a million inhabitants, Völkerschlachtdenkmal, passages with Auerbach's cellar and exhibition center,
  • Chemnitz - traditional industrial and working-class town, a landmark of the former Karl-Marx-Stadt is still the monumental bust of the communist philosopher,
  • Zwickau, Robert-Schumann-Stadt and cradle of the Saxon automobile industry, scratches the threshold of the big city with almost 100,000 inhabitants.

Other touristically important places:

  • Meissen - in the middle of the Saxon wine-growing region, in the Middle Ages the political center of today's Saxony, the oldest porcelain factory in Europe
  • Gorlitz - the easternmost city in Germany on the border with Poland and one of four Zipfelgemeinden; very well preserved historic old town - from the Middle Ages to Art Nouveau
  • Bautzen - the center of Upper Lusatia, worth seeing old town with numerous medieval towers
  • Freiberg - halfway between Dresden and Chemnitz, important cathedral and renowned engineering academy
  • Plauen - the center of the Vogtland in southwest Saxony, world-famous for its tip
  • Oberwiesenthal - Winter sports resort on the Fichtelberg (1214 m), the highest point in Saxony
  • Pirna - the "gateway to Saxon Switzerland", a picturesque cityscape
  • Radebeul - Center of the Saxon wine-growing region; the district of Altkötschenbroda forms a very well-preserved, typically Saxon town square
  • Riesa - medium-sized industrial city with a great sports tradition
  • Torgau - Former residence of the Saxon dukes, stronghold of the Reformation
  • Grimma - historic old town with wonderful buildings

Other goals

background

Today's Saxony was from until the early Middle Ages Slavs populated, to which many place and field names can be traced back. In the 10th century the Margraviate of Meissen built and colonized by German settlers. At that time, the name "Saxony" was still associated with a region in northern Germany, most of which is today Lower Saxony corresponds to. The Saxon title of duke fell in the 15th century to the margraves of Meißen and thus the name Saxony was also carried over to their country and its people.

In 1485 the ruling house of the Wettins was divided into an Albertine line (after their progenitor Duke Albrecht) and an Ernestine line (after Elector Ernst). While the Ernestines henceforth in Thuringia ruled (most of the Thuringian princely states therefore also had "Saxony" in their name, e.g. Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha), the Albertines built their rule in Electorate Saxony up. Saxony was one of the first states that the reformation accepted and after the Peace of Augsburg, since the electors were evangelicals, they had to be their subjects as well.

Especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, Saxony was one of the most popular thanks to the rich silver mines in the Ore Mountains and the brisk trade richest countries Germany. This prosperity can be seen in the baroque representative buildings in Dresden and the immeasurable treasures of the Green vault read off.

The electorate was renamed by Napoleon in 1806 kingdom raised, however, at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Niederlausitz (today in Brandenburg) and the south of today's Saxony-Anhalt cede to Prussia. In the 19th century, Saxony was a pioneer in the industrialization in Germany, especially the textile industry, mechanical engineering and printing in Leipzig and Chemnitz boomed tremendously and allowed the Saxon cities to grow rapidly. The Leipzig-Dresdeners railroad-Compagnie operated the first long-distance railway line in Germany from 1839. The many industrial workers made Saxony a cradle of social democracy and gave it the nickname “Red Kingdom”. With listen in Zwickau (a forerunner of Audi) Saxony was one of the early centers of German automobile production alongside Württemberg.

With the end of the Empire in 1918, King Friedrich August III. abdicate. He is supposed to do this with the phrase known in Saxony "Now do a Dregg alleene!" (Well then, do your dirt on your own!) have done what, however, has not been historically proven. Saxony was a free state until 1933 and a state within the Soviet occupation zone from 1945 to 1952. Then it was divided into the three districts of Leipzig, Dresden and Karl-Marx-Stadt (until 1990 the name of Chemnitz). Plauen and Leipzig were two of the earliest starting points for the Peaceful Revolution in the DDR. Since 1990 Saxony has been a free state again and is the easternmost state of the Federal Republic of Germany. Saxony is the most populous and economically strongest of the new federal states. After the interim collapse of the Saxon industry, Saxony is again an automobile (VW in Zwickau, BMW and Porsche in Leipzig) and high-tech location (e.g. Infineon in Dresden).

language

The official language in all of Saxony is German; in the communities with a Sorbian population in Lusatia there is also Sorbian, a Slavic language that is related to Polish and Czech (all Sorbs are bilingual and speak fluent German).

Contrary to what most non-Saxons assume, hardly any dialect is spoken in Saxony. What is now called “Saxon” or “Saxon” is actually just a regional colloquial language. The "real" Saxon became extinct in most parts of Saxony 100 years ago, only in Ore Mountains and Vogtland dialect is still spoken today by broader strata of the population. The degree of Saxon coloring varies from speaker to speaker and ranges from a slightly “Saxon” pronunciation of High German to barely understandable. Since it is not a real dialect, but only a variant of Standard German (the latter, incidentally, has mainly developed from the office language of Saxon officials - that should also surprise Hanoverians & Co.!), You should "listen in" very quickly. Many Saxons also try to speak more clearly when they notice that the interlocutor is from "outside".

getting there

By plane

The Leipzig Halle AirportWebsite of this institutionLeipzig Halle Airport in the Wikipedia encyclopediaLeipzig Halle Airport in the media directory Wikimedia CommonsLeipzig Halle Airport (Q668382) in the Wikidata database(IATA: LEJ) and the Dresden AirportWebsite of this institutionDresden Airport in the Wikipedia encyclopediaDresden Airport in the media directory Wikimedia CommonsDresden Airport (Q657005) in the Wikidata database(IATA: DRS) are the two international airports in Saxony. From Dresden Airport you can take the S-Bahn to the city center at the city tariff. Leipzig-Halle Airport is located between the two eponymous cities, and S-Bahn and long-distance trains stop at the associated airport station.

To the international hub airport FrankfurtWebsite of this institutionFrankfurt Airport in the Wikipedia encyclopediaFrankfurt Airport in the media directory Wikimedia CommonsFrankfurt Airport (Q46033) in the Wikidata database(IATA: FRA) a four to six hour train journey should be scheduled. Depending on the destination, the Prague airportWebsite of this institutionPrague Airport in the Wikipedia encyclopediaPrague Airport in the media directory Wikimedia CommonsPrague Airport (Q99172) in the Wikidata database(IATA: PRG) represent a convenient alternative.

By train

Dresden with its two long-distance train stations is on IC / EC connections from Hamburg, Berlin, Vienna and Budapest, as well as ICE connections from Wiesbaden/Frankfurt am Main connected.

Leipzig is the larger rail hub in Saxony with regular ICE connections from the direction Frankfurt am Main via Erfurt, Munich and Berlin as well as IC trains from direction Cologne/Ruhr area or. Bremen, Hanover and Magdeburg. As part of the German Unity 8 (VDE8) traffic project, the ICE connection from Leipzig to Nuremberg and Berlin was expanded until 2017. With the timetable change in December 2015, the section to Erfurt went into operation and reduced the ICE travel time between Erfurt and Leipzig by 27 minutes.

From court with connection from direction Nuremberg RegionalExpress trains operate over Zwickau and Chemnitz to Dresden.

By bus

Several long-distance bus lines lead to Dresden and Leipzig, for example from Berlin or Frankfurt am Main. The development of the long-distance bus market is currently subject to rapid change, both in terms of providers and routes.

In the street

From direction Thuringia the A4 leads to Saxony. On Saxon territory it is six lanes from the state border to Dresden expanded. From direction Bavaria takes the A 72 court to Saxony. It crosses the A4 near Chemnitz and then continues in the direction Leipzig.

Those arriving from northwest Germany will probably take the A 14 Magdeburg direction Leipzig and Dresden to take. Donut and Brandenburger can travel to Dresden via the A 13 or to Leipzig via the A 9.

mobility

With the Saxony ticket can be a person for 24, - € (Dec 2017) with all local trains through Saxony Thuringia and through Saxony-Anhalt drive. 4 additional people pay an additional € 6 each. Your own children / grandchildren up to the age of 14 travel for free. The ticket is valid at least in Saxony on all local and regional trains as well as on buses and trams, Monday to Friday from 9 a.m., on weekends and public holidays all day until 3 a.m. the following day.

There is one for single travelers Regio120 ticket up to 120 km, region 120 plus up to 150 km in Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt as well as selected routes in Brandenburg, Berlin, Bavaria, Hesse and Lower Saxony for € 16 and € 22, respectively. These tickets are only valid on regional / local trains on weekdays from 9 a.m. or on Saturday and Sunday. Full-time. With the Regio 120 ticket you can z. B. drive from Leipzig to Dresden or Zwickau or from Chemnitz to Dresden or Hof; with the Regio 120plus even from Leipzig or Dresden to Berlin.

A Hopperticket (flat rate for journeys less than 50 km) similar to Thuringia or Saxony-Anhalt is only available in Saxony in the MDV tariff area and there only as a mobile phone ticket for 9.50 euros (return trip up to a maximum of 6 zones).

The territory of Saxony is comprehensively covered by five transport associations, which are listed in the following table with their relevant points and different tariff conditions. in the Route network plan for local rail passenger transport in Saxony shows their coverage.

Central German Transport Association (MDV)Central Saxony Transport Association (VMS)Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (VVO)Vogtland Transport Association (VVV)Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Oberlausitz-Lower Silesia (ZVON)
CountiesLeipzig-Land, North SaxonyErzgebirgskreis, Central Saxony, ZwickauBautzen (partly), Meißen, Saxon SwitzerlandVogtland districtBautzen (partly), Görlitz
one district citiesLeipzigChemnitzDresden----
other citiesBorna, Delitzsch, Eilenburg, Geithain, Grimma, Torgau, Spice upAnnaberg-Buchholz, Aue, Chub, Freiberg, Glauchau, Mittweida, StollbergWerdauDippoldiswalde, Freital, Grossenhain, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Meissen, Pirna, Riesa, SebnitzPlauen, ReichenbachBautzen, Gorlitz, Zittau
Expansion outside of SaxonySaxony-Anhalt (Halle, Saalekreis, Burgenlandkreis), Thuringia (Altenburger Land)--Czech Republic with "Elbe-Labe-Ticket" (Usti nad Labem district)--Czech Republic and Poland with "Euro-Neisse-Ticket" (Liberec District, Usti District (partly), Zgorzelec, Bolesławiec, Lubań, Jelenia Góra)
BahnCard discount on network ticketsNo DB tariff with BahnCard discounts, applicable for pure rail use without transfer authorization (does not apply within and between tariff zones 110 (Leipzig city area) and 210 (Halle city area))NoNoNoNo
Carrying bicyclesFree of charge on trains, otherwise additional ticket required (generally free in Saxony-Anhalt except tariff zone 210 (Halle city area)freeAdditional ticket required (free for holders of monthly and annual tickets)freeAdditional ticket required
Validity Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia ticketin all means of transportin all means of transportin all means of transportin all means of transportin all means of transport

Who Saxony by wheel would like to get to know one of the numerous Cycle paths trample. The is particularly popular Elbe cycle path .

Tourist Attractions

World Heritage in Saxony

  • Fürst-Pückler-Park in Bad Muskau, largest English landscape park in continental Europe, UNESCO World Heritage
  • The Cultural landscape DresdnerElbe valley with the magnificent baroque buildings of Dresden's old town and the Elbe castles was part of the world heritage from 2004 to 2009, but was then removed from the list due to the construction of the Waldschlösschenbrücke - it has not become less worth seeing as a result
  • The Mining and cultural landscape Ore Mountains with numerous technical monuments and buildings and facilities connected with the centuries-long history of mining has been nominated by Germany and the Czech Republic for inclusion in the World Heritage List

Other top sights in Saxony

  • Old town of Bautzen - influenced by the Middle Ages, with cathedral, Ortenburg, numerous towers used simultaneously by the Catholic and Protestant churches
  • Old town of Gorlitz - In hardly any other German city can you read the historical development as well as here, from late Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque bourgeois houses to Wilhelminian style districts and Art Nouveau buildings; Hardly destroyed in the war and has been reconstructed in the last few years in an exemplary manner in keeping with the monument; hence a popular film set
  • Leipzig city center with numerous historical trading houses, exhibition centers and passages
  • Monument to the Battle of the Nations in Leipzig - with a height of 91 meters one of the largest monuments in Europe
  • Dom and Albrechtsburg in Meissen
  • lock Moritzburg north of Dresden - fairytale hunting and pleasure palace, surrounded by a pond landscape, you can get there with a historic narrow-gauge steam train
  • Hartenfels Castle in Torgau with the palace chapel - the world's first new Protestant church
  • Gripping stones at Ehrenfriedersdorf in the Middle Ore Mountains - Striking granite rock formation with a fantastic view and a natural stage with regular theater and musical performances
  • Pfaffenstein - Table Mountain in the Saxon Switzerland with a grandiose view as well as "Barbarine", a bizarre rock needle and landmark of this landscape
  • Bastei bridge at Rathen - 76 meter long sandstone bridge from the middle of the 19th century over a labyrinth of gorges and steep cliffs, one of the most beautiful vantage points in Saxon Switzerland
  • State Porcelain Manufactory Meissen in Meissen. Very nice exhibition with porcelain art from the entire production period. Informative tour of the production of the porcelain objects. Shops and a nicely furnished café, which of course serves coffee and cake on Meissen porcelain.

activities

Ski slope on the Fichtelberg in Oberwiesenthal
In the Saxon State Opera (Semperoper)

Festivals and regular events

Easter rider
Dresden Striezelmarkt
  • January: Dresden Opera Ball
  • March: Leipzig Book Fair, one of the two major German book fairs, numerous events related to reading, at the same time manga comic convention
  • Easter: Easter riding the Sorbs in the Upper Lusatia
  • May: International Dixieland Festival Dresden
  • Pentecost: Wave Gothic meeting in Leipzig, international festival of the "black scene"
  • May June: Dresden Music Festival, Festival of classical music
  • June: Annaberger Kät in Annaberg-Buchholz, largest folk festival in the Ore Mountains and one of the largest in Germany with over 100 showmen
  • June: Bach Festival Leipzig, international music festival
  • June: Colorful New Town Republic, left-alternative district festival in Dresden-Neustadt
  • June: Cosmonaut Festival, large music festival at the Oberrabenstein reservoir Chemnitz with a varied program from (indie) pop to punk rock to hip-hop and rap with numerous well-known headliners (2016: 35,000 visitors)
  • July: With full force, big metal, hardcore and punk festival at the Roitzschjora glider airfield Löbnitz
  • August: Highfield Festival at the Störmthaler See in Großpösna, largest indie rock festival in the new federal states (25,000 visitors on average)
  • August: Görlitz Old Town Festival
  • September: Day of the Saxons, large folk and local festival at an annually changing location
  • December: The Dresden Striezelmarkt and Leipzig Christmas Market belong to the largest and most beautiful Christmas markets in Germany; the Ore Mountains turns into a "Christmas Land" - many villages are lavishly decorated with carvings and lights; Most places in the Ore Mountains also hold theirs during Advent Mountain parade from.

to buy

Above all in Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz there are many shopping opportunities, both in malls and large department stores as well as in smaller, individual shops. Even in medium-sized cities there is usually still a satisfactory range of options. In some small towns and villages, however, shops are dying out, as residents go shopping in the big cities or shopping centers on the green meadow or order online. You have to be happy to find a small shop at all here.

Typical specialties of Saxony that are worth taking with you are, for example, the famous Plauener Spitze, which can be purchased particularly cheaply in Plauen, Christmas carvings from the Ore Mountains or the Dresden Stollen, which can also be bought very cheaply on site at Christmas time.

The traditional flagship company of Saxony is the State Porcelain Manufactory Meissen in Meißen. If it is to be a stylish souvenir from Saxony, it has to come from this manufactory. Porcelain of various qualities (1st and 2nd choice) can be purchased at the production site in Meißen. A Meissen shop and a Meissen outlet can also be found in Dresden.

kitchen

Quark legs
Dresden egg pancake

The typical Saxon cuisine is mostly hearty, similar to the Thuringian one. These include B. the Saxon potato soup and the sauerbraten. Dumplings or dumplings are served with many dishes. You should also try the Leipziger Allerlei, a vegetable dish made from young peas, carrots, asparagus and morels.

Saxony is also a "sweet paradise", for example Quarkkäulchen (fried dumplings made from a potato-quark dough with raisins, sugar and cinnamon) or (Dresden) egg pancake (three-layer sheet cake: thin base made of yeast dough, quark pudding layer in the Middle, top wide layer of loose egg yolk cream). No German state stands for cakes and pies like that - Gaffee and Guchn is a necessary meal for many “Coffee Saxons”.

The local cuisine of course varies from place to place, especially in the Lower Silesian part of the country in the east, im Ore Mountains and in Vogtland there are very own cooking traditions that can differ significantly from the rest of Saxony, see the respective regional articles.

nightlife

Especially in Leipzig, Dresden and Chemnitz there are a multitude of pubs, bars and discos so that all wishes can be met. In rural areas, on the other hand, as in most regions, the offers are rather rare.

public holidays

Next appointmentSurnameimportance
Saturday 1st January 2022New YearNew Years Day
Friday April 15, 2022Good Fridayhighest Christian holiday, commemoration of the crucifixion of Christ
Sunday April 17th 2022Easter SundayEaster, commemoration of the resurrection of Christ
Monday April 18, 2022Easter MondayEaster, commemoration of the resurrection of Christ
Saturday 1st May 2021May DayInternational Labor Day
Thursday May 13th 2021Ascension of Christ40 days after Easter, commemoration of the Ascension of Christ
Sunday 23 May 2021Pentecost Sunday7 weeks after Easter, commemoration of the pouring out of the Holy Spirit
Monday, May 24, 2021Whit Monday1 day after Pentecost Sunday, commemoration of the pouring out of the Holy Spirit
Thursday 3rd June 2021Corpus Christi(only in Catholic parishes in Upper Lusatia) Catholic solemn festival of the bodily presence of Christ in the Eucharist
Sunday 3rd October 2021Day of German unityNational holiday
Sunday 31st October 2021Reformation dayProtestant holiday in memory of the Reformation of the Church by Martin Luther
Wednesday 17th November 2021Day of Prayer and RepentanceProtestant holiday
Saturday 25 December 20211st Christmas DayChristmas, commemoration of the birth of Christ
Sunday 26 December 20212nd Christmas DayChristmas, commemoration of the birth of Christ

The Day of Prayer and Repentance was deleted as a public holiday in Germany in 1994. A regulation in the interests of employers to cushion the additional burden of expanding social insurance for employees (long-term care insurance). The public holiday was only retained in Saxony, for which employees have to pay a higher insurance amount. Which leads to the effect that this holiday is financed by every regular employee in Saxony in a way that can be calculated on their pay slip.

In some parishes of the Upper Lusatia with a predominantly Sorbian, i.e. also Catholic, population Corpus Christi public holiday, which is duly celebrated there with church services and the Corpus Christi processions in memory of the Last Supper.

Christmas Eve (December 24th) and New Year's Eve (December 31st) are not public holidays. Nevertheless, many businesses are closed all day and many shops and leisure facilities are closed from midday on these days. Depending on the city, local public transport can be severely restricted or even stopped from the afternoon onwards. Most of the restaurants are also closed on Christmas Eve.

School holidays

School holidays in Saxony
vacation20202021202220232024
winter10.02.-22.02.08.02.-20.02.12.02.-26.02.13.02.-24.02.12.02.-23.02.
Easter10.04.-18.04.02.04.-10.04.15.04.-23.04.07.04.-15.04.28.03.-05.04.
Ascension /
Pentecost
22.05.14.05.27.05.19.05.10.05. /
18.05.-21.05.
summer20.07.-28.08.26.07.-03.09.18.07.-26.08.10.07.-18.08.20.06.-02.08.
autumn19.10.-31.10.18.10.-30.10.17.10.-29.10.02.10.-14.10. /
30.10.
Christmas23.12.-02.01.23.12.-01.01.22.12.-02.01.23.12.-02.01.

Furthermore, there are one or two flexible vacation days in Saxony, which are determined locally. The long-term summer vacation dates can be found at the Conference of Ministers of Education can be read.

security

As is generally the case in Germany, the general security situation is good.

Exceptions are primarily events in the big cities, such as in the vicinity of football games (here especially Lok Leipzig and Dynamo Dresden have achieved sad national fame; Chemnitzer FC also has an obviously problematic fan structure), as well as due to political demonstrations and counter-demonstrations, which may well lead to injuries and arrests.

Especially in rural parts of Saxony, often in small towns, locally open neo-Nazi scenes have developed and right-wing extremist violence against people who appear to be foreign or "alternative" looks has occurred time and again. In individual cases, so-called “ordinary people” are also involved, so that a problematic environment cannot be identified by the typical scene outfits alone. After incidents where US citizens were also affected, the website of the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE published travel advice that describes the situation well: Hooligans, most often drunken “skinheads,” have harassed and attacked perceived foreigners or members of rival groups. Seemingly racially-motivated assaults (because of a "foreign" appearance) against U.S. citizens have occurred.

Even if it is no longer just a matter of individual cases, one cannot (yet) speak of no-go areas and if one looks at Saxony as a whole, the individual risk of falling victim to such an attack is low. Nevertheless, increased attention is required.

climate

literature

Web links

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